Este trabajo fue apoyado por una subvención del Instituto Nacional de Artritis y Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas piel, NIH RO1AR054458.

1. Etiquetado de hMSCs con Endorem <ol><li> Las células se cultivan en la confluencia del 80% al menos 18 horas antes de su etiquetado. </li><li> Durante este tiempo, los medios de comunicación etiquetado se prepara añadiendo Endorem a la muestra en una dosis de 100 ug de Fe / ml de suero libre de los medios de comunicación. </li><li> Después de las células son cultivadas a la confluencia, la cultura mediática que se aspira y se lavan las células con PBS 1x o los medios de comunicación libres de suero. </li><li> A continuación, la solución de lavado se aspira y los medios de comunicación etiquetado previamente preparada se añade. Las células se incubaron a 37 º C, 5% CO 2 durante 4 horas. </li><li> Después de la incubación de 4 horas, el etiquetado de medios que se aspira y las células se lavan con PBS y se trypsinized, como de costumbre. </li><li> Una vez trypsinized, se lavan las células 3 veces con PBS y se centrifuga a 400rcf durante 5 minutos. </li><li> Después de este paso de lavado, las células se volvieron a suspender, se cuentan para determinar la viabilidad, y utilizar cuando sea necesario para la experimentación. </li></ol> 2. Preparación de agarosa <ol><li> Después que las células se han etiquetado es el momento de preparar la solución de agarosa. </li><li> En una escala bien, 80 mg de polvo de agarosa se pesan y se añade 2 ml de PBS. </li><li> Esta solución se agita suavemente y autoclave. </li><li> Después de aproximadamente 40 minutos, el líquido de una solución de agarosa se puede sacar del autoclave. El volumen debe ser medido y ajustado de acuerdo con PBS precalentado. </li><li> Entonces la solución se enfría a 42 ° C </li></ol> 3. La creación de MASI <ol><li> Cuando la solución de agarosa ha alcanzado la temperatura deseada, las células se cuentan y se centrifuga por última vez en un tubo de 1,5 ml Eppendorf. </li><li> Después de la centrifugación, el sobrenadante se descarta y las células se mezclan con el DMEM para llegar a una concentración de 30 x 10 6 células / ml. </li><li> Ahora que las células se mezclan con los 42 ° C caliente de agarosa. </li><li> Una punta de la pipeta al frío puede causar agarosa para consolidar dentro de la punta, por lo tanto se recomienda precalentar el extremo caliente al vaso PBS estéril hacia arriba y abajo </li><li> Ahora, el mismo volumen de agarosa, tal como los medios de comunicación es tomada y se mezcla bien con la célula-los medios de comunicación de suspensión a fin de que una suspensión homogénea se crea. </li><li> Mantenga el tubo de Eppendorf en un baño de agua precalentada mientras se mezcla para que la agarosa no se enfría lo suficiente para solidificarse. </li><li> Cuando la suspensión sea homogénea, las células se implantan en el defecto. </li></ol><img src="/files/ftp_upload/1793/1793fig1.jpg" alt="Figura 1" /> Figura 1. Coronal imágenes ponderadas en T2 SE (TR 4000 ms / TE 18,27 ms) de una muestra de la rótula con hMSCs implantado en los defectos del cartílago.

<ol>
	<li>Mauck, R. L., Yuan, X., Tuan, R. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Chondrogenic+differentiation+and+functional+maturation+of+bovine+mesenchymal+stem+cells+in+long-term+agarose+culture.">Chondrogenic differentiation and functional maturation of bovine mesenchymal stem cells in long-term agarose culture.</a> Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 14, 179-189 (2006).</li><li>Pittenger, M. F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Multilineage+potential+of+adult+human+mesenchymal+stem+cells.">Multilineage potential of adult human mesenchymal stem cells.</a> Science. 284, 143-147 (1999).</li><li>Rahfoth, B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Transplantation+of+allograft+chondrocytes+embedded+in+agarose+gel+into+cartilage+defects+of+rabbits.">Transplantation of allograft chondrocytes embedded in agarose gel into cartilage defects of rabbits.</a> Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 6, 50-65 (1998).</li><li>Henning, T. D., Boddington, S., Daldrup-Link, H. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Labeling+hESCs+and+hMSCs+with+iron+oxide+nanoparticles+for+non-invasive+in+vivo+tracking+with+MR+imaging.">Labeling hESCs and hMSCs with iron oxide nanoparticles for non-invasive in vivo tracking with MR imaging.</a> J Vis Exp. , (2008).</li></ol>

El protocolo descrito proporciona una forma reproducible a la etiqueta MSC con nanopartículas de óxido de hierro y estos implantes etiqueta MSC en los defectos del cartílago. Esta técnica no invasiva permite la representación de los trasplantes de células madre en los defectos del cartílago de la RM, que permite una detección precoz de la insuficiencia MASI. Una dislocación o salida de las células marcadas se puede diagnosticar sobre la base de una desaparición de la etiqueta en el sitio del trasplante en las...

