The study was supported by research grants from the Roche Organ Transplant Research Foundation (ROTRF) and Astellas. Markus Selzner was supported by an ASTS Career Development Award. Matthias Knaak was supported by the Astellas Research Scholarship. We thank Uwe Mummenhoff and the Birmingham family for their generous support.

<ol>
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The authors have nothing to disclose.

Experimental Schweine OLTx ist ein anspruchsvolles Verfahren für ein Forschungs Einstellung ohne die Intensiv Ressourcen eines klinischen Szenario. Mögliche Komplikationen sind hämodynamische Instabilität, Blutungen, Organ Ischämie, Hypothermie, und Stoffwechsel sowie der Atemwege, Dekompensation. Für jede Arbeitsgruppe, genügt Verfahrens Ausbildung der Operationstechnik 5 als auch das Schwein Anästhesie 14,15 um repräsentative und reproduzierbare Ergebnisse zu erhalten obligatorisch. Vielen technischen Feinheiten sind in der Literatur beschrieben worden, insbesondere in Bezug auf die Gefäßrekonstruktion Phase 5. Die oben beschriebene OLTx Protokoll bietet die erforderlichen Informationen für einen Sekt-Austausch-Modell ähnelt menschlichen OLTx. Die zur Verfügung gestellten Ergebnisse zeigen zuverlässig das Überleben der Tiere und Graft Erholung in beiden HBD und DCD-Modelle. Das Protokoll ist in kurzfristige Überleben Szenarien in Graft Reperfusion expe gebraucht wird,riments zum Beispiel als auch in Langzeitüberleben Modelle wie Toleranzstudien. Ein großes Hindernis von Schweine OLTx ist die relativ schlechte Toleranz Cava und Pfortader Querspann. Splanchnischen Staus während der anhepatischen Phase verursacht venösen Bluthochdruck und Kapillare Schäden, die zu den wichtigsten Darmischämie und hämodynamische Instabilität auf den Punkt eines irreversiblen Schock auch nach Organ Reperfusion 7 führen kann. Da die Hohlvene vollständig in Leberparenchym eingebettet, ist ein Cava erhaltHuckepackVerfahren nicht durchführbar. Die Gesamt Okklusion der Vena Cava im Cava Wiederaufbauphase beeinträchtigt die hämodynamische Stabilität des Schweins. Obwohl einige Berichte zeigen, dass Schweine OLTx während insgesamt Cava und Pfortader Okklusion von weniger als 25 min 16,17 erreicht werden, ist eine porto-cava-Halsschlag Bypass Technik zum Zeitpunkt der Gefäßrekonstruktion der sicherer und praktischer Option 7- 9,18. In thErfahrung e Autoren, ist eine passive porto-Halsschlag Bypass nicht optimal, das Schwein hämodynamisch während der anhepatischen Phase stabil zu halten. Die Bypass-Modell, einschließlich der aktiven Druckverlust beider infrahepatische Cava und Pfortader, ermöglicht ein ruhiges Wiederaufbauphase der suprahepatischen caval und Portal Anastomosen sogar mit erweiterten Klemmzeit aufgrund unvorhergesehener Komplikationen. Im Gegensatz zu früheren Berichten 7 eine Splenektomie nicht zwingend erforderlich, wenn das Portal Bypasskatheter wird entfernt. Sowohl Milz Arterie und Vene sind etwa auf halbem Weg entlang der Länge der Milz Verlassen der proximalen Hälfte ausreichend durchblutet geschlossen. Komplikationen wie Blutungen oder Luftembolie durch Bypass-Abschaltung sind vermeidbar, indem sichergestellt wird, dass der Bypass wird sorgfältig platziert und ordnungsgemäß gesichert. In langfristige Überleben OLTx Experimenten wird die Gallenganganastomose aufgrund seiner hohen Komplikationsrate 19 als eine Schwachstelle. Die Gallengewebe ist sehr zerbrechlich und needs besondere Sorgfalt bei der Handhabung. Viele verschiedene Anastomose Techniken wurden beschrieben 5,19. Eine End-zu-End-Anastomose ist technisch einfach und mit minimalem Komplikationen 19 verbunden. Eine fortlaufende Naht mit einer nicht-schneidenden Nadel darunter große Abschnitte peribiliären Bindegewebe erscheint überlegen einer unterbrochenen Naht. Der Gallengang wird unter unnötige Spannung gesetzt, wenn die einzelnen Maschen der Knopfnaht verknotet werden. Dies kann in Gewebe Tränen und in Folge Galle Lecks führen. Das Nahtmaterial - resorbierbar oder nicht resorbierbar - ist in der Regel nicht von Bedeutung, da ihre begrenzte Lebensdauer, bis das Schwein wird beendet. Für langfristige Überleben Modelle über mehrere Monate, resorbierbares Nahtmaterial - bevorzugt - wie in der menschlichen OLTx. Besondere Sorgfalt muss mit der postoperativen Follow-up genommen werden. Ausreichende Ernährung und Flüssigkeitszufuhr, eine zuverlässige Schmerzlinderung Protokoll und eine richtige ImmunsuppressionRegime sind obligatorisch. Für Langzeitversuche, erscheint Immunsuppression besonders wichtig. Im Vergleich zu anderen Säugetieren, Schweine zeigen eine überraschend geringe immunologische Abstoßung Rate nach OLTx 20,21. Knopfzelle Infiltrationen sind in der zweiten Woche nach der Transplantation maximale und verringern spontan auch ohne Immunsuppression. Die Ablehnung ist nur selten die Todesursache nach Schweine OLTx 22. Aber auch bei der Immunsuppression Protokoll mit der Verwaltung hier genannten Steroide iv und po Calcineurin-Inhibitoren, Transplantatabstoßung wird durch eine leichte Erhöhung der Transaminasen ab etwa 4 Tage nach OLTx angegeben und durch scheinbare Portal Feldrundzellinfiltration bestätigt. Calcineurin-Inhibitoren gegeben entweder po oder iv 23,24 25,26 werden; Beide Methoden haben Nachteile. Auch bei oraler Applikationshilfen, bleibt die tatsächliche Menge Erreichen des Gastrointestinaltraktes schwer fassbar. Auf der anderen Seite, kontinuierlichen iv-Infusion inein Schweinestall mit einer aktiven Tier ist schwierig. Daher muß der iv Applikation in Form eines Bolus, der in hohen Wirkstoffkonzentrationsspitzen zusammen mit potentiellen toxischen Wirkungen führt geführt werden. Dennoch beide Anwendungsverfahren anscheinend langfristige Überleben zu ermöglichen. Ähnlich wie bei einer klinischen Umgebung, wird postoperativen Stress-Ulkus-Prophylaxe empfohlen. Postoperative Blutungen aus Magengeschwüren ist ein häufiges Problem und kann zu einer Leberfunktions 27 bezogen werden. Nach ein paar Fälle von Magen-Darm-Blutungen in beiden OLTx Gruppen begannen die Autoren regelmäßige Prophylaxe mit Pantoprazol und keine gastrointestinalen Blutungen seitdem erleben. Strikte Aufrechterhaltung steriler Bedingungen, intraoperativ, vergleichbar mit den Verhältnissen in einer klinischen Operationsraum und folglich Antibiotikaprophylaxe, verringert das Risiko von infektiösen Komplikationen. Zusammenfassend diesem Artikel provides praktische Informationen für den Aufbau einer Schweine OLTx Programm in einem Forschungs Einstellung. Ausreichend Engagement, Praxis und Teamarbeit ist, um die Lernphase zu verringern, um zuverlässige Ergebnisse zu erzeugen, und um die Kosten und die Anzahl der Versuchstiere zu reduzieren wichtig.

