Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) of the Visual Cortex with Wide-View Retinotopic Stimulation

Summary

We have developed techniques for mapping the visual cortex function utilizing more of the visual field than is commonly used. This approach has the potential to enhance the evaluation of vision disorders and eye diseases.

Abstract

High-resolution retinotopic blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) with a wide-view presentation can be used to functionally map the peripheral and central visual cortex. This method for measuring functional changes of the visual brain allows for functional mapping of the occipital lobe, stimulating >100° (±50°) or more of the visual field, compared to standard fMRI visual presentation setups which usually cover <30° of the visual field. A simple wide-view stimulation system for BOLD fMRI can be set up using common MR-compatible projectors by placing a large mirror or screen close to the subject's face and using only the posterior half of a standard head coil to provide a wide-viewing angle without obstructing their vision. The wide-view retinotopic fMRI map can then be imaged using various retinotopic stimulation paradigms, and the data can be analyzed to determine the functional activity of visual cortical regions corresponding to central and peripheral vision. This method provides a practical, easy-to-implement visual presentation system that can be used to evaluate changes in the peripheral and central visual cortex due to eye diseases such as glaucoma and the vision loss that may accompany them.

Introduction

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is a valuable method to assess changes in regional neurovascular function within the visual cortex in response to stimuli, as changes in regional blood flow correlate to the activation of brain regions^1,2. High-resolution retinotopic blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) signal measurements represent changes in deoxyhemoglobin, which are driven by localized changes in blood flow and blood oxygenation within the brain^1,2. BOLD activity patterns collected from fMRI data can be used to ....

Protocol

Research with human participants was performed in compliance with institutional guidelines at the University of Texas Health Science Center and Stony Brook University, with informed consent obtained from participants for these studies and use of their data.

1. Setup of MRI scanner and imaging protocols

1. For fMRI, use a 3T MRI scanner with multi-channel receiver head coils. Different field strengths can also be used but may present difficulties with signal-to-noise r.......

Discussion

The above protocol for utilization of wide-view retinotopic fMRI is an innovative method to evaluate the effects of vision loss and eye diseases on the brain. Through wide-field retinotopic mapping of the visual cortex with the use of a wider-view screen, this approach allows for a more comprehensive understanding of the visual system's functional organization. This could lead to a better understanding of abnormalities in the brain's visual processing system, which occurs in neurodegeneration, such as in glaucoma

Materials

Name	Company	Catalog Number	Comments
1/4"-20 nylon machine screws, knurled head thumb screw			to attach rod to PVC frame
1-1/4 inch PVC pipe			length of ~5-10 ft is needed
3T MRI scanner	Siemens
6-32 nylon machine screws, rounded head			to attach mirror/screen to rod
8-channel head array coil	Siemens
90 degree PVC elbow, 1-1/4 inch fitting
Acrylic mirror			Width and length of 25-30cm
Acrylic rod			1 inch width, ~ 2 ft long depening on size of scanner bore and head coil
E-Prime	Psychology Software Tools		to prepare and present visual stimuli paradigms
Plywood sheet, 1/2 inch thick			Size should be at least as large as the scanner bore. Cut as bore-sized frame for the projection screen
Rear projection screen			Size should be at least as large as the scanner bore