Apoyado por el NIH RO1 HL073087 premios, GM 077185, 069589 y GM para CKS. El trabajo también es apoyado por una beca del programa de Medicina Regenerativa de la DHLRI. Los autores agradecen el apoyo técnico e insumos clínicos a partir del siguiente personal de la Universidad Estatal de Ohio: Dr. Sabyasachi.Biswas (Centro Integral de la herida), la Dra. Allison Spiwak (División de Tecnología de circulación), Agoston José (División de Circulación), Thoma agramizas (División de Circulación), José Ewing (Ingeniería Mecánica), Scott Killinger (Ingeniería Mecánica), y Xiaoyin Ge (Ingeniería Eléctrica).

<ol>
	<li>Myers, D. E., Anderson, L. D., Seifert, R. P., Ortner, J. P., Cooper, C. E., Beilman, G. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Noninvasive+method+for+measuring+local+hemoglobin+oxygen+saturation+in+tissue+using+wide+gap+second+derivative+near-infrared+spectroscopy.">Noninvasive method for measuring local hemoglobin oxygen saturation in tissue using wide gap second derivative near-infrared spectroscopy.</a> J Biomed Opt. 10 (3), 034017-034017 (2005).</li><li>Jarm, T., Kragelj, R., Liebert, A., Lukasiewitz, P., Erjavec, T., Preseren-Strukelj, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Postocclusive+reactive+hyperemia+in+healthy+volunteers+and+patients+with+peripheral+vascular+disease+measured+by+three+noninvasive+methods.">Postocclusive reactive hyperemia in healthy volunteers and patients with peripheral vascular disease measured by three noninvasive methods.</a> Adv Exp Med Biol. 530, 661-669 (2003).</li><li>Treacher, D. F., Leach, R. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Oxygen+transport-1.+Basic+principles.">Oxygen transport-1. Basic principles.</a> Bmj. 317 (7168), 1302-1306 (1998).</li><li>Leach, R. M., Treacher, D. F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Oxygen+transport-2.+Tissue+hypoxia.">Oxygen transport-2. Tissue hypoxia.</a> BMJ. 317 (7169), 1370-1373 (1998).</li><li>Sen, C. K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Wound+healing+essentials:+let+there+be+oxygen.">Wound healing essentials: let there be oxygen.</a> Wound Repair Regen. 17 (1), 1-18 (2009).</li><li>RL, G. r. e. e. n. m. a. n., Panasyuk, S., Wang, X., TE, L. y. o. n. s., Dinh, T., Longoria, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Early+changes+in+the+skin+microcirculation+and+muscle+metabolism+of+the+diabetic+foot.">Early changes in the skin microcirculation and muscle metabolism of the diabetic foot.</a> Lancet. 366 (9498), 1711-1717 (2005).</li><li>Valvano, J. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> The use of thermal diffusivity to quantify tissue perfusion [dissertation]. , (1981).</li><li>Hassan, M., Togawa, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Observation+of+skin+thermal+inertia+distribution+during+reactive+hyperaemia+using+a+single-hood+measurement+system.">Observation of skin thermal inertia distribution during reactive hyperaemia using a single-hood measurement system.</a> Physiol Meas. 22 (1), 187-200 (2001).</li><li>Ley, O., Deshpande, C., Prapamcham, B., Naghavi, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Lumped+parameter+thermal+model+for+the+study+of+vascular+reactivity+in+the+fingertip.">Lumped parameter thermal model for the study of vascular reactivity in the fingertip.</a> J Biomech Eng. 130 (3), 031012-031012 (2008).</li><li>Wilson, S. B., Spence, V. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Dynamic+thermographic+imaging+method+for+quantifying+dermal+perfusion:+potential+and+limitations.">Dynamic thermographic imaging method for quantifying dermal perfusion: potential and limitations.</a> Med Biol Eng Comput. 27 (5), 496-501 (1989).</li></ol>