Lebertransplantation (OLTx) ist die einzige Behandlungsoption für Patienten im Endstadium einer Lebererkrankung oder fortgeschrittenem Leberzellkarzinom. In den letzten 25 Jahren hat sich die Zahl der Kandidaten auf der Warteliste nach und nach erhöht und jetzt weit die Anzahl der verfügbaren Transplantate überschreitet. In den meisten Regionen der Transplantation, 20 bis 30% der Patienten auf der Warteliste für eine Lebertransplantation sterben, ohne eine Organtransplantation oder durch Fortschreiten der Krankheit ausgelistet. Strategien, um die Spenderpool zu erhöhen und damit die Anzahl der verfügbaren Transplantate, werden dringend benötigt. Erweiterte Kriterien Organzuteilung, verlängerte Transplantaterhaltung, und die Induktion von Immuntoleranz noch stellen eine große klinische Herausforderung 1-3. Daher ist experimentelle OLTx Forschung entscheidende, um klinische OLTx Praxis zu optimieren. Porcine OLTx ist ein gut etabliertes experimentellen Modell, das menschliche OLTx in vielerlei Hinsicht einschließlich l ähneltiver Größe, Anatomie und Physiologie 4-6. So hat es sich zu einem Standard experimentelle Methode in Forschungsbereichen wie Operationstechniken, Physiologie, Immunologie, Erhaltung und Ischämie-Reperfusionsschaden. Zahlreiche Techniken der Transplantat Beschaffung Empfänger Hepatektomie, und insbesondere eine Gefäßrekonstruktion, wurden in der Literatur 5 beschrieben. Die Wahl der geeigneten Technik variiert je nach Präferenz des Forschers und technische Leistungsfähigkeit. Im Gegensatz zum menschlichen Szenario splanchnic Staus während des anhepatischen Phase repräsentiert ein wichtiges Problem in porcine OLTx. Nachfolgende Darmischämie und kongestive Gefäßschäden kann schwere hämodynamische Instabilität verursachen, zu gefährden das Schwein Überleben und damit den Erfolg des Experiments 7-9. Daher ist eine ausreichende Darm Dekompression verpflichtend, vor allem in weniger technisch verfeinert experimentellen Einstellungen. Unsing eine aktive porto-Kava-Halsschlag Shunt für die Dauer des anhepatischen Phase ist eine zuverlässige Möglichkeit, Darm-Staus zu vermeiden. Das System kann für frühen Reperfusion Experimenten als auch langfristige Überleben Szenarien verwendet werden. Das folgende Protokoll enthält alle Informationen für eine stabile und reproduzierbare Lebertransplantationsmodell in Schweinen, einschließlich Spenderleber Beschaffung, Empfängerbetrieb einschließlich Hepatektomie und End-to-End-Schiff Rekonstruktionstechniken und postoperative Pflege.

