Este trabajo fue apoyado por la National Multiple Sclerosis Society (TA 3021-A1 / T para AEC) y la Universidad de Texas en San Antonio.

Preparación de los reactivos Preparar acciones isotónica Percoll (SIP), 4 ml por el cerebro, mediante la mezcla de 9 partes de Percoll con una parte de HBSS 10 veces sin Ca + + y Mg + +. Prepare SIP en un 70% en 1X HBSS sin Ca + + y Mg + +, 2 ml por cada cerebro se distribuye en un tubo de polipropileno cónico de 15 ml. Nota: Se recomienda que Percoll se debe utilizar a temperatura ambiente, si se utiliza en frío, las células tienden a agruparse y separación celular es menos eficaz. Tejido de recogida y homogeneización Anestesiar a los ratones y perfundir a través del ventrículo izquierdo con helado de HBSS 1X. Diseccionar el cerebro y la médula espinal y mantener en RPMI sin rojo fenol hasta que todos los ratones son sacrificados. Tejidos a cabo en 7 o 15 ml Dounce homogeneizadora que contiene 3 ml de RPMI, con cuidado hacer una suspensión de células con una mano suelta (un tamaño), seguido de un mortero de Tigh-instalación (tamaño B) a disociar aún más los tejidos. Completa el volumen de las suspensiones celulares a 7 ml con RPMI. Gradiente de establecer Añadir 3 ml de la SIP a la suspensión celular para hacer un último sorbo del 30% Poco a poco la capa de la suspensión de células de 10 ml en la parte superior de la SIP el 70%. Este es el paso más crítico del procedimiento, utilice una pipeta de ayuda establecidos en el modo de evitar la mezcla de gravedad el 70% y 30% de las soluciones. Una línea plana muy claro debe ser visible en el cruce de 70% -30%. Centrifugar 30 minutos a 500G 18 ° C. Asegúrese de centrífuga se detiene con un mínimo o ningún freno para que la interfase no se altera. Usando una pipeta, retire suavemente la capa de escombros de la parte superior del tubo y recoger 2,0-3,0 ml de la interfase 70% -30% en un tubo limpio cónico que contiene 8 ml de 1X HBSS. Asegúrese de que el Percoll que contiene la interfase se diluye alrededor de tres veces, mezcla un par de veces por inversión y centrifugre min 7 de 500G a 18 ° C. Resuspender el pellet en 1 ml de tampón de tinción celular y transferirlo a un tubo de 1.5 ml y lavar una vez más utilizando una centrifugadora micro-a 10.000 G 1 min a 4 ° C. Tinción de anticuerpos Pellets Resuspender en 50 l de agua purificada anti-ratón CD16/CD32 diluido 1:200 en buffer de tinción celular para bloquear los sitios de unión Fc. Incubar en hielo durante 10 min. Recuento de células utilizando un hemocitómetro. Añadir 50 l de mezcla de anticuerpos cócteles e incubar en hielo durante 30 minutos. Cada anticuerpo debe ser el primero titulado para evaluar la dilución óptima. Uso adecuado de las combinaciones de fluorocromos elegidos en función de las capacidades del láser y la configuración de los filtros de su citómetro de flujo particular. Lavar las células en un tampón de tinción de células, pellets de volver a suspender en 100-200 l de buffer de tinción celular y de analizar de inmediato en el citómetro, o, alternativamente, las células pueden ser resuspendidas en el 2% de paraformaldehído (PFA), preparado en PBS y se almacenan durante la noche a 4 ° C . Los resultados representativos: Después de girar los gradientes, el 70% -30% de la interfase debe tener definido un halo blanco, y la cuantificación de las células se recuperó de un ratón ingenuo debe producir 5.3 x 10 5 células por ratón (cerebro, además de la médula espinal). Cerebro inflamado podría tener que van del número de células inflamatorias en función de la lesión del SNC o modelo de la enfermedad (Figura 1). <img src="/files/ftp_upload/2348/2348fig1.jpg" alt="Figura 1" /> Figura 1. Aislamiento de células mononucleares, de ingenuo y EAE-cerebro en la enfermedad de pico. Las células del cerebro suspensiones fueron separadas en discontinuo 70% / 30% de los gradientes de Percoll. Manchadas las células fueron incubadas con el FC bloque seguido por anticuerpos anti-CD45 durante 30 minutos sobre el hielo. Las células fueron lavadas en buffer de tinción de células, y se fija en el 2% antes de la adquisición de PFA en un LSR-II. CD45 intensidad se mide en el eje Y, en tres poblaciones distintas se visualizan. Además de la caracterización del fenotipo inmunológico de las células CD45 de alta infiltración se implementa el uso de anticuerpos adicionales y, posteriormente, analizadas por citometría de flujo.