El oxígeno que existe en los tejidos biológicos en múltiples formas, tales como oxígeno de la hemoglobina o la mioglobina obligado, oxígeno disuelto, y las especies reactivas de oxígeno. El transporte de oxígeno juega un papel fundamental en el mantenimiento de la viabilidad del tejido y los procesos metabólicos normales 3. Agudo leve a moderada hipoxia iniciará la adaptación metabólica, regulación vascular, y la respuesta angiogénica 4. Hipoxia y anoxia extrema dará lugar a la angiogénesis insuficiente y la muerte celular. El desequilibrio entre el suministro de oxígeno limitada y demanda de oxígeno es uno de los principales factores causantes de muchas enfermedades, tales como heridas crónicas 5. En el caso de heridas isquémicas, el suministro de oxígeno es limitado por la falta de perfusión y no pueden satisfacer las necesidades metabólicas del proceso de curación y la función de poner en peligro estallido respiratorio destinadas a combatir la infección. Evaluación simultánea de la oxigenación de los tejidos cutáneos y la función vascular tiene importancia clínica en el tratamiento de heridas crónicas. La técnica de imagen hiperespectral estimaciones oxigenación de los tejidos cutáneos de tejido iluminar y detectar la reflectancia del tejido en diferentes longitudes de onda 6. Una ventaja importante de imágenes hiperespectrales no es invasiva y la detección sin contacto de las propiedades de los tejidos funcionales. Sin embargo, la confiabilidad de la medición de oxígeno para muchos sistemas de imágenes hiperespectrales se ve afectada por el color de la piel y otras variaciones de la absorción de fondo. Espectroscopia amplia brecha de la segunda derivada se desarrolló con anterioridad para la medición de oxigenación a los tejidos con un mínimo efecto de la dispersión y la pigmentación de la piel 1. Se aplicó el principio de la espectroscopia de la segunda derivada de imágenes multiespectrales y demostró la medición constante de la oxigenación de los tejidos cutáneos independiente con los cambios de color simulado piel. Perfusión de los tejidos se ha estudiado previamente por la medición de siete tejido difusión térmica. Un método simple capilla se creó para introducir la estimulación térmica y las respuestas de la imagen tejido dinámico con el fin de estimar la distribución del tejido de la piel inercia térmica 8. Los experimentos en la piel del antebrazo humano sometido a la oclusión del manguito arterial demostró una relación lineal entre la inercia térmica y la perfusión de la sangre medido por un sensor de láser Doppler antes y durante la oclusión del flujo sanguíneo 8. Un modelo biocalor agrupados también fue utilizado para estimar la reactividad vascular punta de los dedos durante la pletismografía de oclusión venosa 9. A pesar de los esfuerzos anteriores, la cuantificación de la perfusión sanguínea de la piel las mediciones de temperatura de piel es un reto debido a la falta de sensibilidad, la dependencia del espesor de la grasa subcutánea, y otros factores contribuyentes, como la vasoconstricción, vasodilatación, y 10 artefactos de movimiento. En este protocolo, se utilizó una cámara de infrarrojos para captar la dinámica de la temperatura del tejido en respuesta a una estimulación térmica a temperatura ambiente. La estimulación térmica fue seleccionado para que el efecto de vasoconstricción y vasodilatación se redujo al mínimo. Modelización y medición de los esfuerzos necesarios a fin de delinear una correlación cuantitativa fiable entre el índice de la función vascular y la perfusión del tejido cutáneo. En el # 3, se utilizó la transformación afín para las tareas de co-registro. Sin embargo, dado que las dos cámaras se colocan en diferentes ángulos en el espacio 3D, que es potencialmente más precisos para aplicar una transformación relacionados con la transformación 3D entre las dos cámaras. Actualmente estamos explorando en esa dirección que implican la calibración extrínsecos de las cámaras en un espacio 3D utilizando la geometría epipolar.

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<td>Higgins Calligraphy waterproof black ink</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Sanford</td>
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<td>diluted to 1%</td>
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<td>Hamamatsu ORCA ER deep cooling CCD camera</td>
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<td>Varispec SNIR liquid crystal tunable filter</td>
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<td>ThermoVision A40 infrared camera</td>
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<td>Thorlabs OSL1 high intensity fiber light source</td>
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dual-mode imaging of cutaneous tissue oxygenation and vascular function

La evaluación precisa de la oxigenación de los tejidos cutáneos y la función vascular es importante para la adecuada detección, clasificación y tratamiento de trastornos de salud varios, como las heridas crónicas. Se presenta el desarrollo de un sistema de imágenes de modo dual para imagen no invasiva y sin contacto de la oxigenación de los tejidos cutáneos y la función vascular. El sistema de imagen integrado una cámara de infrarrojos, una cámara CCD, un filtro de cristal líquido ajustable y una fuente de luz de alta intensidad de fibra. Una interfaz de LabVIEW se programó para el control del equipo, la sincronización, la adquisición de imágenes, procesamiento y visualización. Imágenes multiespectrales captadas por la cámara CCD se utilizaron para reconstruir el mapa de la oxigenación tisular. Dinámicas imágenes termográficas capturada por la cámara infrarroja se utiliza para reconstruir el mapa de la función vascular. Oxigenación de los tejidos cutáneos y las imágenes de función vascular fueron co-registrados a través de marcadores fiduciarios. Las características de funcionamiento del sistema de imagen de modo dual se pusieron a prueba en seres humanos.