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			<td height="19" style="height:19px;width:276px;">Atropine Sulphate 15mg/30mL</td>
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		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:276px;">Protamine Sulfate 50mg/5mL</td>
			<td style="width:257px;">Pharmaceutical Partners of Canada Inc.</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:201px;">2139537</td>
			<td style="width:240px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:276px;">Saline 0.9%, 1L</td>
			<td style="width:257px;">Baxter Corporation</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:201px;">60208</td>
			<td style="width:240px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:276px;">Sodium Bicarbonate 50 mEq/50mL</td>
			<td style="width:257px;">Hospira Healthcare Corporation</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:201px;">261998</td>
			<td style="width:240px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:276px;">Solu-Medrol 500mg</td>
			<td style="width:257px;">Pfizer Canada Inc.</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:201px;">2367963</td>
			<td style="width:240px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:276px;">Tranexamic Acid 1000mg/10mL</td>
			<td style="width:257px;">Pfizer Canada Inc.</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:201px;">2064413</td>
			<td style="width:240px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:276px;">University of Wisconsin Solution, SPS-1</td>
			<td style="width:257px;">Organ Recovery Systms</td>
			<td style="width:201px;">SPS-1</td>
			<td style="width:240px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:276px;">Xylocaine Endotracheal 10mg/50mL</td>
			<td style="width:257px;">AstraZeneca</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:201px;">2003767</td>
			<td style="width:240px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;"></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;width:276px;">Appose ULC 35W skin stapler</td>
			<td style="width:257px;">Covidien Canada</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:201px;">803712</td>
			<td style="width:240px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;width:276px;">Maxon, 1</td>
			<td style="width:257px;">Covidien Canada</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:201px;">606173</td>
			<td style="width:240px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;width:276px;">Sofsilk, 0</td>
			<td style="width:257px;">Covidien Canada</td>
			<td style="width:201px;">S606</td>
			<td style="width:240px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;width:276px;">Sofsilk, 2-0</td>
			<td style="width:257px;">Covidien Canada</td>
			<td style="width:201px;">S405</td>
			<td style="width:240px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;width:276px;">Sofsilk, 3-0</td>
			<td style="width:257px;">Covidien Canada</td>
			<td style="width:201px;">S404</td>
			<td style="width:240px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;width:276px;">Surgipro II, 4-0</td>
			<td style="width:257px;">Covidien Canada</td>
			<td style="width:201px;">VP581X</td>
			<td style="width:240px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;width:276px;">Surgipro II, 5-0</td>
			<td style="width:257px;">Covidien Canada</td>
			<td style="width:201px;">VP725X</td>
			<td style="width:240px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;width:276px;">Surgipro II, 6-0</td>
			<td style="width:257px;">Covidien Canada</td>
			<td style="width:201px;">VP733X</td>
			<td style="width:240px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;width:276px;"></td>
			<td style="width:257px;"></td>
			<td style="width:201px;"></td>
			<td style="width:240px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;width:276px;">Catheter i.v, 18 G</td>
			<td style="width:257px;">BD Canada</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:201px;">381147</td>
			<td style="width:240px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;width:276px;">Cook TPN catheter, 9.5Fr</td>
			<td style="width:257px;">Cook Medical Company</td>
			<td style="width:201px;">C-TPNS-9.5-90</td>
			<td style="width:240px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;width:276px;">PSI Kit for sheath catheter, 8.5Fr</td>
			<td style="width:257px;">Arrow International</td>
			<td style="width:201px;">ASK-09803-UHN</td>
			<td style="width:240px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;"></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:276px;">Infusion Pump Line</td>
			<td style="width:257px;">Smith Medical ASD Inc.</td>
			<td style="width:201px;">21-0442-25</td>
			<td style="width:240px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:276px;">Liver Admin Set (flush line)</td>
			<td style="width:257px;">CardioMed Supplies Inc</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:201px;">17175</td>
			<td style="width:240px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:276px;">Mallinckrodt, Tracheal Tube, 6.5mm</td>
			<td style="width:257px;">Covidien Canada</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:201px;">86449</td>
			<td style="width:240px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:276px;">Med-Rx Suction Connecting Tube</td>
			<td style="width:257px;">Benlan Inc.</td>
			<td style="width:201px;">70-8120</td>
			<td style="width:240px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:276px;">Organ Bag</td>
			<td style="width:257px;">CardioMed Supplies Inc</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:201px;">2990</td>
			<td style="width:240px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:276px;">Suction Tip</td>
			<td style="width:257px;">Tyco Healthcare Group LP</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:201px;">8888501023</td>
			<td style="width:240px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:276px;">Valleylab, Cautery Pencil</td>
			<td style="width:257px;">Covidien Canada</td>
			<td style="width:201px;">E2515H</td>
			<td style="width:240px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:276px;">Valleylab, Patient Return Electrode</td>
			<td style="width:257px;">Covidien Canada</td>
			<td style="width:201px;">E7507</td>
			<td style="width:240px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:276px;"></td>
			<td style="width:257px;"></td>
			<td style="width:201px;"></td>