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Los análisis de marcadores de superficie celular en los leucocitos del SNC de los tejidos normales de ratón y se inflama se ha utilizado por décadas varios 1.3. Protocolos de aislamiento se basan en la separación de la microglía y leucocitos por cuatro densidad de centrifugación. Aquí se describe un método rápido y eficaz de aislar a los leucocitos del SNC con gradientes de Percoll discontinua. Después del aislamiento de las células, tinción con anticuerpos diferentes, tales como, pero ...

Homogeneización de tejidos y degradados <ul><li> Percoll (Amersham) </li><li> Solución salina equilibrada de Hanks 10X, sin calcio y magnesio (Gibco) </li><li> Medio RPMI 1640 sin rojo fenol (Gibco) </li><li> 7 ml o 15 ml de tejido Dounce Molinos (VWR) </li></ul> Citometría de flujo <ul><li> Celular tinción de amortiguación (Biolegend) </li><li> Rata purificado anti-ratón CD16/CD32 (ratón BD Fc Block), BD Pharmingen </li><li> Hemocitómetro (Fisher) </li><li> Anti-CD45 de ratón (clon 30-F11), CD4 (clon RM4-5), CD19 (clon 6D5), BioLegend </li><li> Fosfato de 10X de solución salina tamponada, sin calcio y magnesio (Thermo Scientific) </li><li> Paraformaldehído (Sigma Aldrich) </li><li> Análisis de citometría de flujo realizado con un LSR II (BD Biosciences) </li></ul>

isolation of brain and spinal cord mononuclear cells using percoll gradients

El aislamiento de las células inmunes que se infiltran en el sistema nervioso central (SNC) durante la infección, traumatismo, enfermedades autoinmunes o la neurodegeneración, es a menudo necesaria para definir su fenotipo y funciones efectoras. Métodos histoquímicos son fundamentales para determinar la ubicación de la infiltración de las células y para analizar el sistema nervioso central patología asociada. Sin embargo, in-situ histoquímica y técnicas de inmunofluorescencia tinción se ven limitados por el número de anticuerpos que se pueden utilizar en un momento único para caracterizar los subtipos de células inmunes en un determinado tejido. Por lo tanto, los enfoques histológicos en relación con el fenotipo inmunológico por citometría de flujo son fundamentales para caracterizar la composición de la infiltración del SNC local. Este protocolo se basa en la separación de suspensiones celulares del SNC más discontinuo gradientes de Percoll. El presente artículo describe un protocolo rápido para aislar eficazmente células mononucleares de tejidos de la médula espinal y el cerebro que puede ser efectivamente utilizada para la identificación de las diferentes poblaciones de células inmunes en una sola muestra por citometría de flujo.

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Isolation of Brain and Spinal Cord Mononuclear Cells Using Percoll Gradients at JoVE.com

Isolation of Brain and Spinal Cord Mononuclear Cells Using Percoll Gradients

El presente artículo describe un protocolo rápido para aislar eficazmente células mononucleares de tejidos de la médula espinal y el cerebro que puede ser efectivamente utilizado para el análisis de citometría de flujo.