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Dual-mode Imaging of Cutaneous Tissue Oxygenation and Vascular Function at JoVE.com

Dual-mode Imaging of Cutaneous Tissue Oxygenation and Vascular Function

Un sistema de modo dual de imágenes fue desarrollado para la evaluación sin contacto de la oxigenación de los tejidos cutáneos y la función vascular.

De modo dual de imágenes de la oxigenación de los tejidos cutáneos y la función vascular

Accurate assessment of cutaneous tissue oxygenation and vascular function is important for appropriate detection, staging, and treatment of many health ...

dual-mode-imaging-cutaneous-tissue-oxygenation-vascular

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

16.4K vistas.  The Ohio State University. Un sistema de modo dual de imágenes fue desarrollado para la evaluación sin contacto de la oxigenación de los tejidos cutáneos y la función vascular.

Video: Dual-mode Imaging of Cutaneous Tissue Oxygenation and Vascular Function

Diagnostic Ultrasound Imaging of Mouse Diaphragm Function

Function analysis of rodent respiratory skeletal muscles, particularly the diaphragm, is commonly performed by isolating muscle strips using invasive surgical procedures. Although this is an effective method of assessing in vitro diaphragm activity, it involves non-survival surgery. The application of non-invasive ultrasound imaging as an in vivo procedure is beneficial since it not only reduces the number of animals sacrificed, but is also suitable for monitoring disease progression in live mice. Thus, our ultrasound imaging method may likely assist in the development of novel therapies that alleviate muscle injury induced by various respiratory diseases. Particularly, in clinical diagnoses of obstructive lung diseases, ultrasound imaging has the potential to be used in conjunction with other standard tests to detect the early onset of diaphragm muscle fatigue. In the current protocol, we describe how to accurately evaluate diaphragm contractility in a mouse model using a diagnostic ultrasound imaging technique.

Diagnostic ultrasound imaging has proven to be effective in diagnosing various respiratory diseases in human and animal subjects. We demonstrate a comprehensive ultrasound protocol utilized by Dr. Zuo's lab to analyze diaphragm kinetics specifically in mouse models. This is also a non-invasive research technique which can provide quantitative information on mouse respiratory muscle function.

Ultrasonido Diagnóstico por la Imagen de la función del ratón del diafragma

Function analysis of rodent respiratory skeletal muscles, particularly the diaphragm, is commonly performed by isolating muscle strips using invasive ...

Investigación

Medicina

Assessment of Vascular Function in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease

Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have significantly increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) compared to the general population, and this is only partially explained by traditional CVD risk factors. Vascular dysfunction is an important non-traditional risk factor, characterized by vascular endothelial dysfunction (most commonly assessed as impaired endothelium-dependent dilation [EDD]) and stiffening of the large elastic arteries. While various techniques exist to assess EDD and large elastic artery stiffness, the most commonly used are brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMDBA) and aortic pulse-wave velocity (aPWV), respectively. Both of these noninvasive measures of vascular dysfunction are independent predictors of future cardiovascular events in patients with and without kidney disease. Patients with CKD demonstrate both impaired FMDBA, and increased aPWV. While the exact mechanisms by which vascular dysfunction develops in CKD are incompletely understood, increased oxidative stress and a subsequent reduction in nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability are important contributors. Cellular changes in oxidative stress can be assessed by collecting vascular endothelial cells from the antecubital vein and measuring protein expression of markers of oxidative stress using immunofluorescence. We provide here a discussion of these methods to measure FMDBA, aPWV, and vascular endothelial cell protein expression.

The degree of vascular dysfunction and contributing physiological mechanisms can be assessed in patients with chronic kidney disease by measuring brachial artery flow-mediated dilation, aortic pulse-wave velocity, and vascular endothelial cell protein expression.

Evaluación de la función vascular en pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica

Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have significantly increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) compared to the general population, and this ...