			<td style="width:240px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:276px;">Bypass Connector 3/8&#8221; x 1/4&#8220;</td>
			<td style="width:257px;">Raumedic AG</td>
			<td style="width:201px;">955083-001</td>
			<td style="width:240px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:276px;">Bypass Connector 3/8&#8221; x 3/8&#8221; Luer Lock</td>
			<td style="width:257px;">Raumedic AG</td>
			<td style="width:201px;">955163-001</td>
			<td style="width:240px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:276px;">Bypass Connector Y 3/8&#8221; x 3/8&#8221; x 1/4&#8221;</td>
			<td style="width:257px;">Raumedic AG</td>
			<td style="width:201px;">961360-002</td>
			<td style="width:240px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:276px;">Bypass Tubing 1/4&#8221; x 1/16&#8221;</td>
			<td style="width:257px;">Raumedic AG</td>
			<td style="width:201px;">039505-010</td>
			<td style="width:240px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:276px;">Bypass Tubing 3/8&#8221; x 3/32&#8221;</td>
			<td style="width:257px;">Raumedic AG</td>
			<td style="width:201px;">039535-005</td>
			<td style="width:240px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:276px;">Rotaflow Cenrtifugal Pump</td>
			<td style="width:257px;">Maquet-Dynamed</td>
			<td style="width:201px;">HC 2821</td>
			<td style="width:240px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:276px;">Stainless Steel Hose Clamp Ring, 5mm</td>
			<td style="width:257px;">Oetiker</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:201px;">16700007</td>
			<td style="width:240px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;"></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:276px;">Abdominal Retractor</td>
			<td style="width:257px;">Medite GmbH</td>
			<td style="width:201px;">N/A</td>
			<td style="width:240px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:276px;">De Bakey &#8211; Beck, Infrahepatic Cava Clamp</td>
			<td style="width:257px;">Aesculap Inc.</td>
			<td style="width:201px;">FB519R</td>
			<td style="width:240px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:276px;">Diethrich, Atraumaitc Clamp (Portal Vein)</td>
			<td style="width:257px;">Aesculap Inc.</td>
			<td style="width:201px;">FB525R</td>
			<td style="width:240px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:276px;">Gregory Bull Dog Clamp, curved</td>
			<td style="width:257px;">Aesculap Inc.</td>
			<td style="width:201px;">FB382R</td>
			<td style="width:240px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:276px;">Gregory Bull Dog Clamp, straight</td>
			<td style="width:257px;">Aesculap Inc.</td>
			<td style="width:201px;">FB381R</td>
			<td style="width:240px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:276px;">Potts &#8211; De Martel, Scissors</td>
			<td style="width:257px;">Aesculap Inc.</td>
			<td style="width:201px;">BC648R</td>
			<td style="width:240px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:276px;">Satinsky, Suprahepatic Cava Clamp</td>
			<td style="width:257px;">Aesculap Inc.</td>
			<td style="width:201px;">FB605R</td>
			<td style="width:240px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:276px;">Symetrical Tubing Clamp</td>
			<td style="width:257px;">Codman Instruments</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:201px;">198010</td>
			<td style="width:240px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;"></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;width:276px;">Anesthesia Machine, Optimax</td>
			<td style="width:257px;">Moduflex Anesthesia Equipment</td>
			<td style="width:201px;">SN5180</td>
			<td style="width:240px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;width:276px;">Bypass Flow meter, HT 110</td>
			<td style="width:257px;">Transonic Systems Inc.</td>
			<td style="width:201px;">HT110B11106</td>
			<td style="width:240px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;width:276px;">Flow meter probe, H6XL</td>
			<td style="width:257px;">Transonic Systems Inc.</td>
			<td style="width:201px;">H6Xl689</td>
			<td style="width:240px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;width:276px;">Heat Therapy Pump, T/Pump</td>
			<td style="width:257px;">Gaymar Industries Inc</td>
			<td style="width:201px;">TP500-G89D19</td>
			<td style="width:240px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;width:276px;">Infusion Pump 3000</td>
			<td style="width:257px;">SIMS Graseby LTD.</td>
			<td style="width:201px;">SN300050447</td>
			<td style="width:240px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;width:276px;">Isoflurane Vapor 19.1</td>
			<td style="width:257px;">Draeger Medical Canada Inc.</td>
			<td style="width:201px;">N/A</td>
			<td style="width:240px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;width:276px;">Monitor, Datex AS 3</td>
			<td style="width:257px;">Instrumentarium Corp./ Hitachi</td>
			<td style="width:201px;">D-VHC14-23-02</td>
			<td style="width:240px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;width:276px;">Rotaflow Centrifugal Drive Unit</td>
			<td style="width:257px;">Marquet-Dynamed</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:201px;">952301</td>
			<td style="width:240px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;width:276px;">Rotaflow Console</td>
			<td style="width:257px;">Marquet-Dynamed</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:201px;">706035</td>
			<td style="width:240px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;width:276px;">Temperature Therapy Pad</td>
			<td style="width:257px;">Gaymar Industries Inc</td>
			<td style="width:201px;">TP26E</td>
			<td style="width:240px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;width:276px;">Valleylab Force Tx</td>
			<td style="width:257px;">Valleylab Inc.</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:201px;">216151480</td>
			<td style="width:240px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;width:276px;">Ventilator, AV 800</td>
			<td style="width:257px;">DRE Medical Equipment</td>
			<td style="width:201px;">40800AVV</td>
			<td style="width:240px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;width:276px;">Warm Touch, Patient Warming System</td>
			<td style="width:257px;">Nellcor/ Covidien Canada</td>
			<td style="width:201px;">5015300A</td>
			<td style="width:240px;"></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

