Generating A Cortical Stab Injury in a Mouse Model to Induce Reactive Astrogliosis

Secure an anesthetized mouse in a stereotaxic frame.

Shave its head and disinfect the site. Apply eye ointment to prevent corneal drying.

Make an incision to expose the skull.

Remove the overlying membranes, and clean the surface with saline.

Mark a region on the skull, targeting the cortex.

Drill along the marked region. Apply saline to maintain tissue hydration.

Remove the loosened bone piece, exposing the underlying cortex.

Place saline-soaked gel foam to prevent tissue drying and absorb blood.

Position a sterile blade attached to a probe holder over the cortex. Then, remove the gel foam.

Lower the blade to penetrate the cortex and move it horizontally in repeated strokes to create a mechanical injury.

Remove the blade and use gel foam to absorb blood. Suture the surgical incision.

At the injury site, astrocytes undergo reactive gliosis, where they activate and proliferate, releasing protective molecules that reduce inflammation and support tissue repair.