Aislamiento de células del cerebro y la médula espinal mononucleares uso de gradientes de Percoll

Isolation of immune cells that infiltrate the central nervous system (CNS) during infection, trauma, autoimmunity or neurodegeneration, is often required ...

isolation-brain-spinal-cord-mononuclear-cells-using-percoll

Research

JoVE Journal

Immunology and Infection

40.5K vistas.  University of Texas at San Antonio - UTSA. El presente artículo describe un protocolo rápido para aislar eficazmente células mononucleares de tejidos de la médula espinal y el cerebro que puede ser efectivamente utilizado para el análisis de citometría de flujo.

Video: Isolation of Brain and Spinal Cord Mononuclear Cells Using Percoll Gradients

Quantitative Assessment of Immune Cells in the Injured Spinal Cord Tissue by Flow Cytometry:  a Novel Use for a Cell Purification Method

Detection of immune cells in the injured central nervous system (CNS) using morphological or histological techniques has not always provided true quantitative analysis of cellular inflammation. Flow cytometry is a quick alternative method to quantify immune cells in the injured brain or spinal cord tissue. Historically, flow cytometry has been used to quantify immune cells collected from blood or dissociated spleen or thymus, and only a few studies have attempted to quantify immune cells in the injured spinal cord by flow cytometry using fresh dissociated cord tissue. However, the dissociated spinal cord tissue is concentrated with myelin debris that can be mistaken for cells and reduce cell count reliability obtained by the flow cytometer. We have advanced a cell preparation method using the OptiPrep gradient system to effectively separate lipid/myelin debris from cells, providing sensitive and reliable quantifications of cellular inflammation in the injured spinal cord by flow cytometry. As described in our recent study (Beck &amp; Nguyen et al., Brain. 2010 Feb; 133 (Pt 2): 433-47), the OptiPrep cell preparation had increased sensitivity to detect cellular inflammation in the injured spinal cord, with counts of specific cell types correlating with injury severity. Critically, novel usage of this method provided the first characterization of acute and chronic cellular inflammation after SCI to include a complete time course for polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs, neutrophils), macrophages/microglia, and T-cells over a period ranging from 2 hours to 180 days post-injury (dpi), identifying a surprising novel second phase of cellular inflammation. Thorough characterization of cellular inflammation using this method may provide a better understanding of neuroinflammation in the injured CNS, and reveal an important multiphasic component of neuroinflammation that may be critical for the design and implementation of rational therapeutic treatment strategies, including both cell-based and pharmacological interventions for SCI.

Quantification of cellular inflammation in the injured/pathological CNS by flow cytometry is complicated by lipid/myelin debris that can have similar size and granulation to cells, decreasing sensitivity/accuracy. We have advanced a cell preparation method to remove myelin debris and improve cell detection by flow cytometry in the injured spinal cord.

Evaluación cuantitativa de las células inmunes en el tejido de la médula espinal lesionada por citometría de flujo: un nuevo uso de un método de purificación celular

Detection of immune cells in the injured central nervous system (CNS) using morphological or histological techniques has not always provided true ...

Investigación

Inmunología e Infección

Isolation of Brain-infiltrating Leukocytes

We describe a method for preparing brain infiltrating leukocytes (BILs) from mice. We demonstrate how to infect mice with Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) via a rapid intracranial injection technique and how to purify a leukocyte-enriched population of infiltrating cells from whole brain. Briefly, mice are anesthetized with isoflurane in a closed chamber and are free-hand injected with a Hamilton syringe into the frontal cortex. Mice are then killed at various times after infection by isoflurane overdose and whole brains are extracted and homogenized in RPMI with a Tenbroeck tissue grinder. Brain homogenates are centrifuged through a continuous 30% Percoll gradient to remove the myelin and other cell debris. The cell suspension is then strained at 40 &mu;m, washed and centrifuged on a discontinuous Ficoll-Paque Plus gradient to select and purify the leukocytes. The leukocytes are then washed and resuspended in appropriate buffers for immunophenotyping by flow cytometry. Flow cytometry reveals a population of innate immune cells at the early stages of infection in C57BL/6 mice. At 24 hours post infection, multiple subsets of immune cells are present in the BILs, with an enriched population of Gr1+, CD11b+ and F4/80+cells. Therefore, this method is useful in characterizing the immune response to acute infection in the brain.