technique of porcine liver procurement and orthotopic transplantation using an active porto-caval shunt

The success of liver transplantation has resulted in a dramatic organ shortage. Each year, a considerable number of patients on the liver transplantation waiting list die without receiving an organ transplant or are delisted due to disease progression. Even after a successful transplantation, rejection and side effects of immunosuppression remain major concerns for graft survival and patient morbidity. 
Experimental animal research has been essential to the success of liver transplantation and still plays a pivotal role in the development of clinical transplantation practice. In particular, the porcine orthotopic liver transplantation model (OLTx) is optimal for clinically oriented research for its close resemblance to human size, anatomy, and physiology. 
Decompression of intestinal congestion during the anhepatic phase of porcine OLTx is important to guarantee reliable animal survival. The use of an active porto-caval-jugular shunt achieves excellent intestinal decompression. The system can be used for short-term as well as long-term survival experiments. The following protocol contains all technical information for a stable and reproducible liver transplantation model in pigs including post-operative animal care.

In einem ersten Transplantationsstudie einer Heart-Beating-Donor-Modell (HBD, n = 5) wurde mit einem DCD Modell (n = 10) bis 45 min warmer Ischämie in situ ausgesetzt verglichen. In beiden Gruppen wurden Transplantate auf Eis für 10 Stunden nach der Auftragsvergabe aufbewahrt. In der HBD-Gruppe 100% der Empfänger Schweine überlebten bis zum Ende des Follow-up am Tag 5 nach der Transplantation. In der DCD-Gruppe, nur 50% der Empfänger überlebte Schweine für 5 Tage durch Gerinnungsprobleme oder Stoffwechselentgleisung, als Folge der verminderten postoperativen Leberfunktion. Alle Blutproben wurden aus dem zentralen Venenkatheter gesammelt. Nach der Zentrifugation wurden Serumproben gewonnen und auf hepatozellulären Verletzung (Aspartataminotransferase, AST), Gallenfunktion (Gesamt-Bilirubin und alkalische Phosphatase), und die Leberfunktion (INR) analysiert. 5 - der zeitliche Verlauf eines jeden Markers in den 2 gezeigt ist. <p class="jove_content"&gt; AST-Werte erreichte ihren Höhepunkt nach 24 Stunden (1414 ± 538 U / L in der HBD-Gruppe und 2296 ± 1313 U / L in der DCD-Gruppe, p = 0,13) und nach 5 Tagen wieder auf fast normale Werte. In ähnlicher Weise wurden die alkalische Phosphatase-Werte deutlich nach 36 Stunden in der DCD-Gruppe (224 ± 111 U / l) im Vergleich zu der HBD Gruppe (162 ± 54 U / l, p = 0,27) erhöht. Während Gesamt-Bilirubin war in der HBD-Gruppe stabil (≤ 10 &amp; mgr; mol / L in), sie nach und nach in der DCD-Gruppe bis zum Tag 5 (23 ± 31 &amp; mgr; mol / l, p = 0,43) erhöht. Das große Standardabweichung in der Bilirubin-Werte im DCD-Gruppe zeigt eine eigentümliche Heterogenität Gallen Verletzungen in dieser Gruppe. INR als Marker der Leberfunktion zeigte einen Trend ähnlich dem AST-Werte. Werte erreichte 24 Stunden und wurden auf fast normale Werte nach 5 Tagen wieder hergestellt. Die HBD Gruppe hatten niedrigere Werte mit einem Peak bei 1,47 ± 0,34 im Vergleich zur Gruppe DCD (Peak 1,70 ± 0,36, p = 0,32). Abbildung 1. Schema der porto-Kava-Shunt jugular. Der Bypass ist mit Ringer-Lactat-Lösung gefüllt. Dann wird der Kava-Teil mit einer Schlauchklemme festgeklemmt ist, werden die Halsschlagader und der Milz Teile zu den voreingestellten Katheter angeschlossen ist, wird der Bypass geöffnet und die Kreiselpumpe nach Pfortader Klemm gestartet. Nach Leberresektion ist die Kava-Teil der Bypass eingelegt und in der infrahepatische Hohlvene Stumpf auf die Nierenvenen gesichert, Schädel. Die Schlauchklemme gelöst wird, um caval Dekompression zu ermöglichen, zusätzlich zu dem Portal Dekompression. <img alt="Figur 2" src="/files/ftp_upload/52055/52055fig2.jpg" /> Abbildung 2. Aspartat-Aminotransferase (AST) (HBD n = 5, DCD n = 10). AST ist ein empfindlicher Marker der Leberzellschädigung. Der Peak Achterner 24 Stunden in der HBD niedriger als in der DCD-Gruppe, was auf weniger Leber Reperfusionsschaden; die kleinere Standardabweichung zeigt homogenere Ergebnisse in der HBD-Gruppe. <img alt="Figur 3" src="/files/ftp_upload/52055/52055fig3.jpg" /> Abbildung 3. Gesamtbilirubin (HBD n = 5, DCD n = 10). Gesamtbilirubin, als Marker der biliäre Clearance und Gallen Integrität, eine stabile und homogene Trend mit Werten unter 10 &amp; mgr; mol / l in der HBD-Gruppe. Das Bilirubin Kurve im DCD Gruppe graduell über die Zeit und zeigt eine hohe Standardabweichung, was darauf hindeutet, Gallenschäden nur in einem Teil der Versuchsgruppe. <img alt="Figur 4" src="/files/ftp_upload/52055/52055fig4.jpg" /> Abbildung 4. Die alkalische Phosphatase (HBD n = 5, DCD n = 10). Die alkalische Phosphatase is einen Indikator für Gallen Verletzungen. Die Werte für die HBD-Gruppe sind niedriger als die der DCD-Gruppe, die weniger Gallen Verletzung impliziert. <img alt="Figur 5" src="/files/ftp_upload/52055/52055fig5.jpg" /> Abbildung 5. INR (HBD n = 5, DCD n = 10). Ein hoher Wert zeigt INR verminderten Leberfunktion aufgrund der verringerten Freisetzung von Gerinnungsfaktoren. In beiden HBD und DCD Gruppen, kehren die INR-Werte auf normale Werte von 5 Tagen nach der Transplantation, was darauf hindeutet Erholung der Leberfunktion. Die Werte für die HBD-Gruppe erscheinen niedriger.

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Technique of Porcine Liver Procurement and Orthotopic Transplantation using an Active Porto-Caval Shunt at JoVE.com

Technique of Porcine Liver Procurement and Orthotopic Transplantation using an Active Porto-Caval Shunt

Experimental animal research plays a pivotal role in the development of clinical transplantation practice. The porcine orthotopic liver transplantation model (OLTx) closely resembles human conditions and is frequently used in clinically oriented research. The following protocol contains all information for a reliable porcine OLTx model using an active porto-caval-jugular shunt.

Technik der Schweineleber Beschaffung und orthotopen Transplantation mit einem Active Porto-Kava-Shunt

The success of liver transplantation has resulted in a dramatic organ shortage. Each year, a considerable number of patients on the liver transplantation ...

technique-porcine-liver-procurement-orthotopic-transplantation-using

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

16.3K Aufrufe.  Toronto General Hospital. Experimental animal research plays a pivotal role in the development of clinical transplantation practice. The porcine orthotopic liver transplantation model (OLTx) closely resembles human conditions and is frequently used in clinically oriented research. The following protocol contains all information for a reliable porcine OLTx model using an active porto-caval-jugular shunt.

