この作品は、全国多発性硬化症協会（TA AECへの3021 - A1 / T）とテキサス大学サンアントニオ校によってサポートされていました。

試薬の調製 CAがない場合10X HBSSの一部でパーコールの9部を混合することにより、株式等張パーコール（SIP）、脳あたり4 mlを、準備+ +およびMg + +。 15 mlのポリプロピレンコニカルチューブに分注し、脳当たりのCa + +およびMg + +、2 mlのなく1X HBSSで70％でSIPを準備します。 注：これは、パーコールは室温で使用されることをお勧めします、風邪を使用する場合、細胞が塊に傾向があると細胞分離が少なく効率的です。 組織の収集と均質化氷冷した1 × HBSSで左心室経由でマウスと浸み込ませるの麻酔。脳と脊髄を摘出し、すべてのマウスを屠殺されるまで、フェノールレッドを含まないRPMIで維持する。 RPMI 3mlを含む7または15ミリリットルダウンスホモジナイザーの場所の組織は、優しく、さらに組織を解離するために締め付けフィッティング乳棒（Bサイズ）に続く、緩い乳棒（サイズ）で細胞懸濁液を作る。 RPMIで7 mlに細胞懸濁液の体積を完了します。 勾配は、セットアップ最終的に30％のSIPを作るために細胞懸濁液に、SIPの3 mlを加え徐々に層の70％SIPの上に10 mLの細胞懸濁液。これはプロシージャの中で最も重要なステップであり、70％、30％溶液の混合回避重力モードで設定されたピペットエイドを使用してください。非常に明確なフラットラインは70％-30％の接合部で表示する必要があります。 500G 18℃で30分間遠心操作する相間が乱されないように遠心分離機が最小限、あるいはまったくブレーキで停止することを確認してください。 転送ピペットを用いて、軽くチューブの上部からごみの層を除去し、1X HBSS 8mlを含むきれいなコニカルチューブに70％-30％の相間の2.0〜3.0ミリリットルを収集する。相間を含むパーコールは、3倍程度希釈されていることを確認し、18で500Gで反転しcentrifugre 7分で数回混ぜる℃に懸濁します細胞染色緩衝液1mlでペレットとは、1.5 mlチューブに移すと4℃で10,000 G 1分間℃でマイクロ遠心機を使用して、1つより多くの時間を洗う抗体染色ヤギCD16/CD32を精製した50μlに再懸濁し、ペレットは、Fc結合部位をブロックするために細胞の染色バッファーで1:200に希釈した。 10分間氷の上にインキュベートする。血球計算板を用いて細胞を数える。 氷上で30分間抗体のカクテルミックスとインキュベート（50μl）を加えます。各抗体は、最初に最適な希釈を評価するために滴定する必要があります。レーザーと、特定のフローサイトメーターのフィルタ設定の機能に従って、選択した適切な蛍光色素の組み合わせを使用してください。 細胞の染色バッファ100〜200μlの細胞の染色バッファー、再懸濁し、ペレットに細胞を洗浄し、血球計算器で直ちに分析し、あるいは細胞は4℃のPBSで調製した2％パラホルムアルデヒド（PFA）に再懸濁し、一晩保存することができます° C 。 代表的な結果： グラデーションを回転した後、70％-30％の相間には定義されている白いハロを持っているはず、と素朴なマウスから回収された細胞の定量は、マウスにつき3〜5 × 10 5細胞（脳プラス脊髄）でなければなりません。炎症を起こした脳は中枢神経系の侮辱や疾患モデル（図1）によって炎症細胞数の範囲かもしれない。 <img src="/files/ftp_upload/2348/2348fig1.jpg" alt="図1" /> 図1ピーク疾患におけるナイーブおよびEAE -脳から単核細胞の単離。脳細胞の懸濁液は、不連続70％/ 30％パーコール勾配を介して分離した。染色した細胞を氷上で30分間抗CD45抗体が続くのFc -ブロックとインキュベートした。細胞は、細胞の染色バッファーでリンスし、そしてLSR - IIの2％PFA買収前に修正されました。 CD45の強度は、3つの異なった集団が可視化するY軸、に測定されます。 CD45 ハイテク浸潤細胞の免疫表現型のさらなる特徴は、追加の抗体を使用して実装し、続いてフローサイトメトリーによって分析されます。

