6.18 : Triarchic Theory of Intelligence

Robert Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence posits that intelligence is composed of three distinct but interrelated components: analytical, creative, and practical intelligence.

1. Analytical Intelligence: This type of intelligence is most aligned with traditional views of intelligence, such as those measured by IQ tests. It involves the ability to analyze, evaluate, and solve problems logically. This form of intelligence is often associated with academic performance and tasks that require critical thinking, such as comparing and contrasting ideas or solving complex math problems.
2. Creative Intelligence: Creative intelligence is the ability to think “outside the box,” generate novel ideas, and create original solutions to problems. This form of intelligence is evident in activities like inventing new products, composing music, or developing innovative solutions in unexpected situations. It emphasizes the importance of imagination and creativity in solving everyday challenges.
3. Practical Intelligence: Often referred to as "street smarts," practical intelligence involves the ability to apply knowledge to real-world situations effectively. It includes skills such as managing everyday tasks, understanding social dynamics, and making decisions that are practical and beneficial in everyday life. This type of intelligence is crucial for navigating personal and professional environments and is not always reflected in traditional IQ scores. According to Sternberg, individuals with high practical intelligence can enter unfamiliar situations, such as a new job, and quickly discern how to behave and prioritize tasks to achieve success.

Sternberg's theory challenges the traditional, singular view of intelligence, arguing that practical and creative intelligence is just as important as analytical intelligence in predicting success in life. This broader understanding of intelligence recognizes that individuals may excel in different areas, reflecting a more holistic view of human cognitive abilities.