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		<th>Material Name</th>
		<th>Type</th>
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		<th>Catalogue Number</th>
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<td>D-MEM High Glucose</td>
<td>Reagent</td>
<td>Sigma</td>
<td>D5648</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>PBS (Ca++, Mg++ free)</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>GIBCO</td>
<td>14190-144</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Trypsin-EDTA 0.05%</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Invitrogen</td>
<td>25399-120</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>FBS</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Hyclone</td>
<td>SH30071.03</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Penicillin/Streptomycin</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>GIBCO</td>
<td>15140-122</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
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<td>Ferumoxides (Endorem)</td>
<td>
</td>
<td>Guerbet</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
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<td>Agarose Typ VII</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Sigma</td>
<td>A9045</td>
<td>Dilute Agarose in PBS to final concentration of 4%</td>
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implantation of ferumoxides labeled human mesenchymal stem cells in cartilage defects

El campo de la ingeniería de tejidos integra los principios de la biología de las células de ingeniería y la medicina hacia la regeneración de las células específicas del tejido funcional. Matriz asociada implantes de células madre (MASI) objetivo de regenerar los defectos del cartílago debido a las lesiones articulación artrítica o traumática. Las células madre adultas mesenquimales (MSC) tiene la capacidad de diferenciarse en células de la línea condrogénica y han mostrado resultados prometedores para tecnologías basadas en células de reparación del cartílago articular. MSC autólogas se pueden aislar de una variedad de tejidos, se puede ampliar en cultivos de células, sin perder su potencial de diferenciación, y han demostrado diferenciación condrogénica in vitro e in vivo 1, 2. A fin de proporcionar la retención local y la viabilidad de las MSC trasplantadas en los defectos del cartílago, un andamio es necesario, lo cual también es compatible con la diferenciación y la proliferación posterior. La arquitectura de la formación de tejido andamio guías y los permisos de la matriz extracelular, producida por las células madre, para ampliar. Investigaciones anteriores han demostrado que un 2% de agarosa al andamio puede apoyar el desarrollo de cartílago hialino estable y no inducir respuestas inmunes 3. Retención a largo plazo de las células madre trasplantadas en MASI es fundamental para la regeneración del cartílago. Etiquetado de MSC con nanopartículas de óxido de hierro permite a largo plazo en el seguimiento in vivo no invasivos MR técnicas de imagen 4. En esta presentación se muestran las técnicas de MSC etiquetado con nanopartículas de óxido de hierro, la generación de agarosa células construcciones y la implantación de estas construcciones en los defectos del cartílago. Las construcciones de la etiqueta puede ser rastreado de forma no invasiva con MR-Imaging.

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Implantation of Ferumoxides Labeled Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Cartilage Defects at JoVE.com

Implantation of Ferumoxides Labeled Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Cartilage Defects

Objetivo de la presentación es mostrar un método altamente reproducible para generar la matriz asociada implantes de células madre en los defectos del cartílago, que puede ser visualizado con RM. Las células madre son etiquetados con aprobación de la FDA Ferumoxides, mezclado con agarosa, se implantan en los defectos del cartílago y la imagen con un escáner de MR 7T.

Implantación de Ferumoxides Etiquetada células madre mesenquimales humanas en los defectos del cartílago

The field of tissue engineering integrates the principles of engineering, cell biology and medicine towards the regeneration of specific cells and ...

implantation-ferumoxides-labeled-human-mesenchymal-stem-cells

Research

JoVE Journal

Biology

10.5K vistas.  Medical Center, University of California San Francisco. Objetivo de la presentación es mostrar un método altamente reproducible para generar la matriz asociada implantes de células madre en los defectos del cartílago, que puede ser visualizado con RM. Las células madre son etiquetados con aprobación de la FDA Ferumoxides, mezclado con agarosa, se implantan en los defectos del cartílago y la imagen con un escáner de MR 7T.