A Methodological Approach to Non-invasive Assessments of Vascular Function and Morphology

The endothelium is the innermost lining of the vasculature and is involved in the maintenance of vascular homeostasis. Damage to the endothelium may predispose the vessel to atherosclerosis and increase the risk for cardiovascular disease. Assessments of peripheral endothelial function are good indicators of early abnormalities in the vascular wall and correlate well with assessments of coronary endothelial function. The present manuscript details the important methodological steps necessary for the assessment of microvascular endothelial function using laser Doppler imaging with iontophoresis, large vessel endothelial function using flow-mediated dilatation, and carotid atherosclerosis using carotid artery ultrasound. A discussion on the methodological considerations for each of the techniques is also presented, and recommendations are made for future research.

The present article describes the methodological considerations for several non-invasive assessments of vascular function and morphology that are commonly used in medical research to assess different stages of atherosclerosis.

Un enfoque metodológico para las evaluaciones no invasivas de la función vascular y Morfología

The endothelium is the innermost lining of the vasculature and is involved in the maintenance of vascular homeostasis.  Damage to the endothelium may ...

Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension and Assessment of Right Ventricular Function in the Piglet

An original piglet model of Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension (CTEPH) associated with chronic Right Ventricular (RV) dysfunction is described. Pulmonary Hypertension (PH) was induced in 3-week-old piglets by a progressive obstruction of the pulmonary vascular bed. A ligation of the left Pulmonary Artery (PA) was performed first through a mini-thoracotomy. Second, weekly embolizations of the right lower pulmonary lobe were done under fluoroscopic guidance with n-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate during 5 weeks. Mean Pulmonary Arterial Pressure (mPAP) measured by ritght heart catheterism, increased progressively, as well as Right Atrial pressure and Pulmonary Vascular Resistances (PVR) after 5 weeks compared to sham animals. Right Ventricular (RV) structural and functional remodeling were assessed by transthoracic echocardiography (RV diameters, RV wall thickness, RV systolic function). RV elastance and RV-pulmonary coupling were assessed by Pressure-Volume Loops (PVL) analysis with conductance method. Histologic study of the lung and the right ventricle were also performed. Molecular analyses on RV fresh tissues could be performed through repeated transcutaneous endomyocardial biopsies. Pulmonary microvascular disease in obstructed and unobstructed territories was studied from lung biopsies using molecular analyses and pathology. Furthermore, the reliability and the reproducibility was associated with a range of PH severity in animals. Most aspects of the human CTEPH disease were reproduced in this model, which allows new perspectives for the understanding of the underlying mechanisms (mitochondria, inflammation) and new therapeutic approaches (targeted, cellular or gene therapies) of the overloaded right ventricle but also pulmonary microvascular disease.

Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension (CTEPH) and Right Ventricular (RV) dysfunction were induced in piglets by progressive obstruction of the pulmonary arteries. Consequences were remarkably similar to those observed in CTEPH patients. This animal model would be a very useful tool for pathophysiology and therapeutic experiments on CTEPH and RV failure.

Hipertensión pulmonar tromboembólica crónica y Evaluación de la función ventricular derecha en el Piglet

An original piglet model of Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension (CTEPH) associated with chronic Right Ventricular (RV) dysfunction is described. ...

Visualization of Vascular and Parenchymal Regeneration after 70% Partial Hepatectomy in Normal Mice

A modified silicone injection procedure was used for visualization of the hepatic vascular tree. This procedure consisted of in-vivo injection of the silicone compound, via a 26 G catheter, into the portal or hepatic vein. After silicone injection, organs were explanted and prepared for ex-vivo micro-CT (&#181;CT) scanning. The silicone injection procedure is technically challenging. Achieving a successful outcome requires extensive microsurgical experience from the surgeon. One of the challenges of this procedure involves determining the adequate perfusion rate for the silicone compound. The perfusion rate for the silicone compound needs to be defined based on the hemodynamic of the vascular system of interest. Inappropriate perfusion rate can lead to an incomplete perfusion, artificial dilation and rupturing of vascular trees.
The 3D reconstruction of the vascular system was based on CT scans and was achieved using preclinical software such as HepaVision. The quality of the reconstructed vascular tree was directly related to the quality of silicone perfusion. Subsequently computed vascular parameters indicative of vascular growth, such as total vascular volume, were calculated based on the vascular reconstructions. Contrasting the vascular tree with silicone allowed for subsequent histological work-up of the specimen after &#181;CT scanning. The specimen can be subjected to serial sectioning, histological analysis and whole slide scanning, and thereafter to 3D reconstruction of the vascular trees based on histological images. This is the prerequisite for the detection of molecular events and their distribution with respect to the vascular tree. This modified silicone injection procedure can also be used to visualize and reconstruct the vascular systems of other organs. This technique has the potential to be extensively applied to studies concerning vascular anatomy and growth in various animal and disease models.

