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Capítulo 20

The First Law of Thermodynamics

Sistemas Termodinámicos
Sistemas Termodinámicos
A thermodynamic system is a set of objects whose thermodynamic properties are of interest. The system is considered to be embedded in its surroundings or ...
Trabajo realizado durante el cambio de volumen
Trabajo realizado durante el cambio de volumen
In mechanics, work is done on an object when the force acting on it displaces the object. In thermodynamics, work done on a system can be estimated when ...
Camino entre los estados termodinámicos
Camino entre los estados termodinámicos
Consider the two thermodynamic processes involving an ideal gas that are represented by paths AC and ABC in Figure 1: In the first process for path A to ...
Calor y expansión libre
Calor y expansión libre
The work done by a thermodynamic system depends not only on the initial and final states but also on the intermediate states—that is, on the path. ...
Energía interna
Energía interna
The internal energy of a thermodynamic system is the sum of the kinetic and potential energies of all the molecules or entities in the system. The kinetic ...
Primera Ley de la Termodinámica
Primera Ley de la Termodinámica
A change in the internal energy of a system depends on the the net heat transfer into the system and the net work done by the system. The first law of ...
Primera Ley de la Termodinámica: Resolución de Problemas
Primera Ley de la Termodinámica: Resolución de Problemas
The first law of thermodynamics states that the change in internal energy of the system is equal to the net heat transfer into the system minus the net ...
Procesos cíclicos y sistemas aislados
Procesos cíclicos y sistemas aislados
A thermodynamic system with zero heat exchange and work is an isolated system. For these systems, the internal energy remains constant. In the case of a ...
Procesos Isotérmicos
Procesos Isotérmicos
A thermodynamic process that occurs at constant temperature is called an isothermal process. Heat slowly flows into the system or out of the system to ...
Procesos isocóricos e isobáricos
Procesos isocóricos e isobáricos
A thermodynamic process that occurs at constant volume is called an isochoric process. According to the first law of thermodynamics, heat supplied or ...
Capacidades caloríficas de un gas ideal I
Capacidades caloríficas de un gas ideal I
Heat capacity is the ratio of heat absorbed by the substance corresponding to its temperature change. It is also called thermal capacity and the SI unit ...
Capacidades caloríficas de un Gas Ideal II
Capacidades caloríficas de un Gas Ideal II
For a system that undergoes a thermodynamic process at a constant volume condition, the heat absorbed is used only to increase the system's internal ...
Capacidades caloríficas de un gas ideal III
Capacidades caloríficas de un gas ideal III
The number of independent ways a gas molecule can move along straight line, rotate, and vibrate is called its degrees of freedom. Supposing d represents ...
Procesos adiabáticos para un gas ideal
Procesos adiabáticos para un gas ideal
When an ideal gas is compressed adiabatically, that is, without adding heat, work is done on it, and its temperature increases. In an adiabatic expansion, ...
Presión y volumen en un proceso adiabático
Presión y volumen en un proceso adiabático
Free expansion of a gas is an adiabatic process. However, there are few differences between free expansion and adiabatic expansion. During free expansion, ...
Trabajo realizado en un proceso adiabático
Trabajo realizado en un proceso adiabático
Consider the adiabatic compression of an ideal gas in the cylinder of an automobile diesel engine. The gasoline vapor is injected into the cylinder of an ...
Potenciales termodinámicos
Potenciales termodinámicos
Thermodynamic potentials are state functions that are extremely useful in analyzing a thermodynamic system. They have dimensions of energy. The four ...
Relaciones termodinámicas de Maxwell
Relaciones termodinámicas de Maxwell
Maxwell's thermodynamic relations are very useful in solving problems in thermodynamics. Each of Maxwell's relations relates a partial ...
Efecto Joule-Thomson
Efecto Joule-Thomson
The Joule-Thomson effect, also known as the Joule-Kelvin effect, describes the temperature change of a fluid when it is forced through a valve or porous ...
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