Video: Implantation of Ferumoxides Labeled Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Cartilage Defects

Isolation and Animal Serum Free Expansion of Human Umbilical Cord Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (MSCs) and Endothelial Colony Forming Progenitor Cells (ECFCs)

The umbilical cord is a rich source for progenitor cells with high proliferative potential including mesenchymal stromal cells (also termed mesenchymal stem cells, MSCs) and endothelial colony forming progenitor cells (ECFCs). Both cell types are key players in maintaining the integrity of tissue and are probably also involved in regenerative processes and tumor formation.
To study their biology and function in a comparative manner it is important to have both cells types available from the same donor. It may also be beneficial for regenerative purposes to derive MSCs and ECFCs from the same tissue.
Because cellular therapeutics should eventually find their way from bench to bedside we established a new method to isolate and further expand progenitor cells without the use of animal protein. Pooled human platelet lysate (pHPL) replaced fetal bovine serum in all steps of our protocol to completely avoid contact of the cells to xenogeneic proteins.
This video demonstrates a methodology for the isolation and expansion of progenitor cells from one umbilical cord.
All materials and procedures will be described.

Isolation and Animal Serum Free Expansion of Human Umbilical Cord Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells MSCs and Endothelial Colony Forming Progenitor Cells ECFCs

This protocol describes the isolation and subsequent expansion of mesenchymal stromal cells and endothelial colony forming cells without the use of animal serum to generate autologous pairs for experimental transplantation purposes.

Aislamiento y suero animal expansión libre de cordón umbilical humano derivado de células mesenquimales del estroma (MSC) y endoteliales formadoras de colonias Células Progenitoras (ECFCs)

The umbilical cord is a rich source for progenitor cells with high proliferative potential including mesenchymal stromal cells (also termed mesenchymal ...

Investigación

Biología

Peptides from Phage Display Library Modulate Gene Expression in Mesenchymal Cells and Potentiate Osteogenesis in Unicortical Bone Defects

Two novel synthetic peptides accelerate bone formation and can be delivered using a collagen matrix. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects on bone repair in a unicortical defect model. Treatment of mesenchymal cells produced an increase in alkaline phosphatase activity, showed nodule formation by the cells, and increased the expression of genes for runx2, osterix, bone sialoprotein, and osteocalcin. A collagen sponge soaked with peptide promoted repair of bone defects, whereas the control was less effective. The results from this study demonstrated that mesenchymal cells treated with peptide in vitro differentiate towards osteogenesis, and, that peptides delivered in vivo using a collagen sponge promote the repair of unicortical defects.

A phage display library was used to identify peptide sequences that target bone. The objective was to investigate the effect of these peptides on mesenchymal cell differentiation and to determine their effect on bone regeneration.

Péptidos de la Biblioteca de Phage Display modular la expresión génica en las células mesenquimales y potenciar la osteogénesis en defectos óseos unicorticales

Two novel synthetic peptides accelerate bone formation and can be delivered using a collagen matrix. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects ...

Isolation &#38; Characterization of Hoechstlow CD45negative Mouse Lung Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Tissue resident mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are important regulators of tissue repair or regeneration, fibrosis, inflammation, angiogenesis and tumor formation. Taken together these studies suggest that resident lung MSC play a role during pulmonary tissue homeostasis, injury and repair during diseases such as pulmonary fibrosis (PF) and arterial hypertension (PAH). Here we describe a technology to define a population of resident lung MSC. The definition of this population in vivo pulmonary tissue using a define set of markers facilitates the repeated isolation of a well-characterized stem cell population by flow cytometry and the study of a specific cell type and function.

Isolation &amp; Characterization of Hoechstlow CD45negative Mouse Lung Mesenchymal Stem Cells

In this article we demonstrate the isolation of murine resident lung mesenchymal stem cells (lung MSC), their expansion, characterization and analysis of immunomodulatory properties.

Aislamiento y Caracterización de Hoechst Baja CD45 Negativo Mouse células madre mesenquimales de pulmón

Tissue resident mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are important regulators of tissue repair or regeneration, fibrosis, inflammation, angiogenesis and tumor ...