<ol>
	<li>Sedgwick, J. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Isolation+and+direct+characterization+of+resident+microglial+cells+from+the+normal+and+inflamed+central+nervous+system.">Isolation and direct characterization of resident microglial cells from the normal and inflamed central nervous system.</a> Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 88, 7438-7442 (1991).</li><li>Ponomarev, E. D., Shriver, L. P., Maresz, K., Dittel, B. N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Microglial+cell+activation+and+proliferation+precedes+the+onset+of+CNS+autoimmunity.">Microglial cell activation and proliferation precedes the onset of CNS autoimmunity.</a> J. Neurosci. Res. 81, 374-389 (2005).</li><li>Ford, A. L., Goodsall, A. L., Hickey, W. F., Sedgwick, J. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Normal+adult+ramified+microglia+separated+from+other+central+nervous+system+macrophages+by+flow+cytometric+sorting.+Phenotypic+differences+defined+and+direct+ex+vivo+antigen+presentation+to+myelin+basic+protein-reactive+CD4++T+cells+compared.">Normal adult ramified microglia separated from other central nervous system macrophages by flow cytometric sorting. Phenotypic differences defined and direct ex vivo antigen presentation to myelin basic protein-reactive CD4+ T cells compared.</a> J Immunol. 154, 4309-4321 (1995).</li><li>Cardona, A. E., Huang, D., Sasse, M. E., Ransohoff, R. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Isolation+of+murine+microglial+cells+for+RNA+analysis+or+flow+cytometry.">Isolation of murine microglial cells for RNA analysis or flow cytometry.</a> Nat. Protoc. 1, 1947-1951 (2006).</li><li>Juedes, A. E., Ruddle, N. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Resident+and+infiltrating+central+nervous+system+APCs+regulate+the+emergence+and+resolution+of+experimental+autoimmune+encephalomyelitis.">Resident and infiltrating central nervous system APCs regulate the emergence and resolution of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.</a> J. Immunol. 166, 5168-5175 (2001).</li><li>Prinz, M., Priller, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Tickets+to+the+brain:+Role+of+CCR2+and+CX(3)CR1+in+myeloid+cell+entry+in+the+CNS.">Tickets to the brain: Role of CCR2 and CX(3)CR1 in myeloid cell entry in the CNS.</a> J Neuroimmunol. , (2010).</li><li>Mildner, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Microglia+in+the+adult+brain+arise+from+Ly-6ChiCCR2++monocytes+only+under+defined+host+conditions.">Microglia in the adult brain arise from Ly-6ChiCCR2+ monocytes only under defined host conditions.</a> Nat. Neurosci. 10, 1544-1553 (2007).</li><li>Djukic, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Circulating+monocytes+engraft+in+the+brain,+differentiate+into+microglia+and+contribute+to+the+pathology+following+meningitis+in+mice.">Circulating monocytes engraft in the brain, differentiate into microglia and contribute to the pathology following meningitis in mice.</a> Brain. 129, 2394-2403 (2006).</li></ol>

利害の衝突は宣言されません。

正常および炎症のマウス組織から中枢神経系の白血球の細胞表面マーカーの分析は、1月3日数十年にわたって利用されている。分離プロトコルは密度遠心4によるミクログリアと白血球の分離に基づいています。ここでは、不連続パーコール勾配を用いて、CNSの白血球を分離するの迅速かつ効果的な方法を説明します。細胞の単離の後、次のような - ではなく、CD45に限られた?...

