Name: comparing objective conjunctival hyperemia grading and the ocular surface disease index score in dry eye syndrome during covid-19
Uploaded: 2022-05-25T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Comparing Objective Conjunctival Hyperemia Grading and the Ocular Surface Disease Index Score in Dry Eye Syndrome During COVID-19 at JoVE.com

We want to thank all the participants for their help and support in filling out the survey and sending the images of their eyes. The ERC Center grant provided funding for the IRB.

The present study was conducted following the declaration of Helsinki, and the protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Board at Solutions (IRB, 2021/09/14). The study followed the reporting guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki. All the participants provided informed consent for the questionnaire. The survey was conducted entirely online via the Internet. If the participants met the eligibility requirements, the consent forms, research project flier, and OSDI questionnaire were emailed to them. Aft...

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Several previous studies have reported DES using the Schirmer test, tear break-up time (TBUT), and the OSDI score12. The present study used the AOS software to determine the DES using the limbal redness. One of the important critical protocol steps is to have a clear image of the eyes; if the image is blurry, determining the limbal redness is very challenging, and most likely, accurate readings are not obtained. When all the images are collected, one of the troubleshooting techniques is to check t...

COVID-19, caused by a SARS-COV-2 virus infection, was discovered in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. Meduri et al.1 reported a high prevalence rate of mild ocular symptoms in COVID-19 patients. In Italy, eye surgical procedures were reduced due to the pandemic2. Since the outbreak, many have been working from home and wearing masks as a precaution. Each of these elements and the use of digital devices and online learning3 contributed to dry eye syndrome (DES) and eye strain3,4, respectively. Furthermore, there is evidence that wearing masks can cause DES. Wearing the mask may cause tear evaporation and conjunctival discomfort5. Giannaccare et al. reported that 10.3% of the individuals had rising ocular discomfort symptoms during the pandemic, and the mean score of the OSDI was 21, with a mean age of 28.5 years old6.
A cross-sectional study in Japan reported that the percentage of Japanese women who had a combined result of definite or probable dry eye disease was 76.5%, greater than the percentage of men office employees who utilized Visual Display Terminal7. According to Inomata et al., prolonged screen exposure of more than 8 h/day has been linked to the symptomatic dry eye compared to less than 4 h/day8. The OSDI has proven to be a valid and reliable questionnaire for assessing the severity of DES9,10. The AOS software has been used to determine conjunctival hyperemia, and it has been proven to be a very valid software11.
The present study investigated how common DES is in healthy people aged 20-45. An Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire was given to 40 people remotely from October 31, 2021, to December 1, 2021, for conducting the test. The AOS and OSDI surveys were used to assess DES. Finally, the two grading methods were compared: the OSDI score and the AOS software. The participants had to first fill up an eligibility questionnaire, which included the following inclusion criteria: (1) Healthy individuals; (2) Age range of 20-45 years; (3) The participants had to be located in the United States.

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>AOS SOFTWARE</td>
			<td>Advanced Ophthalmic Systems</td>
			<td>SPARCA</td>
			<td>software to access limbal redness</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Microsoft excel</td>
			<td>Microsoft</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>for data collection and analysis</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

comparing objective conjunctival hyperemia grading and the ocular surface disease index score in dry eye syndrome during covid-19

The incidence of dry eye syndrome (DES) has increased due to wearing masks, utilizing digital devices, and working remotely during the pandemic. A survey was conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic to determine the prevalence of dry eye syndrome. A cross-sectional study investigated how prevalent DES is during COVID-19 in healthy patients aged 20-45 in the United States. An Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire was given to 40 individuals remotely from October 31, 2021, to December 1, 2021. The AOS and the OSDI survey were used to evaluate DES. The subjects were 29 years old on average (SD 14.14), with 23 males (57.5%) and 17 females (42.5%). According to the OSDI survey, low DES, moderate DES, and severe DES had prevalence rates of 15%, 77.5%, and 7.5%, respectively. White (W) people represent 50% of the population, while African Americans (AA) represent 35%, Asians represent 7.5%, and Hispanics represent 7.5%. Mild DES affected 77.5% of subjects, with 64.50% males and 35.50% females. According to the AOS objective grading system, mild (M) DES, moderate (MO) DES, and severe (S) DES had prevalence rates of 40%, 12.5%, and 15%, respectively. Linear regression was used to compare the two grading systems, and it demonstrated a strong relationship between the two grading systems.

