Familiarity bias is a psychological tendency in which investors prefer well-known assets and avoid unfamiliar investments, often to the detriment of their portfolios. This bias arises from an aversion to uncertainty and a fear of negative outcomes associated with lesser-known financial instruments. While investors may believe they are making safer choices, their reluctance to explore a broader range of assets can lead to suboptimal diversification and increased risk exposure.

Familiarity bias can significantly influence portfolio composition. Investors affected by this bias may concentrate their holdings in widely recognized companies, assuming that their established reputation equates to stability and reduced risk. However, market downturns in a specific sector can lead to substantial losses.

One consequence of familiarity bias is the potential for an unfamiliarity premium. Despite strong financial fundamentals, less-known stocks may remain undervalued due to limited investor interest. This inefficiency creates opportunities for informed investors to capitalize on mispriced assets. Investors who recognize and counteract familiarity bias can identify undervalued securities and achieve superior risk-adjusted returns.

Mitigating familiarity bias requires a disciplined approach to investment selection. Strategies include conducting thorough research on unfamiliar asset classes, considering international markets, and employing systematic diversification techniques. Investors can rely on index funds or financial advisors to ensure a well-balanced portfolio. By addressing familiarity bias, individuals enhance their ability to manage risk, improve long-term financial performance, and build a more resilient investment strategy.