Tools used for visualizing vascular regeneration require methods for contrasting the vascular trees. This film demonstrated a delicate injection technique used to achieve optimal contrasting of the vascular trees and illustrate the potential benefits resulting from a detailed analysis of the resulting specimen using &#181;CT and histological serial sections.

La visualización del parénquima vascular y la regeneración después del 70% hepatectomía parcial en ratones normales

A modified silicone injection procedure was used for visualization of the hepatic vascular tree. This procedure consisted of in-vivo injection of the ...

Calcification of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells and Imaging of Aortic Calcification and Inflammation

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the world. Atherosclerotic plaques, consisting of lipid-laden macrophages and calcification, develop in the coronary arteries, aortic valve, aorta, and peripheral conduit arteries and are the hallmark of cardiovascular disease. In humans, imaging with computed tomography allows for the quantification of vascular calcification; the presence of vascular calcification is a strong predictor of future cardiovascular events. Development of novel therapies in cardiovascular disease relies critically on improving our understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms of atherosclerosis. Advancing our knowledge of atherosclerotic mechanisms relies on murine and cell-based models. Here, a method for imaging aortic calcification and macrophage infiltration using two spectrally distinct near-infrared fluorescent imaging probes is detailed. Near-infrared fluorescent imaging allows for the ex vivo quantification of calcification and macrophage accumulation in the entire aorta and can be used to further our understanding of the mechanistic relationship between inflammation and calcification in atherosclerosis. Additionally, a method for isolating and culturing animal aortic vascular smooth muscle cells and a protocol for inducing calcification in cultured smooth muscle cells from either murine aortas or from human coronary arteries is described. This in vitro method of modeling vascular calcification can be used to identify and characterize the signaling pathways likely important for the development of vascular disease, in the hopes of discovering novel targets for therapy.

Vascular calcification is an important predictor of and contributor to human cardiovascular disease. This protocol describes methods for inducing calcification of cultured primary vascular smooth muscle cells and for quantifying calcification and macrophage burden in animal aortas using near-infrared fluorescence imaging.

Calcificación de células del músculo liso y de imagen de la calcificación aórtica y la inflamación

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the world.  Atherosclerotic plaques, consisting of lipid-laden macrophages and ...

Assessment of Human Adipose Tissue Microvascular Function Using Videomicroscopy

While obesity is closely linked to the development of metabolic and cardiovascular disease, little is known about mechanisms that govern these processes. It is hypothesized that pro-atherogenic mediators released from fat tissues particularly in association with central/visceral adiposity may promote pathogenic vascular changes locally and systemically, and the notion that cardiovascular disease may be the consequence of adipose tissue dysfunction continues to evolve. Here, we describe a unique method of videomicroscopy that involves analysis of vasodilator and vasoconstrictor responses of intact small human arterioles removed from the adipose depot of living human subjects. Videomicroscopy is used to examine functional properties of isolated microvessels in response to pharmacological or physiological stimuli using a pressured system that mimics in vivo conditions. The technique is a useful approach to gain understanding of the pathophysiology and molecular mechanisms that contribute to vascular dysfunction locally within the adipose tissue milieu. Moreover, abnormalities in the adipose tissue microvasculature have also been linked with systemic diseases. We applied this technique to examine depot-specific vascular responses in obese subjects. We assessed endothelium-dependent vasodilation to both increased flow and acetylcholine in adipose arterioles (50 - 350 &#181;m internal diameter, 2 - 3 mm in length) isolated from two different adipose depots during bariatric surgery from the same individual. We demonstrated that arterioles from visceral fat exhibit impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilation compared to vessels isolated from the subcutaneous depot. The findings suggest that the visceral microenvironment is associated with vascular endothelial dysfunction which may be relevant to clinical observation linking increased visceral adiposity to systemic disease mechanisms. The videomicroscopy technique can be used to examine vascular phenotypes from different fat depots as well as compare findings across individuals with different degrees of obesity and metabolic dysfunction. The method can also be used to examine vascular responses longitudinally in response to clinical interventions.

Videomicroscopy systems are used to examine functional properties of isolated adipose tissue arterioles in response to physiological and pharmacological stimuli. This technique can be used to examine microvascular phenotypes in different adipose tissue domains in obese humans.

Evaluación de la función Microvascular del tejido adiposo humano mediante videomicroscopía

While obesity is closely linked to the development of metabolic and cardiovascular disease, little is known about mechanisms that govern these processes. ...