Serie: Technique of Porcine Liver Procurement and Orthotopic Transplantation using an Active Porto-Caval Shunt

Orthotopic Small Bowel Transplantation in Rats

Small bowel transplantation has become an accepted clinical option for patients with short gut syndrome and failure of parenteral nutrition (irreversible intestinal failure). In specialized centers improved operative and managing strategies have led to excellent short- and intermediate term patient and graft survival while providing high quality of life 1,3. Unlike in the more common transplantation of other solid organs (i.e. heart, liver) many underlying mechanisms of graft function and immunologic alterations induced by intestinal transplantation are not entirely known6,7. Episodes of acute rejection, sepsis and chronic graft failure are the main obstacles still contributing to less favorable long term outcome and hindering a more widespread employment of the procedure despite a growing number of patients on home parenteral nutrition who would potentially benefit from such a transplant. The small intestine contains a large number of passenger leucocytes commonly referred to as part of the gut associated lymphoid system (GALT) this being part of the reason for the high immunogenity of the intestinal graft. The presence and close proximity of many commensals and pathogens in the gut explains the severity of sepsis episodes once graft mucosal integrity is compromised (for example by rejection). To advance the field of intestinal- and multiorgan transplantation more data generated from reliable and feasible animal models is needed. The model provided herein combines both reliability and feasibility once established in a standardized manner and can provide valuable insight in the underlying complex molecular, cellular and functional mechanisms that are triggered by intestinal transplantation. We have successfully used and refined the described procedure over more than 5 years in our laboratory 8-11. The JoVE video-based format is especially useful to demonstrate the complex procedure and avoid initial pitfalls for groups planning to establish an orthotopic rodent model investigating intestinal transplantation.

Small bowel transplantation has become an accepted treatment option for patients with irreversible intestinal failure. Our experimental model of orthotopic small bowel transplantation in rats serves as a reliable tool to address underlying immunologic and inflammatory processes that complicate intestinal transplantation.

Orthotopen Dünndarm Transplantation in Ratten

Small  bowel transplantation has become an accepted clinical option for patients with  short gut syndrome and failure of parenteral nutrition ...

Forschung

Medizin

Orthotopic Liver Transplantation in Rats

Clinical progress in the field of liver transplantation has been largely supported by animal models1,2. Since the publication of the first orthotopic rat liver transplantation in 1979 by Kamada et al.3, this model has remained the gold standard despite various proposed alternative techniques4. Nevertheless, its broader use is limited by its steep learning curve5.
In this video paper, we show a simple and easy-to-establish revision of Kamada's two-cuff technique. The suprahepatic vena cava anastomosis is performed manually with a running suture, and the vena porta and infrahepatic vena cava anastomoses are performed utilizing a quick-linker cuff system6. Manufacturing the quick-linker kit is shown in a separate video paper.

We present an easy-to-establish revision of the classical two-cuff technique for orthotopic liver transplantation in rat.

Lebertransplantation bei der Ratte

Clinical progress in the field of liver transplantation has been largely supported by animal models1,2. Since the publication of the first orthotopic rat ...

Surgical Procedures for a Rat Model of Partial Orthotopic Liver Transplantation with Hepatic Arterial Reconstruction

Orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) in rats using a whole or partial graft is an indispensable experimental model for transplantation research, such as studies on graft preservation and ischemia-reperfusion injury 1,2, immunological responses 3,4, hemodynamics 5,6, and small-for-size syndrome 7. The rat OLT is among the most difficult animal models in experimental surgery and demands advanced microsurgical skills that take a long time to learn. Consequently, the use of this model has been limited. Since the reliability and reproducibility of results are key components of the experiments in which such complex animal models are used, it is essential for surgeons who are involved in rat OLT to be trained in well-standardized and sophisticated procedures for this model.
While various techniques and modifications of OLT in rats have been reported 8 since the first model was described by Lee et al. 9 in 1973, the elimination of the hepatic arterial reconstruction 10 and the introduction of the cuff anastomosis technique by Kamada et al. 11 were a major advancement in this model, because they simplified the reconstruction procedures to a great degree. In the model by Kamada et al., the hepatic rearterialization was also eliminated. Since rats could survive without hepatic arterial flow after liver transplantation, there was considerable controversy over the value of hepatic arterialization. However, the physiological superiority of the arterialized model has been increasingly acknowledged, especially in terms of preserving the bile duct system 8,12 and the liver integrity 8,13,14.
In this article, we present detailed surgical procedures for a rat model of OLT with hepatic arterial reconstruction using a 50% partial graft after ex vivo liver resection. The reconstruction procedures for each vessel and the bile duct are performed by the following methods: a 7-0 polypropylene continuous suture for the supra- and infrahepatic vena cava; a cuff technique for the portal vein; and a stent technique for the hepatic artery and the bile duct.

Orthotopic liver transplantation in rats is an indispensable experimental model for biomedical research. Here we present our surgical procedures for orthotopic rat liver transplantation with hepatic arterial reconstruction using a 50% partial graft.

Chirurgische Verfahren für eine Ratte Modell Teilweise Lebertransplantation mit arteriellen Rekonstruktion

Orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) in rats using a whole or partial graft is an indispensable experimental model for transplantation research, such as ...