組織の均質化とグラデーション<ul><li>パーコール（Amersham社） </li><li>カルシウムとマグネシウムのない10Xハンクス平衡塩溶液、（ギブコ） </li><li>フェノールレッドを含まないRPMI培地1640（Gibco社） </li><li> 7 - mlまたは15 mlのダウンスティッシュグラインダ（VWR） </li></ul>フローサイトメトリー<ul><li>細胞の染色バッファー（Biolegend） </li><li>精製ラット抗マウスCD16/CD32（マウスBD Fcをブロック）、BD Pharmingen社</li><li>血球計（フィッシャー） </li><li>抗マウスCD45（クローン30 - F11）、CD4（クローンRM4 - 5）、CD19（クローン6D5）、BioLegend </li><li> 10Xリン酸塩はカルシウムとマグネシウムなしで、緩衝生理食塩水（サーモサイエンティフィック） </li><li>パラホルムアルデヒド（シグマアルドリッチ） </li><li> LSR II（BD Biosciences社）を使用して実行フローサイトメトリー分析</li></ul>

isolation of brain and spinal cord mononuclear cells using percoll gradients

感染症、外傷、自己免疫疾患または神経変性における中枢神経系（CNS）に浸潤する免疫細胞の単離は、しばしばそれらの表現型とエフェクター機能を定義する必要があります。組織化学的アプローチは、浸潤細胞の位置を決定するために、病理関連したCNSを分析するための手段です。しかし、現場組織化学および免疫蛍光染色の技法は、特定の組織に免疫細胞のサブタイプを特徴付けるために一度に使用できる抗体の数によって制限されています。したがって、フローサイトメトリーによる免疫フェノタイピングと一緒に組織学的なアプローチは、完全にローカルのCNS浸潤の組成を特徴づけるために不可欠です。このプロトコルは、不連続パーコール勾配以上のCNSの細胞懸濁液の分離に基づいています。現在の記事は、効率的効果的にフローサイトメトリーにより、単一のサンプル中の様々な免疫細胞集団の同定に利用することができる脳や脊髄の組織から単核細胞を単離するために迅速なプロトコルを記述します。

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Isolation of Brain and Spinal Cord Mononuclear Cells Using Percoll Gradients at JoVE.com

Isolation of Brain and Spinal Cord Mononuclear Cells Using Percoll Gradients

現在の記事は、効率的効果的にフローサイトメトリー分析に利用することができる脳や脊髄の組織から単核細胞を分離するために迅速なプロトコルを記述します。

パーコール勾配を用いて脳と脊髄単核細胞の単離

Isolation of immune cells that infiltrate the central nervous system (CNS) during infection, trauma, autoimmunity or neurodegeneration, is often required ...

isolation-brain-spinal-cord-mononuclear-cells-using-percoll

Research

JoVE Journal

Immunology and Infection

40.6K ビュー.  University of Texas at San Antonio - UTSA. 現在の記事は、効率的効果的にフローサイトメトリー分析に利用することができる脳や脊髄の組織から単核細胞を分離するために迅速なプロトコルを記述します。

ビデオ: Isolation of Brain and Spinal Cord Mononuclear Cells Using Percoll Gradients

Quantitative Assessment of Immune Cells in the Injured Spinal Cord Tissue by Flow Cytometry:  a Novel Use for a Cell Purification Method

Detection of immune cells in the injured central nervous system (CNS) using morphological or histological techniques has not always provided true quantitative analysis of cellular inflammation. Flow cytometry is a quick alternative method to quantify immune cells in the injured brain or spinal cord tissue. Historically, flow cytometry has been used to quantify immune cells collected from blood or dissociated spleen or thymus, and only a few studies have attempted to quantify immune cells in the injured spinal cord by flow cytometry using fresh dissociated cord tissue. However, the dissociated spinal cord tissue is concentrated with myelin debris that can be mistaken for cells and reduce cell count reliability obtained by the flow cytometer. We have advanced a cell preparation method using the OptiPrep gradient system to effectively separate lipid/myelin debris from cells, providing sensitive and reliable quantifications of cellular inflammation in the injured spinal cord by flow cytometry. As described in our recent study (Beck &amp; Nguyen et al., Brain. 2010 Feb; 133 (Pt 2): 433-47), the OptiPrep cell preparation had increased sensitivity to detect cellular inflammation in the injured spinal cord, with counts of specific cell types correlating with injury severity. Critically, novel usage of this method provided the first characterization of acute and chronic cellular inflammation after SCI to include a complete time course for polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs, neutrophils), macrophages/microglia, and T-cells over a period ranging from 2 hours to 180 days post-injury (dpi), identifying a surprising novel second phase of cellular inflammation. Thorough characterization of cellular inflammation using this method may provide a better understanding of neuroinflammation in the injured CNS, and reveal an important multiphasic component of neuroinflammation that may be critical for the design and implementation of rational therapeutic treatment strategies, including both cell-based and pharmacological interventions for SCI.

