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Brigham Young University

10 ARTICLES PUBLISHED IN JoVE

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Bioengineering

Synthetic, Multi-Layer, Self-Oscillating Vocal Fold Model Fabrication
Preston R. Murray 1, Scott L. Thomson 1
1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Brigham Young University

The methodology for fabricating synthetic vocal fold models is described. The models are life-sized and mimic the multi-layer structure of the human vocal folds. Results show the models to self-oscillate at pressures comparable to lung pressure and demonstrate flow-induced vibratory responses that are similar to those of human vocal folds.

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Engineering

Determining 3D Flow Fields via Multi-camera Light Field Imaging
Tadd T. Truscott 1, Jesse Belden 2, Joseph R. Nielson 1, David J. Daily 1, Scott L. Thomson 1
1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Brigham Young University, 2Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Newport, RI

A technique for performing quantitative three-dimensional (3D) imaging for a range of fluid flows is presented. Using concepts from the area of Light Field Imaging, we reconstruct 3D volumes from arrays of images. Our 3D results span a broad range including velocity fields and multi-phase bubble size distributions.

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Engineering

Characterization of Anisotropic Leaky Mode Modulators for Holovideo
Scott Gneiting 1, Jacob Kimball 1, Andrew Henrie 1, Stephen McLaughlin 1, Taylor DeGraw 1, Daniel Smalley 1
1Electrical Engineering, Brigham Young University

This work describes fabrication and characterization of anisotropic leaky mode modulators for holographic video.

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Developmental Biology

Rearing the Fruit Fly Drosophila melanogaster Under Axenic and Gnotobiotic Conditions
Melinda L. Koyle 1, Madeline Veloz 1, Alec M. Judd 1, Adam C.-N. Wong 2,4, Peter D. Newell 2,5, Angela E. Douglas 2,3, John M. Chaston 1,2
1Department of Plant and Wildlife Sciences, Brigham Young University, 2Department of Entomology, Cornell University, 3Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, 4Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 5Biological Sciences, SUNY Oswego

A method for rearing Drosophila melanogaster under axenic and gnotobiotic conditions is presented. Fly embryos are dechorionated in sodium hypochlorite, transferred aseptically to sterile diet, and reared in closed containers. Inoculating diet and embryos with bacteria leads to gnotobiotic associations, and bacterial presence is confirmed by plating whole-body Drosophila homogenates.

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Medicine

Induction and Assessment of Exertional Skeletal Muscle Damage in Humans
Michael R. Deyhle *1, Jacob R. Sorensen *1, Robert D. Hyldahl 1
1Exercise Sciences, Brigham Young University

This article describes a safe and reliable method to induce and quantify exertional skeletal muscle damage in human subjects.

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Biology

High-resolution Respirometry to Measure Mitochondrial Function of Intact Beta Cells in the Presence of Natural Compounds
Kyle B. Kener 1, Devin J. Munk 1, Chad R. Hancock 1, Jeffery S. Tessem 1
1Nutrition, Dietetics and Food Science Department, Brigham Young University

The goal of this protocol is to measure the effect of glucose-mediated changes to mitochondrial respiration in the presence of natural compounds on intact 832/13 beta cells using high-resolution respirometry.

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Environment

Measuring Enzymatic Stability by Isothermal Titration Calorimetry
W. K. Dindi Chan 1, Marco Mason 1, Lee D. Hansen 2, Jason Donald Kenealey 1
1Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food Science, Brigham Young University, 2Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University

The thermal stability of enzyme activity is readily measured by isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). Most protein stability assays currently used measure protein unfolding, but do not provide information about enzymatic activity. ITC enables direct determination of the effect of enzyme modifications on the stability of enzyme activity.

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Engineering

Fabrication and Testing of Miniature Automatic Photophoretic Trapping Rigs
Riley Kuttler 1, Dylan Barton 1, Brenden Weaver 1, Alexander Steffan 1, Braden Huffman 1, Steven Griffith 1, Daniel Smalley 1
1Electrical Engineering, Brigham Young University

This work describes and characterizes the fabrication of miniature automatic photophoretic trapping rigs.

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Immunology and Infection

Measuring Dynamic Glycosomal pH Changes in Living Trypanosoma brucei
Daniel Call *1, Sabrina S. Pizarro *2,3, Erica Tovey 1, Emily Knight 2,3, Carrie Baumgardner 2,4, Kenneth A. Christensen 1, James C. Morris 2
1Department Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, 2Eukaryotic Pathogens Innovation Center, Clemson University, 3Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, 4Department of Physics and Astronomy, Clemson University

We describe a method to study how pH responds to environmental cues in the glycosomes of the bloodstream form of African trypanosomes. This approach involves a pH-sensitive heritable protein sensor in combination with flow cytometry to measure pH dynamics, both as a time-course assay and in a high-throughput screen format.

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High-Quality Seizure-Like Activity from Acute Brain Slices Using a Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor High-Density Microelectrode Array System

High-Quality Seizure-Like Activity from Acute Brain Slices Using a Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor High-Density Microelectrode Array System
Melissa L. Blotter *1,2, Isaac W. Stubbs *1,2, Jacob H. Norby *1,2, Maxwell Holmes 1,2, Ben Kearsley 3, Alexis Given 1, Kutter Hine 1,4, Micah R. Shepherd 5, R. Ryley Parrish 1,2
1Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Brigham Young University, 2Neuroscience Center, Brigham Young University, 3Department of Statistics, Brigham Young University, 4Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, 5Department of Physics and Astronomy, Brigham Young University

Here, we outline a protocol for using complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor high-density microelectrode array systems (CMOS-HD-MEAs) to record seizure-like activity from ex vivo brain slices.

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