A rapid method to obtain infiltrating leukocytes from the murine brain is described. This method utilizes a continuous Percoll gradient and discontinuous Ficoll gradient to select and purify the leukocyte-enriched layer. Isolated leukocytes may then be characterized by flow cytometric measurements.

El aislamiento de la infiltración de leucocitos cerebro-

We describe a method for preparing brain infiltrating leukocytes (BILs) from mice. We demonstrate how to infect mice with Theiler's murine ...

Isolation of Myeloid Dendritic Cells and Epithelial Cells from Human Thymus

In this protocol we provide a method to isolate dendritic cells (DC) and epithelial cells (TEC) from the human thymus. DC and TEC are the major antigen presenting cell (APC) types found in a normal thymus and it is well established that they play distinct roles during thymic selection. These cells are localized in distinct microenvironments in the thymus and each APC type makes up only a minor population of cells. To further understand the biology of these cell types, characterization of these cell populations is highly desirable but due to their low frequency, isolation of any of these cell types requires an efficient and reproducible procedure. This protocol details a method to obtain cells suitable for characterization of diverse cellular properties. Thymic tissue is mechanically disrupted and after different steps of enzymatic digestion, the resulting cell suspension is enriched using a Percoll density centrifugation step. For isolation of myeloid DC (CD11c+), cells from the low-density fraction (LDF) are immunoselected by magnetic cell sorting. Enrichment of TEC populations (mTEC, cTEC) is achieved by depletion of hematopoietic (CD45hi) cells from the low-density Percoll cell fraction allowing their subsequent isolation via fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) using specific cell markers. The isolated cells can be used for different downstream applications.

This protocol details a method to isolate antigen presenting cells from human thymus via different steps of enzymatic digestion of the tissue followed by density centrifugation of the single cell suspension and finally magnetic and/or FACS sorting of the cell populations of interest.

Aislamiento de células dendríticas mieloides y células epiteliales de timo humano

In this protocol we provide a method to isolate dendritic cells (DC) and epithelial cells (TEC) from the human thymus. DC and TEC are the major antigen ...

Isolation and Flow Cytometric Analysis of Glioma-infiltrating Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells

Our laboratory has recently demonstrated that natural killer (NK) cells are capable of eradicating orthotopically implanted mouse GL26 and rat CNS-1 malignant gliomas soon after intracranial engraftment if the cancer cells are rendered deficient in their expression of the &#946;-galactoside-binding lectin galectin-1 (gal-1). More recent work now shows that a population of Gr-1+/CD11b+ myeloid cells is critical to this effect. To better understand the mechanisms by which NK and myeloid cells cooperate to confer gal-1-deficient tumor rejection we have developed a comprehensive protocol for the isolation and analysis of glioma-infiltrating peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). The method is demonstrated here by comparing PBMC infiltration into the tumor microenvironment of gal-1-expressing GL26 gliomas with those rendered gal-1-deficient via shRNA knockdown. The protocol begins with a description of&#160;how to culture and prepare GL26 cells for inoculation into the syngeneic C57BL/6J mouse brain. It then explains the steps involved in the isolation and flow cytometric analysis of glioma-infiltrating PBMCs from the early brain tumor microenvironment. The method is adaptable to a number of in vivo experimental designs in which temporal data on immune infiltration into the brain is required. The method is sensitive and highly reproducible, as glioma-infiltrating PBMCs can be isolated from intracranial tumors as soon as 24 hr post-tumor engraftment with similar cell counts observed from time point matched tumors throughout independent experiments. A single experimentalist can perform the method from brain harvesting to flow cytometric analysis of glioma-infiltrating PBMCs in roughly 4-6 hr depending on the number of samples to be analyzed. Alternative glioma models and/or cell-specific detection antibodies may also be used at the experimentalists&#8217; discretion to assess the infiltration of several other immune cell types of interest without the need for alterations to the overall procedure.