Quantification of cellular inflammation in the injured/pathological CNS by flow cytometry is complicated by lipid/myelin debris that can have similar size and granulation to cells, decreasing sensitivity/accuracy. We have advanced a cell preparation method to remove myelin debris and improve cell detection by flow cytometry in the injured spinal cord.

フローサイトメトリーによって負傷した脊髄組織における免疫細胞の定量的評価：セルの精製方法のための新しい使用法

Detection of immune cells in the injured central nervous system (CNS) using morphological or histological techniques has not always provided true ...

免疫・感染学

Isolation of Brain-infiltrating Leukocytes

We describe a method for preparing brain infiltrating leukocytes (BILs) from mice. We demonstrate how to infect mice with Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) via a rapid intracranial injection technique and how to purify a leukocyte-enriched population of infiltrating cells from whole brain. Briefly, mice are anesthetized with isoflurane in a closed chamber and are free-hand injected with a Hamilton syringe into the frontal cortex. Mice are then killed at various times after infection by isoflurane overdose and whole brains are extracted and homogenized in RPMI with a Tenbroeck tissue grinder. Brain homogenates are centrifuged through a continuous 30% Percoll gradient to remove the myelin and other cell debris. The cell suspension is then strained at 40 &mu;m, washed and centrifuged on a discontinuous Ficoll-Paque Plus gradient to select and purify the leukocytes. The leukocytes are then washed and resuspended in appropriate buffers for immunophenotyping by flow cytometry. Flow cytometry reveals a population of innate immune cells at the early stages of infection in C57BL/6 mice. At 24 hours post infection, multiple subsets of immune cells are present in the BILs, with an enriched population of Gr1+, CD11b+ and F4/80+cells. Therefore, this method is useful in characterizing the immune response to acute infection in the brain.

A rapid method to obtain infiltrating leukocytes from the murine brain is described. This method utilizes a continuous Percoll gradient and discontinuous Ficoll gradient to select and purify the leukocyte-enriched layer. Isolated leukocytes may then be characterized by flow cytometric measurements.

脳浸潤白血球の分離

We describe a method for preparing brain infiltrating leukocytes (BILs) from mice. We demonstrate how to infect mice with Theiler's murine ...

Isolation of Functional Cardiac Immune Cells

Cardiac immune cells are gaining interest for the roles they play in the pathological remodeling in many cardiac diseases.1-5 These immune cells, which include mast cells, T-cells and macrophages; store and release a variety of biologically active mediators including cytokines and proteases such as tryptase.6-8 These mediators have been shown to be key players in extracellular matrix metabolism by activating matrix metalloproteinases or causing collagen accumulation by modulating the cardiac fibroblasts' function.9-11 However, available techniques for isolating cardiac immune cells have been problematic because they use bacterial collagenase to digest the myocardial tissue. This technique causes activation of the immune cells and thus a loss of function. For example, cardiac mast cells become significantly less responsive to compounds that cause degranulation.12 Therefore, we developed a technique that allows for the isolation of functional cardiac immune cells which would lead to a better understanding of the role of these cells in cardiac disease.13, 14
This method requires a familiarity with the anatomical location of the rat's xiphoid process, axilla and falciform ligament, and pericardium of the heart. These landmarks are important to increase success of the procedure and to ensure a higher yield of cardiac immune cells. These isolated cardiac immune cells can then be used for characterization of functionality, phenotype, maturity, and co-culture experiments with other cardiac cells to gain a better understanding of their interactions.

