multi-analyte-biochip-mab-based-on-all-solid-state-ion-selective

Multi-analyte Biochip (MAB) Based on All-solid-state Ion-selective Electrodes (ASSISE) for Physiological Research

Lab-on-a-chip (LOC) applications in environmental, biomedical, agricultural, biological, and spaceflight research require an ion-selective electrode (ISE) ...

NASA Ames Research Center

On Earth, it is common to employ laboratory animals such as the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans to help understand human health concerns. Similar studies in Earth orbit should help understand and address the concerns associated with spaceflight. The "International Caenorhabditis elegans Experiment FIRST" (ICE FIRST), was carried out onboard the Dutch Taxiflight in April of 2004 by an international collaboration of laboratories in France, Canada, Japan and the United States. With the exception of a slight movement defect upon return to Earth, the result of altered muscle development, no significant abnormalities were detected in spaceflown C. elegans. Work from Japan revealed apoptosis proceeds normally and work from Canada revealed no significant increase in the rate of mutation. These results suggest that C. elegans can be used to study non-lethal responses to spaceflight and can possibly be developed as a biological sensor. To further our understanding of C. elegans response to spaceflight, we examined the gene transcription response to the 10 days in space using a near full genome microarray analysis. The transcriptional response is consistent with the observed normal developmental timing, apoptosis, DNA repair, and altered muscle development. The genes identified as altered in response to spaceflight are enriched for genes known to be regulated, in C. elegans, in response to altered environmental conditions (Insulin and TGF-beta regulated). These results demonstrate C. elegans can be used to study the effects of altered gravity and suggest that C. elegans responds to spaceflight by altering the expression of at least some of the same metabolic genes that are altered in response to differing terrestrial environments.

Genomic response of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans to spaceflight.

Sur terre, il est courant d&#39;employer des animaux de laboratoire tels que le n&eacute;matode Caenorhabditis elegans, pour aider &agrave; comprendre les pr&eacute;occupations de la sant&eacute; humaine. Des &eacute;tudes similaires sur orbite terrestre devraient aider &agrave; appr&eacute;hender et r&eacute;soudre les pr&eacute;occupations associ&eacute;es aux vols spatiaux habit&eacute;s. Le &laquo; International Caenorhabditis elegans exp&eacute;rimenter tout d&#39;abord &raquo; (le premier ICE), a eu lieu dehors &agrave; bord les Taxiflight Dutch en avril 2004 par une collaboration internationale des laboratoires en France, Canada, Japon et aux &Eacute;tats-Unis. &Agrave; l&#39;exception d&#39;un l&eacute;ger mouvement d&eacute;faut apr&egrave;s retour sur terre, le r&eacute;sultat du d&eacute;veloppement musculaire alt&eacute;r&eacute;, aucune anomalie importante ont &eacute;t&eacute; d&eacute;tect&eacute;s dans spaceflown c. elegans. Travail du Japon a r&eacute;v&eacute;l&eacute; l&#39;apoptose proc&egrave;de normalement et travail du Canada a r&eacute;v&eacute;l&eacute; non significative augmentation dans le taux de mutation. Ces r&eacute;sultats sugg&egrave;rent que le c. elegans peut &ecirc;tre utilis&eacute; pour &eacute;tudier les r&eacute;ponses non l&eacute;tales aux vols spatiaux habit&eacute;s et peuvent &eacute;ventuellement &ecirc;tre d&eacute;velopp&eacute;es comme un capteur biologique. Pour approfondir notre compr&eacute;hension de la r&eacute;ponse de c. elegans aux vols spatiaux habit&eacute;s, nous avons examin&eacute; la r&eacute;ponse de transcription de g&egrave;ne pour les 10 jours dans l&#39;espace &agrave; l&#39;aide d&#39;une quasi pleine analyse microarray du g&eacute;nome. La r&eacute;ponse transcriptionnelle est compatible avec l&#39;observ&eacute;es cadencement du d&eacute;veloppement normal, l&#39;apoptose, r&eacute;paration de l&#39;ADN et d&eacute;veloppement musculaire alt&eacute;r&eacute;e. Les g&egrave;nes identifi&eacute;s comme modifi&eacute;es en r&eacute;ponse &agrave; des vols habit&eacute;s sont enrichis pour les g&egrave;nes connus pour &ecirc;tre r&eacute;glement&eacute;e, chez c. elegans, en r&eacute;ponse aux conditions du milieu modifi&eacute;es (insuline et TGF-b&ecirc;ta r&eacute;glement&eacute;s). Ces r&eacute;sultats d&eacute;montrent le c. elegans peut &ecirc;tre utilis&eacute; pour &eacute;tudier les effets de gravit&eacute; alt&eacute;r&eacute;e et sugg&egrave;rent que c. elegans r&eacute;pond aux vols spatiaux habit&eacute;s en modifiant l&#39;expression d&#39;au moins certains des m&ecirc;mes g&egrave;nes m&eacute;taboliques qui sont modifi&eacute;es en r&eacute;ponse &agrave; diff&eacute;rents milieux terrestres.

