evaluating-immune-response-nanoemulsion-adjuvant-vaccine-against

Evaluating the Immune Response of a Nanoemulsion Adjuvant Vaccine Against Methicillin-Resistant <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> (MRSA) Infection

Nanoemulsion adjuvant vaccines have attracted extensive attention because of their small particle size, high thermal stability, and ability to induce ...

Third Military Medical University

Wound infections, especially infections with multidrug-resistant bacteria, are a serious public health issue worldwide. In addition, the accumulation microbial biofilm of multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa increases the risk and physically obstruct its healing activity at the wound site. Therefore, the development of an eminent agent to control wound infection is urgently needed. Here, we report a novel chitosan (a natural biological macromolecule)-modified self-nanoemulsifying system (CSN) with lipophilic chlorhexidine acetate (CAA, a poorly water-soluble agent) that was designed and prepared using low-energy emulsification methods. We found that CSN displays better antibacterial efficacy, which occurs more quickly than its aqueous solution, in destroying the structure of the bacterial cell membrane and promoting the leakage of nucleic acids, proteins, K, and Mg from Pseudomonas aeruginosa cells. Importantly, CSN also accelerates skin wound healing after Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection by inhibiting biofilm formation and eradicating mature biofilms. Moreover, the proteomic results suggested that CSN altered membrane permeability and cellular membrane metabolism, allowing more drug molecules to enter the cytosol. Based on these results, this lipophilic self-nanoemulsifying system may be applied in the treatment of skin wounds caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria, especially Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

A lipophilic chitosan-modified self-nanoemulsifying system influencing cellular membrane metabolism enhances antibacterial and anti-biofilm efficacy for multi-drug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa wound infection.

Vaccinations, especially DNA vaccines that promote host immunity, are the most effective interventions for tuberculosis (TB) control. However, the vaccine delivery system exhibits a significant impact on the protective effects of the vaccine. Recently, effective nanomaterial-based delivery systems (including nanoparticles, nanogold, nanoliposomes, virus-like particles, and virus carriers) have been developed for DNA vaccines to control TB. This review highlights the historical development of various nanomaterial-based delivery systems for TB DNA vaccines, along with the emerging technologies. Nanomaterial-based vaccine delivery systems could enhance the efficacy of TB vaccination; therefore, this summary could guide nanomaterial selection for optimal and safe vaccine delivery, facilitating the design and development of highly effective TB vaccines.

Nanomaterials in tuberculosis DNA vaccine delivery: historical perspective and current landscape.

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an invasive hematopoietic malignancy caused by excessive proliferation of myeloblasts. Classical chemotherapies and cell transplantation therapies have remarkable efficacy in AML treatment; however, 30-40% of patients relapsed or had refractory disease. The resistance of AML is closely related to its inherent cytogenetics or various gene mutations. Recently, phytonanomedicine are found to be effective against resistant AML cells and have become a research focus for nanotechnology development to improve their properties, such as increasing solubility, improving absorption, enhancing bioavailability, and maintaining sustained release and targeting. These novel phytonanomedicine and mineral nanomedicine, including nanocrystals, nanoemulsion, nanoparticles, nanoliposome, and nanomicelles, offer many advantages, such as flexible dosages or forms, multiple routes of administration, and curative effects. Therefore, we reviewed the application and progress of phytomedicine in AML treatment and discussed the limitations and future prospects. This review may provide a solid reference to guide future research on AML treatment.

Cun Sun

National Engineering Research Centre of Immunological Products,
Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy,
College of Pharmacy,
National Engineering Research Centre of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy

Third Military Medical University

Evaluating the Immune Response of a Nanoemulsion Adjuvant Vaccine Against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Infection