This method for isolating functional immune cells from the heart provides an alternative to the conventional methods of collagenase digestion, which causes unwanted immune cell activation, resulting in a decreased responsiveness of these cells. Our method of isolation yields functional cardiac immune cells by avoiding problems associated with enzymatic digestion.

機能心臓の免疫細胞の単離

Cardiac immune cells are gaining interest for the roles they play in the pathological remodeling in many cardiac diseases.1-5  These immune cells, which ...

Isolation of Mouse Lung Dendritic Cells

Lung dendritic cells (DC) play a fundamental role in sensing invading pathogens 1,2 as well as in the control of tolerogenic responses 3 in the respiratory tract. At least three main subsets of lung dendritic cells have been described in mice: conventional DC (cDC) 4, plasmacytoid DC (pDC) 5 and the IFN-producing killer DC (IKDC) 6,7. The cDC subset is the most prominent DC subset in the lung 8. 
The common marker known to identify DC subsets is CD11c, a type I transmembrane integrin (&beta;2) that is also expressed on monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils and some B cells 9. In some tissues, using CD11c as a marker to identify mouse DC is valid, as in spleen, where most CD11c+ cells represent the cDC subset which expresses high levels of the major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II). However, the lung is a more heterogeneous tissue where beside DC subsets, there is a high percentage of a distinct cell population that expresses high levels of CD11c bout low levels of MHC-II. Based on its characterization and mostly on its expression of F4&#47;80, an splenic macrophage marker, the CD11chiMHC-IIlo lung cell population has been identified as pulmonary macrophages 10 and more recently, as a potential DC precursor 11. 
In contrast to mouse pDC, the study of the specific role of cDC in the pulmonary immune response has been limited due to the lack of a specific marker that could help in the isolation of these cells. Therefore, in this work, we describe a procedure to isolate highly purified mouse lung cDC. The isolation of pulmonary DC subsets represents a very useful tool to gain insights into the function of these cells in response to respiratory pathogens as well as environmental factors that can trigger the host immune response in the lung.

A highly purified preparation of mouse lung dendritic cells is described. Specific emphasis is given to the isolation of conventional dendritic cell subset.

マウス肺樹状細胞の分離

Lung dendritic cells (DC) play a fundamental role in sensing invading pathogens 1,2 as well as in the control of tolerogenic responses 3 in the ...

Isolation of Precursor B-cell Subsets from Umbilical Cord Blood

Umbilical cord blood is highly enriched for hematopoietic progenitor cells at different lineage commitment stages. We have developed a protocol for isolating precursor B-cells at four different stages of differentiation. Because genes are expressed and epigenetic modifications occur in a tissue specific manner, it is vital to discriminate between tissues and cell types in order to be able to identify alterations in the genome and the epigenome that may lead to the development of disease. This method can be adapted to any type of cell present in umbilical cord blood at any stage of differentiation.	
This method comprises 4 main steps. First, mononuclear cells are separated by density centrifugation. Second, B-cells are enriched using biotin conjugated antibodies that recognize and remove non B-cells from the mononuclear cells. Third the B-cells are fluorescently labeled with cell surface protein antibodies specific to individual stages of B-cell development. Finally, the fluorescently labeled cells are sorted and individual populations are recovered. The recovered cells are of sufficient quantity and quality to be utilized in downstream nucleic acid assays.

Here we describe a protocol for isolating subsets of precursor B-cells from umbilical cord blood. A sufficient quantity and quality of nucleic acids may be extracted from the cells and used in subsequent assays utilizing DNA or RNA.

臍帯血から前駆B細胞サブセットの分離

Umbilical cord blood is highly enriched for hematopoietic progenitor cells at different lineage commitment stages. We have developed a protocol for ...