Using Quantitative Real-time PCR to Determine Donor Cell Engraftment in a Competitive Murine Bone Marrow Transplantation Model

Murine bone marrow transplantation models provide an important tool in measuring hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) functions and determining genes/molecules that regulate HSCs. In these transplant model systems, the function of HSCs is determined by the ability of these cells to engraft and reconstitute lethally irradiated recipient mice. Commonly, the donor cell contribution/engraftment is measured by antibodies to donor- specific cell surface proteins using flow cytometry. However, this method heavily depends on the specificity and the ability of the cell surface marker to differentiate donor-derived cells from recipient-originated cells, which may not be available for all mouse strains. Considering the various backgrounds of genetically modified mouse strains in the market, this cell surface/ flow cytometry-based method has significant limitations especially in mouse strains that lack well-defined surface markers to separate donor cells from congenic recipient cells. Here, we reported a PCR-based technique to determine donor cell engraftment/contribution in transplant recipient mice. We transplanted male donor bone marrow HSCs to lethally irradiated congenic female mice. Peripheral blood samples were collected at different time points post transplantation. Bone marrow samples were obtained at the end of the experiments. Genomic DNA was isolated and the Y chromosome specific gene, Zfy1, was amplified using quantitative Real time PCR. The engraftment of male donor-derived cells in the female recipient mice was calculated against standard curve with known percentage of male vs. female DNAs. Bcl2 was used as a reference gene to normalize the total DNA amount. Our data suggested that this approach reliably determines donor cell engraftment and provides a useful, yet simple method in measuring hematopoietic cell reconstitution in murine bone marrow transplantation models. Our method can be routinely performed in most laboratories because no costly equipment such as flow cytometry is required.

Determining donor cell engraftment presents a challenge in mouse bone marrow transplant models that lack well-defined phenotypical markers. We described a methodology to quantify male donor cell engraftment in female transplant recipient mice. This method can be used in all mouse strains for the study of HSC functions.

Mittels quantitativer real-time PCR zum Donor Cell Engraftment in einem Competitive Murine Bone Marrow Transplantation Modell fest

Murine bone marrow transplantation models provide an important tool in measuring hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) functions and determining genes/molecules ...

Orthotopic Hind Limb Transplantation in the Mouse

In vivo animal model systems, and in particular mouse models, have evolved into powerful and versatile scientific tools indispensable to basic and translational research in the field of transplantation medicine. A vast array of reagents is available exclusively in this setting, including mono- and polyclonal antibodies for both diagnostic and interventional applications. In addition, a vast number of genotyped, inbred, transgenic, and knock out strains allow detailed investigation of the individual contributions of humoral and cellular components to the complex interplay of an immune response and make the mouse the gold standard for immunological research. 
Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation (VCA) delineates a novel field of transplantation using allografts to replace "like with like" in patients suffering traumatic or congenital tissue loss. This surgical methodological protocol shows the use of a non-suture cuff technique for super-microvascular anastomosis in an orthotopic mouse hind limb transplantation model. The model specifically allows for comparison between established paradigms in solid organ transplantation with a novel form of transplants consisting of various different tissue components. Uniquely, this model allows for the transplantation of a viable vascularized bone marrow compartment and niche that have the potential to exert a beneficial effect on the balance of immune acceptance and rejection. This technique provides a tool to investigate alloantigen recognition and allograft rejection and acceptance, as well as enables the pursuit of functional nerve regeneration studies to further advance this novel field of transplantation.

This novel model for orthotopic hind limb transplantation in the mouse, applying a non-suture cuff technique for super-microvascular anastomosis, provides a powerful tool for in&#160;vivo mechanistic immunological research related to vascularized composite allotransplantation (VCA).

Orthotopische Hind Gliedmaßen Transplantation in der Maus

In vivo animal model systems, and in particular mouse models, have evolved into powerful and versatile scientific tools indispensable to basic and ...

Using the Sleeve Technique in a Mouse Model of Aortic Transplantation - An Instructional Video

Orthotopic aortic transplantation using the sleeve technique reduces injury to the aorta with failure rate of only 10-20%. The time to anastomose the aorta in mice using the sleeve method was short and easy averaging 20 min, permitting studies of iso/allo grafts. The following article describes the aortic transplantation procedure used in our laboratory. The mice were anesthetized with a mixture of 1.5% volume isoflurane and 100% oxygen through a face mask. At this point, the segment of the aorta between the renal arteries and its bifurcation was separated from the vena cava, freely prepared and clampedat the proximal and distal segments with a single silk suture. Prior to the removal of the aorta, a saline solution containing heparin was injected into the inferior vena cava. Then the aorta was cut between the clamps and a saline heparin solution was used to flush the lumen. The sleeve technique with monofilament sutures was used in order to transplant the abdominal aorta in the orthotopic position.

We present an orthotopic aortic transplantation model using the sleeve technique in mice. It is a very rapid anastomosis method, which can be employed in studies of vascular disease.

Mit Hilfe der Sleeve-Technik in einem Mausmodell der Aorta Transplantation - ein Lehr-Video

Orthotopic aortic transplantation using the sleeve technique reduces injury to the aorta with failure rate of only 10-20%. The time to anastomose the ...

A Rat Model of Orthotopic Liver Transplantation Using a Novel Magnetic Anastomosis Technique for Suprahepatic Vena Cava Reconstruction

The rat model of orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) is essential for transplant research. It is a very sophisticated animal model and requires a steep learning curve. The introduction of the cuff technique for anastomosis of the portal vein (PV) and infrahepatic vena cava (IHVC) has significantly simplified the transplant procedure in rats. However, due to the short anterior wall of the recipients' suprahepatic vena cava (SHVC), the cuff technique is very difficult to use for the reconstruction of the SHVC. Most researchers in this field still use the hand-suture technique for SHVC reconstruction, which makes it the bottleneck step in rat orthotopic liver transplantation. The magnetic anastomosis technique (i.e., magnamosis) is a method of connecting two vessels using the attractive force between two magnets. Our recent study has shown that the magnetic anastomosis technique is superior to the hand-suture technique for SHVC reconstruction in rats. In this article, we show a step-by-step protocol for SHVC reconstruction in rats using the novel magnetic anastomosis technique. In this model, the reconstruction of the PV and IHVC was performed by the standard cuff technique, while the reconstruction of the bile duct (BD) was performed by a stent technique. The hepatic re-arterialization was not performed. The magnetic anastomosis technique made SHVC reconstruction much easier and significantly shortened the anphepatic phase. After a reasonable learning curve, even researchers without advanced microsurgical skills can produce reliable and reproducible results using this rat model of OLT.