The subjects were 29 years old on average (mean &#177; SD, 29 &#177; 14.14), with 23 males (57.5%) and 17 females (42.5%) (Table 2). White people account for 50% of the population, while African Americans account for 35%, Asians account for 7.5%, and Hispanics account for 7.5% (Figure 2). The average survey score of the OSDI was 6.17 &#177; 6.24, 37.94 &#177; 5.07, 46 &#177; 0 for low, moderate, and high (Figure 3). According to the OSDI Survey,...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Comparing Objective Conjunctival Hyperemia Grading and the Ocular Surface Disease Index Score in Dry Eye Syndrome During COVID-19 at JoVE.com

Comparing Objective Conjunctival Hyperemia Grading and the Ocular Surface Disease Index Score in Dry Eye Syndrome During COVID-19

The present protocol describes the cross-sectional research performed on 40 healthy subjects between the ages of 20 and 45 to assess the prevalence of dry eye syndrome (DES) during COVID-19. The OSDI survey evaluated DES, and the advanced ophthalmic systems (AOS) software was used to assess limbal redness.

The incidence of dry eye syndrome (DES) has increased due to wearing masks, utilizing digital devices, and working remotely during the pandemic. A survey ...

Currently, though OSDI survey is commonly used to assess dry eye syndrome, the AOS software will be used to objectively determine the dry eye syndrome using the redness grading system. The main advantage of using the AOS software is to objectively assess dry eye syndrome. For surveying the prevalence of dry eye syndrome, or DES, email the Ocular Surface Disease Index, or OSDI questionnaire, to the participants, with informed consent.Based on the response to the questionnaire, score the participants. Depending on the OSDI score, classify the patients into low, moderate, and high categories. For DES evaluation by the Advanced Ophthalmic Systems or AOS software, first, take pictures of the subject's eyes, one eye at a time, and assign the subject ID number, and save the subject ID.To add a subject, click on the Add tab.Then, fill in the Title tab. Next, fill in the first name, surname, date of birth, and email address, and confirm the email address. Then, fill in the National Health Service ID and the medical record number.Next, fill in the Note tab, and click on Save. Now, select the subject ID.Then, click on Add/View Images. Then click on plus Add.To upload the image to AOS for limbal redness evaluation, first, click on the New Exam tab, followed by the Image Plus tab, and add the right eye image. Click on the Selected Media tab. After that, click on the Bulbar icon, followed by the Area tab, and Analysis bulbar redness grading scale, zero to four.For image analysis, first, click on the image beginning at the limbal area close to the pupil border, and follow a pattern to cover the limbal area. Then, click on Save analysis. Next, click on the redness map.And Save analysis. Finally, click on Generate Report. For generating PDF, click on both images, and similarly add the left eye image.For grading the limbal redness using the AOS software, analyze the images for bulbar conjunctival redness, with a validated objective grading software, using the bulbar redness function in the limbal areas of the conjunctiva, using an automatic continuous grading of zero to four, in 0.1 unit. For data analysis, first, create a Microsoft Excel table, summarizing the subject ID, age, gender, race, OSDI score, and the limbal redness. Then calculate the age, OSDI score, and the limbal redness score, along with their means and standard deviations, using Excel.To calculate the percentage of low DES prevalence, divide the number of subjects with low DES by the total number of subjects, and multiply by 100. Similarly, calculate the percentage of prevalence of moderate and severe DES. To determine the relationship between the OSDI and AOS redness scores, perform a linear regression analysis, with the mean of the two values, and the difference between the two means, in Excel.Also determine the P value. In this study, the scores obtained from the OSDI questionnaire were used to characterize the participants of the survey. The survey showed that the prevalence rates of low DES, moderate DES, and severe DES, were 15, 77.5, and 7.5%respectively.The AOS software was used for the gradation of the participants, according to the degree of redness of their eyes. The AOS objective grading system showed that the prevalence rates of mild DES, moderate DES, and severe DES were 27.5, 12.5, and 10%respectively. Linear regression analysis demonstrated that the two systems of gradation have a strong relationship with one another.Make sure that the images taken by the subjects are clear and focused. Otherwise, then, AOS software won't give you accurate data. After using AOS weight software to determine the dry eye syndrome, we can compare the results to the OSDI survey, which is considered the gold standard to assess dry eye syndrome.The AOS software can objectively assess dry eye syndrome in patients.

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