Presented here is a straightforward method for the isolation and flow cytometric analysis of glioma-infiltrating peripheral blood mononuclear cells that yields time-dependent quantitative data on the number and activation status of immune cells entering the early brain tumor microenvironment.

El aislamiento y la citometría de flujo análisis de las células mononucleares de sangre periférica Glioma infiltrantes

Our laboratory has recently demonstrated that natural killer (NK) cells are capable of eradicating orthotopically implanted mouse GL26 and rat CNS-1 ...

Isolation of Lamina Propria Mononuclear Cells from Murine Colon Using Collagenase E

The intestine is the home to the largest number of immune cells in the body. The small and large intestinal immune systems police exposure to exogenous antigens and modulate responses to potent microbially derived immune stimuli. For this reason, the intestine is a major target site of immune dysregulation and inflammation in many diseases including but, not limited to inflammatory bowel diseases such as Crohn&#8217;s disease and ulcerative colitis, graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) after bone marrow transplantation (BMT), and many allergic and infectious conditions. Murine models of gastrointestinal inflammation and colitis are heavily used to study GI complications and to pre-clinically optimize strategies for prevention and treatment. Data gleaned from these models via isolation and phenotypic analysis of immune cells from the intestine is critical to further immune understanding that can be applied to ameliorate gastrointestinal and systemic inflammatory disorders. This report describes a highly effective protocol for the isolation of mononuclear cells (MNC) from the colon using a mixed silica-based density gradient interface. This method reproducibly isolates a significant number of viable leukocytes while minimizing contaminating debris, allowing subsequent immune phenotyping by flow cytometry or other methods.

The goal of this protocol is to isolate mononuclear cells that reside in the lamina propria of the colon by enzymatic digestion of the tissue using collagenase. This protocol allows for the efficient isolation of mononuclear cells resulting in a single cell suspension which in turn can be used for robust immunophenotyping.

Aislamiento de células mononucleares lamina Propria de Colon Murino usando colagenasa E

The intestine is the home to the largest number of immune cells in the body. The small and large intestinal immune systems police exposure to exogenous ...

Isolation of Tonsillar Mononuclear Cells to Study Ex Vivo Innate Immune Responses in a Human Mucosal Lymphoid Tissue

Studying isolated cells from mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues (MALT) allows understanding of immune cells response in pathologies involving mucosal immunity, because they can model host-pathogen interactions in the tissue. While isolated cells derived from tissues were the first cell culture model, their use has been neglected because tissue can be hard to obtain. In the present protocol, we explain how to easily process and culture tonsillar mononuclear cells (TMCs) from healthy human tonsils to study innate immune responses upon activation, mimicking viral infection in mucosal tissues. Isolation of TMCs from the tonsils is quick, because the tonsils barely have any epithelium and yield up to billions of all major immune cell types. This method allows detection of cytokine production using several techniques, including immunoassays, qPCR, microscopy, flow cytometry, etc., similar to the use of peripheral mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from blood. Furthermore, TMCs show a higher sensitivity to drug testing than PBMCs, which needs to be considered for future toxicity assays. Thus, ex vivo TMCs cultures are an easy and accessible mucosal model.

In the present protocol, we explain how to easily process and culture tonsillar mononuclear cells from healthy humans undergoing partial surgical tonsillectomy to study innate immune responses upon activation, mimicking viral infection in mucosal tissues.