R&eacute;ponse g&eacute;nomique du n&eacute;matode Caenorhabditis elegans aux vols spatiaux habit&eacute;s.

Sulla terra, &egrave; comune ad impiegare animali da laboratorio quali il nematode Caenorhabditis elegans per aiutare a comprendere le preoccupazioni per la salute umana. Studi simili in orbita terrestre dovrebbero aiutare a capire e risolvere i problemi associati con volo spaziale. Il &quot;primo esperimento di internazionale Caenorhabditis elegans&quot; (ghiaccio prima), &egrave; stato trasportato fuori a bordo il Taxiflight olandese nell&#39;aprile del 2004 da una collaborazione internazionale di laboratori in Francia, Canada, Giappone e Stati Uniti. Fatta eccezione per un difetto lieve movimento al ritorno a terra, il risultato dello sviluppo muscolare alterato, senza anomalie significative sono state individuate spaceflown c. elegans. Lavoro dal Giappone ha rivelato apoptosi procede normalmente e lavoro dal Canada ha rivelato non significativo aumento del tasso di mutazione. Questi risultati suggeriscono che il c. elegans pu&ograve; essere utilizzato per studiare non letali responses to spaceflight e possibilmente pu&ograve; essere sviluppato come un sensore biologico. Per favorire la comprensione della risposta di c. elegans al volo spaziale, abbiamo esaminato la risposta di trascrizione genica per i 10 giorni nello spazio usando un pieno vicino analisi microarray del genoma. La risposta di transcriptional &egrave; coerenza con la temporizzazione dello sviluppo normale osservati, apoptosi, riparazione del DNA e sviluppo muscolare alterata. I geni identificati come alterata in risposta al volo spaziale sono arricchiti per geni noti per essere regolati, in c. elegans, in risposta alle condizioni ambientali alterate (insulina e TGF-beta regolato). Questi risultati dimostrano c. elegans pu&ograve; essere utilizzato per studiare gli effetti della gravit&agrave; alterata e suggeriscono che c. elegans risponde al volo spaziale alterando l&#39;espressione di almeno alcuni degli stessi geni metabolici che sono alterati in risposta a diversi ambienti terrestri.

Risposta genomic del nematode elegans di Caenorhabditis al volo spaziale.

En la tierra, es com&uacute;n emplear animales de laboratorio como el nematodo Caenorhabditis elegans para ayudar a entender las preocupaciones de la salud humana. Estudios similares en la &oacute;rbita de la tierra deben ayudar a comprender y abordar las preocupaciones asociadas con el vuelo espacial. El &quot;primer experimento internacional Caenorhabditis elegans&quot; (primera de hielo), fue llevado hacia fuera a bordo del holand&eacute;s Taxiflight en abril de 2004 por una colaboraci&oacute;n internacional de laboratorios en Francia, Canad&aacute;, Jap&oacute;n y los Estados Unidos. Con la excepci&oacute;n de un defecto leve movimiento a su regreso a la tierra, el resultado del desarrollo muscular alterada, anormalidades significativas no fueron detectadas en spaceflown C. elegans. Trabajo de Jap&oacute;n revel&oacute; apoptosis procede normalmente y trabajo de Canad&aacute; revel&oacute; no significativo aumento en la tasa de mutaci&oacute;n. Estos resultados sugieren que C. elegans puede utilizarse para estudiar las respuestas no letales para el vuelo espacial y posiblemente puede ser desarrollado como un sensor biol&oacute;gico. Para mejorar nuestra comprensi&oacute;n de la respuesta de C. elegans para vuelos espaciales, examinamos la respuesta de la transcripci&oacute;n del gene a los 10 d&iacute;as en el espacio con un lleno casi an&aacute;lisis de microarrays de genoma. La respuesta transcripcional es consistente con la sincronizaci&oacute;n del desarrollo normal observada, apoptosis, la reparaci&oacute;n del ADN y desarrollo muscular alterada. Los genes identificados como alterada en respuesta al vuelo espacial est&aacute;n enriquecidos para genes conocidos a regularse en C. elegans, en respuesta a condiciones ambientales alteradas (insulina y regulado de TGF-beta). Estos resultados demuestran C. elegans puede utilizarse para estudiar los efectos de la gravedad alterada y sugieren que C. elegans responde al vuelo espacial mediante la alteraci&oacute;n de la expresi&oacute;n de al menos algunos de los mismos genes metab&oacute;licos que se encuentran alterados en respuesta a diferentes ambientes terrestres.

Florian Selch

NASA Ames Research Center

Multi-analyte Biochip (MAB) Based on All-solid-state Ion-selective Electrodes (ASSISE) for Physiological Research