Reprogramming Human Somatic Cells into Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) Using Retroviral Vector with GFP

Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are pluripotent and an invaluable cellular sources for in vitro disease modeling and regenerative medicine1. It has been previously shown that human somatic cells can be reprogrammed to pluripotency by ectopic expression of four transcription factors (Oct4, Sox2, Klf4 and Myc) and become induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs)2-4 . Like hESCs, human iPSCs are pluripotent and a potential source for autologous cells. Here we describe the protocol to reprogram human fibroblast cells with the four reprogramming factors cloned into GFP-containing retroviral backbone4. Using the following protocol, we generate human iPSCs in 3-4 weeks under human ESC culture condition. Human iPSC colonies closely resemble hESCs in morphology and display the loss of GFP fluorescence as a result of retroviral transgene silencing. iPSC colonies isolated mechanically under a fluorescence microscope behave in a similar fashion as hESCs. In these cells, we detect the expression of multiple pluripotency genes and surface markers.

Reprogramming Human Somatic Cells into Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells iPSCs Using Retroviral Vector with GFP

A method to generate human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) via retrovirus-mediated ectopic expression of OCT4, SOX2, KLF4 and MYC is described. A practical way to identify human iPSC colonies based on GFP expression is also discussed.

La reprogramación de células somáticas humanas en células madre pluripotentes inducidas (iPSCs) utilizando el vector retroviral con las buenas prácticas agrarias

Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are pluripotent and an invaluable cellular sources for in vitro disease modeling and regenerative medicine1. It has ...

Induction and Analysis of Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition

Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is essential for proper morphogenesis during development. Misregulation of this process has been implicated as a key event in fibrosis and the progression of carcinomas to a metastatic state. Understanding the processes that underlie EMT is imperative for the early diagnosis and clinical control of these disease states. Reliable induction of EMT in vitro is a useful tool for drug discovery as well as to identify common gene expression signatures for diagnostic purposes. Here we demonstrate a straightforward method for the induction of EMT in a variety of cell types. Methods for the analysis of cells pre- and post-EMT induction by immunocytochemistry are also included. Additionally, we demonstrate the effectiveness of this method through antibody-based array analysis and migration/invasion assays.

A straightforward method is described for the induction of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) in a variety of cell types. Methods for the analysis of cells in EMT states by immunocytochemistry are included.

Inducción y Análisis de epitelial a mesenquimal de transición

Epithelial  to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is essential for proper morphogenesis during  development. Misregulation of this  process has been implicated ...

Isolation and Culture of Dental Epithelial Stem Cells from the Adult Mouse Incisor

Understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms that underlie tooth regeneration and renewal has become a topic of great interest1-4, and the mouse incisor provides a model for these processes. This remarkable organ grows continuously throughout the animal&#39;s life and generates all the necessary cell types from active pools of adult stem cells housed in the labial (toward the lip) and lingual (toward the tongue) cervical loop (CL) regions. Only the dental stem cells from the labial CL give rise to ameloblasts that generate enamel, the outer covering of teeth, on the labial surface. This asymmetric enamel formation allows abrasion at the incisor tip, and progenitors and stem cells in the proximal incisor ensure that the dental tissues are constantly replenished. The ability to isolate and grow these progenitor or stem cells in vitro allows their expansion and opens doors to numerous experiments not achievable in vivo, such as high throughput testing of potential stem cell regulatory factors. Here, we describe and demonstrate a reliable and consistent method to culture cells from the labial CL of the mouse incisor.

The continuously growing mouse incisor provides a model for studying renewal of dental tissues from dental epithelial stem cells (DESCs). A robust system for consistently and reliably obtaining these cells from the incisor and expanding them in vitro is reported here.

Aislamiento y cultivo de células madre epiteliales dental del adulto Ratón Incisivo

Understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms that underlie tooth regeneration and renewal has become a topic of great interest1-4, and the mouse ...

Efficient Generation Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from Human Somatic Cells with Sendai-virus

A few years ago, the establishment of human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) ushered in a new era in biomedicine. Potential uses of human iPSCs include modeling pathogenesis of human genetic diseases, autologous cell therapy after gene correction, and personalized drug screening by providing a source of patient-specific and symptom relevant cells. However, there are several hurdles to overcome, such as eliminating the remaining reprogramming factor transgene expression after human iPSCs production. More importantly, residual transgene expression in undifferentiated human iPSCs could hamper proper differentiations and misguide the interpretation of disease-relevant in vitro phenotypes. With this reason, integration-free and/or transgene-free human iPSCs have been developed using several methods, such as adenovirus, the piggyBac system, minicircle vector, episomal vectors, direct protein delivery and synthesized mRNA. However, efficiency of reprogramming using integration-free methods is quite low in most cases.
Here, we present a method to isolate human iPSCs by using Sendai-virus (RNA virus) based reprogramming system. This reprogramming method shows consistent results and high efficiency in cost-effective manner.