Isolation of Adipose Tissue Immune Cells

The discovery of increased macrophage infiltration in the adipose tissue (AT) of obese rodents and humans has led to an intensification of interest in immune cell contribution to local and systemic insulin resistance. Isolation and quantification of different immune cell populations in lean and obese AT is now a commonly utilized technique in immunometabolism laboratories; yet extreme care must be taken both in stromal vascular cell isolation and in the flow cytometry analysis so that the data obtained is reliable and interpretable. In this video we demonstrate how to mince, digest, and isolate the immune cell-enriched stromal vascular fraction. Subsequently, we show how to antibody label macrophages and T lymphocytes and how to properly gate on them in flow cytometry experiments. Representative flow cytometry plots from low fat-fed lean and high fat-fed obese mice are provided. A critical element of this analysis is the use of antibodies that do not fluoresce in channels where AT macrophages are naturally autofluorescent, as well as the use of proper compensation controls.

Adipose tissue (AT) is a site of intense immune cell activation and interaction. Almost all cells of the immune system are present in AT and their ratios are altered by obesity. Proper isolation, quantification, and characterization of AT immune cell populations are critical for understanding their role in immunometabolic disease.

脂肪組織の免疫細胞の単離

The discovery of increased macrophage infiltration in  the adipose tissue (AT) of obese rodents and humans has led to an  intensification of interest in ...

Isolation of Myeloid Dendritic Cells and Epithelial Cells from Human Thymus

In this protocol we provide a method to isolate dendritic cells (DC) and epithelial cells (TEC) from the human thymus. DC and TEC are the major antigen presenting cell (APC) types found in a normal thymus and it is well established that they play distinct roles during thymic selection. These cells are localized in distinct microenvironments in the thymus and each APC type makes up only a minor population of cells. To further understand the biology of these cell types, characterization of these cell populations is highly desirable but due to their low frequency, isolation of any of these cell types requires an efficient and reproducible procedure. This protocol details a method to obtain cells suitable for characterization of diverse cellular properties. Thymic tissue is mechanically disrupted and after different steps of enzymatic digestion, the resulting cell suspension is enriched using a Percoll density centrifugation step. For isolation of myeloid DC (CD11c+), cells from the low-density fraction (LDF) are immunoselected by magnetic cell sorting. Enrichment of TEC populations (mTEC, cTEC) is achieved by depletion of hematopoietic (CD45hi) cells from the low-density Percoll cell fraction allowing their subsequent isolation via fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) using specific cell markers. The isolated cells can be used for different downstream applications.

This protocol details a method to isolate antigen presenting cells from human thymus via different steps of enzymatic digestion of the tissue followed by density centrifugation of the single cell suspension and finally magnetic and/or FACS sorting of the cell populations of interest.

ヒト胸腺からの骨髄樹状細胞と上皮細胞の単離

In this protocol we provide a method to isolate dendritic cells (DC) and epithelial cells (TEC) from the human thymus. DC and TEC are the major antigen ...

Detecting Glycogen in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells with Periodic Acid Schiff Staining

Periodic acid Schiff (PAS) staining is an immunohistochemical technique used on muscle biopsies and as a diagnostic tool for blood samples. Polysaccharides such as glycogen, glycoproteins, and glycolipids stain bright magenta making it easy to enumerate positive and negative cells within the tissue. In muscle cells PAS staining is used to determine the glycogen content in different types of muscle cells, while in blood cell samples PAS staining has been explored as a diagnostic tool for a variety of conditions. Blood contains a proportion of white blood cells that belong to the immune system. The notion that cells of the immune system possess glycogen and use it as an energy source has not been widely explored. Here, we describe an adapted version of the PAS staining protocol that can be applied on peripheral blood mononuclear immune cells from human venous blood. Small cells with PAS-positive granules and larger cells with diffuse PAS staining were observed. Treatment of samples with amylase abrogates these patterns confirming the specificity of the stain. An alternate technique based on enzymatic digestion confirmed the presence and amount of glycogen in the samples. This protocol is useful for hematologists or immunologists studying polysaccharide content in blood-derived lymphocytes.

Periodic acid Schiff staining is a technique that visualizes the polysaccharide content of tissues. This article demonstrates periodic acid Schiff staining protocol adapted for use on peripheral blood mononuclear cells purified from human venous blood. Such samples are enriched for lymphocytes and other white blood cells of the immune system.

過ヨウ素酸シッフ染色で末梢血単核細胞中のグリコーゲンの検出

Periodic acid Schiff (PAS) staining is an immunohistochemical technique used on muscle biopsies and as a diagnostic tool for blood samples. ...