The reconstruction of the suprahepatic vena cava (SHVC) remains a difficult step in rat orthotopic liver transplantation. In this article, we show a step-by-step protocol for SHVC reconstruction in rats using a novel magnetic anastomosis technique.

Einem Rattenmodell der orthotopen Lebertransplantation mit einer neuartigen magnetischen Anastomose-Technik für Suprahepatic Vena Cava Wiederaufbau

The rat model of orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) is essential for transplant research. It is a very sophisticated animal model and requires a steep ...

A Pre-Clinical Porcine Model of Orthotopic Heart Transplantation

Fifty-years following the first successful report, cardiac transplantation remains the gold-standard treatment for eligible patients with advanced heart failure. Multiple small-animal models of heart transplantation have been used to study the acute and long-term effects of novel therapies. However, few are tested and demonstrated success in clinical trials. It is of critical importance to evaluate new therapies in a clinically relevant large-animal model for efficient and reliable translation of basic studies&#39;&#160;findings. Here, we describe a pre-clinical large-animal (porcine) model of orthotopic heart transplantation that has been firmly established and previously used to investigate novel cardioprotective strategies. This procedure focuses on acute ischemia-reperfusion injury and is a reliable method to investigate novel interventions which have been tested and validated in smaller experimental models, such as the murine model. We demonstrate its usefulness in assessing cardiac performance during the early post-transplantation period and other potential possibilities enabled by the model.

Here, we describe a pre-clinical large-animal (porcine) model of orthotopic heart transplantation that has been firmly established and utilized to investigate novel cardioprotective strategies.

Ein präklinisches Porcine-Modell der orthotopischen Herztransplantation

Fifty-years following the first successful report, cardiac transplantation remains the gold-standard treatment for eligible patients with advanced heart ...

Reduced Complications after Arterial Reconnection in a Rat Model of Orthotopic Liver Transplantation

The rat orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) model is a powerful tool to study acute and chronic rejection. However, it is not a complete representation of human liver transplantation due to the absence of arterial reconnection. Described here is a modified transplantation procedure that includes the incorporation of hepatic artery (HA) reconnection, leading to a marked improvement in transplant outcomes. With a mean anhepatic time of 12 min and 14 s, HA reconnection results in improved perfusion of the transplanted liver and an increase in long-term recipient survival from 37.5% to 88.2%. This protocol includes the use of 3D-printed cuffs and holders to connect the portal vein and infrahepatic inferior vena cava. It can be implemented for studying multiple aspects of liver transplantation, from immune response and infection to technical aspects of the procedure. By incorporating a simple and practical method for arterial reconnection using a microvascular technique, this modified rat OLT protocol closely mimics aspects of human liver transplantation and will serve as a valuable and clinically relevant research model.

The goal of this study is to modify the rat orthotopic liver transplant model to better represent human liver transplantation and improve recipient survival. The presented method reestablishes hepatic arterial inflow by connecting the donor liver&#39;s common hepatic artery to the recipient liver&#39;s proper hepatic artery.

Reduzierte Komplikationen nach arterieller Wiederverbindung in einem Rattenmodell der orthotopischen Lebertransplantation

The rat orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) model is a powerful tool to study acute and chronic rejection. However, it is not a complete representation ...

Orthotopic Kidney Auto-Transplantation in a Porcine Model Using 24 Hours Organ Preservation And Continuous Telemetry

In the present era of organ transplantation with critical organ shortage, various strategies are employed to expand the pool of available allografts for kidney transplantation (KT). Even though, the use of allografts from extended criteria donors (ECD) could partially ease the shortage of organ donors, ECD organs carry a potentially higher risk for inferior outcomes and postoperative complications. Dynamic organ preservation techniques, modulation of ischemia-reperfusion and preservation injury, and allograft therapies are in the spotlight of scientific interest in an effort to improve allograft utilization and patient outcomes in KT.
Preclinical animal experiments are playing an essential role in translational research, especially in the medical device and drug development. The major advantage of the porcine orthotopic auto-transplantation model over ex vivo or small animal studies lies within the surgical-anatomical and physiological similarities to the clinical setting. This allows the investigation of new therapeutic methods and techniques and ensures a facilitated clinical translation of the findings. This protocol provides a comprehensive and problem-oriented description of the porcine orthotopic kidney auto-transplantation model, using a preservation time of 24 hours and telemetry monitoring. The combination of sophisticated surgical techniques with highly standardized and state-of-the-art methods of anesthesia, animal housing, perioperative follow up, and monitoring ensure the reproducibility and success of this model.

Large animal models play an essential role in preclinical transplantation research. Due to its similarities to the clinical setup, the porcine model of orthotopic kidney auto-transplantation described in this article provides an excellent in vivo setting for the testing of organ preservation techniques and therapeutic interventions.

Orthotopische Nieren-Autotransplantation in einem Schweinemodell mit 24 Stunden Organkonservierung und kontinuierlicher Telemetrie

In the present era of organ transplantation with critical organ shortage, various strategies are employed to expand the pool of available allografts for ...