Here, we present our established method to reprogram human somatic cells into transgene-free human iPSCs with Sendai virus, which shows consistent outcome and enhanced efficiency.

Eficiente generación, por actividad humana células madre pluripotentes de células somáticas humanas con virus Sendai-

A few years ago, the establishment of human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) ushered in a new era in biomedicine. Potential uses of human iPSCs ...

Profiling Individual Human Embryonic Stem Cells by Quantitative RT-PCR

Heterogeneity of stem cell population hampers detailed understanding of stem cell biology, such as their differentiation propensity toward different lineages. A single cell transcriptome assay can be a new approach for dissecting individual variation. We have developed the single cell qRT-PCR method, and confirmed that this method works well in several gene expression profiles. In single cell level, each human embryonic stem cell, sorted by OCT4::EGFP positive cells, has high expression in OCT4, but a different level of NANOG expression. Our single cell gene expression assay should be useful to interrogate population heterogeneities.

Single cell gene expression assay is needed for understanding stem cell heterogeneities.

Perfiles de Células Madre Embrionarias Humanas individual por RT-PCR cuantitativa

Heterogeneity of stem cell population hampers detailed understanding of stem cell biology, such as their differentiation propensity toward different ...

A Simple Benchtop Filtration Method to Isolate Small Extracellular Vesicles from Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells

The ultracentrifugation-based process is considered the common method for small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) isolation. However, the yield from this isolation method is relatively lower, and these methods are inefficient in separating sEV subtypes. This study demonstrates a simple benchtop filtration method to isolate human umbilical cord-derived MSC small extracellular vesicles (hUC-MSC-sEVs), successfully separated by ultrafiltration from the conditioned medium of hUC-MSCs. The size distribution, protein concentration, exosomal markers (CD9, CD81, TSG101), and morphology of the isolated hUC-MSC-sEVs were characterized with nanoparticle tracking analysis, BCA protein assay, western blot, and transmission electron microscope, respectively. The isolated hUC-MSC-sEVs&#39; size was 30-200 nm, with a particle concentration of 7.75 &#215; 1010 particles/mL and a protein concentration of 80 &#181;g/mL. Positive bands for exosomal markers CD9, CD81, and TSG101 were observed. This study showed that hUC-MSC-sEVs were successfully isolated from hUC-MSCs conditioned medium, and characterization showed that the isolated product fulfilled the criteria mentioned by Minimal Information for Studies of Extracellular Vesicles 2018 (MISEV 2018).

This protocol demonstrates how to isolate human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells&#39; small extracellular vesicles (hUC-MSC-sEVs) with a simple lab-scale benchtop setting. The size distribution, protein concentration, sEVs markers, and morphology of isolated hUC-MSC-sEVs are characterized by nanoparticle tracking analysis, BCA protein assay, western blot, and transmission electron microscope, respectively.

Un método simple de filtración de sobremesa para aislar pequeñas vesículas extracelulares de células madre mesenquimales humanas

The ultracentrifugation-based process is considered the common method for small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) isolation. However, the yield from this ...

Isolation, Characterization, and Therapeutic Application of Extracellular Vesicles from Cultured Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are heterogeneous membrane nanoparticles released by most cell types, and they are increasingly recognized as physiological regulators of organismal homeostasis and important indicators of pathologies; in the meantime, their immense potential to establish accessible and controllable disease therapeutics is emerging. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can release large amounts of EVs in culture, which have shown promise to jumpstart effective tissue regeneration and facilitate extensive therapeutic applications with good scalability and reproducibility. There is a growing demand for simple and effective protocols for collecting and applying MSC-EVs. Here, a detailed protocol is provided based on differential centrifugation to isolate and characterize representative EVs from cultured human MSCs, exosomes, and microvesicles for further applications. The adaptability of this method is shown for a series of downstream approaches, such as labeling, local transplantation, and systemic injection. The implementation of this procedure will address the need for simple and reliable MSC-EVs collection and application in translational research.

The present protocol describes the differential centrifugation for isolating and characterizing representative EVs (exosomes and microvesicles) from cultured human MSCs. Further applications of these EVs are also explained in this article.

Aislamiento, caracterización y aplicación terapéutica de vesículas extracelulares a partir de células madre mesenquimales humanas cultivadas

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are heterogeneous membrane nanoparticles released by most cell types, and they are increasingly recognized as physiological ...