Isolation and Flow Cytometric Analysis of Immune Cells from the Ischemic Mouse Brain

Ischemic stroke initiates a robust inflammatory response that starts in the intravascular compartment and involves rapid activation of brain resident cells. A key mechanism of this inflammatory response is the migration of circulating immune cells to the ischemic brain facilitated by chemokine release and increased endothelial adhesion molecule expression. Brain-invading leukocytes are well-known contributing to early-stage secondary ischemic injury, but their significance for the termination of inflammation and later brain repair has only recently been noticed.
Here, a simple protocol for the efficient isolation of immune cells from the ischemic mouse brain is provided. After transcardial perfusion, brain hemispheres are dissected and mechanically dissociated. Enzymatic digestion with Liberase&#160;is followed by density gradient (such as Percoll) centrifugation to remove myelin and cell debris. One major advantage of this protocol is the single-layer density gradient procedure which does not require time-consuming preparation of gradients and can be reliably performed. The approach yields highly reproducible cell counts per brain hemisphere and allows for measuring several flow cytometry panels in one biological replicate. Phenotypic characterization and quantification of brain-invading leukocytes after experimental stroke may contribute to a better understanding of their multifaceted roles in ischemic injury and repair.

Inflammation plays a central role in the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke. Increasing evidence suggests that it acts as a double-edged sword which exacerbates early brain injury, but also contributes to later repair. This protocol describes the isolation of immune cells from the ischemic brain and their subsequent flow cytometric phenotyping.

虚血性マウス脳からの免疫細胞の単離およびフローサイトメトリー分析

Ischemic stroke initiates a robust inflammatory response that starts in the intravascular compartment and involves rapid activation of brain resident ...

Isolation and Flow Cytometric Analysis of Glioma-infiltrating Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells

Our laboratory has recently demonstrated that natural killer (NK) cells are capable of eradicating orthotopically implanted mouse GL26 and rat CNS-1 malignant gliomas soon after intracranial engraftment if the cancer cells are rendered deficient in their expression of the &#946;-galactoside-binding lectin galectin-1 (gal-1). More recent work now shows that a population of Gr-1+/CD11b+ myeloid cells is critical to this effect. To better understand the mechanisms by which NK and myeloid cells cooperate to confer gal-1-deficient tumor rejection we have developed a comprehensive protocol for the isolation and analysis of glioma-infiltrating peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). The method is demonstrated here by comparing PBMC infiltration into the tumor microenvironment of gal-1-expressing GL26 gliomas with those rendered gal-1-deficient via shRNA knockdown. The protocol begins with a description of&#160;how to culture and prepare GL26 cells for inoculation into the syngeneic C57BL/6J mouse brain. It then explains the steps involved in the isolation and flow cytometric analysis of glioma-infiltrating PBMCs from the early brain tumor microenvironment. The method is adaptable to a number of in vivo experimental designs in which temporal data on immune infiltration into the brain is required. The method is sensitive and highly reproducible, as glioma-infiltrating PBMCs can be isolated from intracranial tumors as soon as 24 hr post-tumor engraftment with similar cell counts observed from time point matched tumors throughout independent experiments. A single experimentalist can perform the method from brain harvesting to flow cytometric analysis of glioma-infiltrating PBMCs in roughly 4-6 hr depending on the number of samples to be analyzed. Alternative glioma models and/or cell-specific detection antibodies may also be used at the experimentalists&#8217; discretion to assess the infiltration of several other immune cell types of interest without the need for alterations to the overall procedure.

Presented here is a straightforward method for the isolation and flow cytometric analysis of glioma-infiltrating peripheral blood mononuclear cells that yields time-dependent quantitative data on the number and activation status of immune cells entering the early brain tumor microenvironment.

神経膠腫浸潤末梢血単核細胞の単離およびフローサイトメトリー分析

Our laboratory has recently demonstrated that natural killer (NK) cells are capable of eradicating orthotopically implanted mouse GL26 and rat CNS-1 ...