Skeletal Muscle Neurovascular Coupling, Oxidative Capacity, and Microvascular Function with 'One Stop Shop' Near-infrared Spectroscopy

Exercise represents a major hemodynamic stress that demands a highly coordinated neurovascular response in order to match oxygen delivery to metabolic demand. Reactive hyperemia (in response to a brief period of tissue ischemia) is an independent predictor of cardiovascular events and provides important insight into vascular health and vasodilatory capacity. Skeletal muscle oxidative capacity is equally important in health and disease, as it determines the energy supply for myocellular processes. Here, we describe a simple, non-invasive approach using near-infrared spectroscopy to assess each of these major clinical endpoints (reactive hyperemia, neurovascular coupling, and muscle oxidative capacity) during a single clinic or laboratory visit. Unlike Doppler ultrasound, magnetic resonance images/spectroscopy, or invasive catheter-based flow measurements or muscle biopsies, our approach is less operator-dependent, low-cost, and completely non-invasive. Representative data from our lab taken together with summary data from previously published literature illustrate the utility of each of these end-points. Once this technique is mastered, application to clinical populations will provide important mechanistic insight into exercise intolerance and cardiovascular dysfunction.

Skeletal Muscle Neurovascular Coupling, Oxidative Capacity, and Microvascular Function with &#039;One Stop Shop&#039; Near-infrared Spectroscopy

Here, we describe a simple, non-invasive approach using near-infrared spectroscopy to assess reactive hyperemia, neurovascular coupling and skeletal muscle oxidative capacity in a single clinic or laboratory visit.

Músculo esquelético Neurovascular acoplamiento, capacidad oxidativa y la función Microvascular con espectroscopia del infrarrojo cercano "Una parada tienda"

Exercise represents a major hemodynamic stress that demands a highly coordinated neurovascular response in order to match oxygen delivery to metabolic ...

Veno-Venous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in a Mouse

The use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has increased substantially in recent years. ECMO has become a reliable and effective therapy for acute as well as end-stage lung diseases. With the increase in clinical demand and prolonged use of ECMO, procedural optimization and prevention of multi-organ damage are of critical importance. The aim of this protocol is to present a detailed technique of veno-venous ECMO in a non-intubated, spontaneously breathing mouse. This protocol demonstrates the technical design of the ECMO and surgical steps. This murine ECMO model will facilitate the study of pathophysiology related to ECMO (e.g., inflammation,bleeding and thromboembolic events). Due to the abundance of genetically modified mice, the molecular mechanisms involved in ECMO-related complications can also be dissected.

Here we present a protocol describing the technique of veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in a non-intubated, spontaneously breathing mouse. This murine model of ECMO can be effectively implemented in experimental studies of acute and end-stage lung diseases.

Oxigenación por membrana extracorpórea veno-venosa en un ratón

The use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has increased substantially in recent years. ECMO has become a reliable and effective therapy for ...

Measurement of Tissue Oxygenation Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy in Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis

Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) has recently been applied as a tool to measure regional oxygen saturation (rSO2), a marker of tissue oxygenation, in clinical settings including cardiovascular and brain surgery, neonatal monitoring and prehospital medicine. The NIRS monitoring devices are real-time and noninvasive, and have mainly been used for evaluating cerebral oxygenation in critically ill patients during an operation or intensive care. Thus far, the use of NIRS monitoring in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) including hemodialysis (HD) has been limited; therefore, we investigated rSO2 values in some organs during HD. We monitored rSO2 values using a NIRS device transmitting near-infrared light at 2 wavelengths of attachment. The HD patients were placed in a supine position, with rSO2 measurement sensors attached to the foreheads, the right hypochondrium and the lower legs to evaluate rSO2 in the brain, liver and lower leg muscles, respectively. NIRS monitoring could be a new approach to clarify changes in organ oxygenation during HD or factors affecting tissue oxygenation in CKD patients. This article describes a protocol to measure tissue oxygenation represented by rSO2 as applied in HD patients.

We present a protocol to measure regional oxygen saturation (rSO2) in hemodialysis (HD) patients by using a near-infrared spectroscopy monitor. The rSO2 value is an index of tissue oxygenation. This noninvasive and real-time monitoring could be useful for confirming changes in organ oxygenation during HD.

Medición de la oxigenación tisular mediante espectroscopia de infrarrojo cercano en pacientes sometidos a hemodiálisis

Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) has recently been applied as a tool to measure regional oxygen saturation (rSO2), a marker of tissue oxygenation, in ...