Aislamiento de células mononucleares tonitarias para estudiar las respuestas inmunitarias innatas ex vivo en un tejido linfático mucoso humano

Studying isolated cells from mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues (MALT) allows understanding of immune cells response in pathologies involving mucosal ...

Flotation-Based T Cell Isolation, Activation, and Expansion from Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell Samples Using Microbubbles

The process of isolating T cells from peripheral blood mononuclear&#160;cells (PBMCs) to establish ex vivo cultures is crucial for research, clinical testing, and cell-based therapies. In this study, a simple, novel protocol to isolate, activate, and expand T cells from PBMCs ex vivo is presented. This study utilizes functionalized buoyancy-activated cell sorting (BACS) technology to isolate and activate T cells. Briefly, the protocol involves the positive selection of CD3+ cells from leukopak-derived PBMCs, followed by a 48 h co-stimulation with pre-conjugated anti-CD28-bound streptavidin microbubbles (SAMBs) prior to transduction in 24-well plates. Functionalized microbubbles offer a unique opportunity to buoyantly activate cells, leading to proliferative phenotypes that allow for expansion with minimal exhaustion. This technique offers reduced exhaustion because the co-stimulatory microbubbles remain buoyant and return to the top of the culture medium, thus reducing the amount of time that the expanding cells are in contact with the co-stimulatory factors. The results indicate that the isolated and cultured T cells receive enough stimulation to activate and proliferate but not to an extent that leads to overactivation, which then leads to exhaustion, as demonstrated by the presence of excessive PD-1.

The objective of this study is to demonstrate the feasibility of flotation-based separation to isolate, activate, and expand primary human T cells.

Aislamiento, activación y expansión de células T basadas en flotación a partir de muestras de células mononucleares de sangre periférica humana utilizando microburbujas

The process of isolating T cells from peripheral blood mononuclear&#160;cells (PBMCs) to establish ex vivo cultures is crucial for research, clinical ...

Recolección y crioalmacenamiento de PBMC para el análisis bioenergético mitocondrial

Cryopreservation and Bioenergetic Evaluation of Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells

The physiological functions of eukaryotic cells rely on energy mainly provided by mitochondria. Mitochondrial dysfunction is linked to metabolic diseases and aging. Oxidative phosphorylation plays a decisive role, as it is crucial for the maintenance of energetic homeostasis. PBMCs have been identified as a minimally invasive sample to measure mitochondrial function and have been shown to reflect disease conditions. However, measurement of mitochondrial bioenergetic function can be limited by several factors in human samples. Limitations are the amount of samples taken, sampling time, which is often spread over several days, and locations. Cryopreservation of the collected samples can ensure consistent collection and measurement of samples. Care should be taken to ensure that the parameters measured are comparable between cryopreserved and freshly prepared cells. Here, we describe methods for isolating and cryopreserving PBMCs from human blood samples to analyze the bioenergetic function of the mitochondria in these cells. PBMC cryopreserved according to the protocol described here show only minor differences in cell number and viability, adenosine triphosphate levels, and measured respiratory chain activity compared with freshly harvested cells. Only 8-24 mL of human blood is needed for the described preparations, making it possible to collect samples during clinical studies multicentrally and determine their bioenergetics on site.

Autor destacado: Preservación de parámetros bioenergéticos en células mononucleares de sangre periférica después de la criopreservación 

Isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells can be used for the analysis of immune functions and disorders, metabolic diseases, or mitochondrial functions. In this work, we describe a standardized method for the preparation of PBMCs from whole blood and the subsequent cryopreservation. Cryopreservation makes this time and place independent.

Criopreservación y Evaluación Bioenergética de Células Mononucleares de Sangre Periférica Humana

The physiological functions of eukaryotic cells rely on energy mainly provided by mitochondria. Mitochondrial dysfunction is linked to metabolic diseases ...