Este trabajo fue apoyado por el NINDS subvención # NS054148.

Todos los procedimientos con animales fueron aprobados por el Cuidado de Animales y el empleo Comisión Institucional de la Universidad Estatal de Michigan (IACUC). 1. Configuración Experimental <ol><li> Utilice una caja de condicionamiento operante que consiste en una pared nosepoke de cinco orificios en un lado y un canal de suministro de alimentos en el lado opuesto. <ol><li> El centro del agujero nosepoke se considera como una &quot;fijación&quot; agujero y los otros cuatro orificios (dos en cada lado del orificio de fijación) se consideran agujeros objetivo del motor. Cada agujero está equipado con un LED de tres colores y un sistema emisor-detector de haz de infrarrojos que detecta cuando el animal entra y se retrae desde el orificio de fijación. </li><li> Utilice un generador de tonos programables para generar tonos de frecuencia individuales con una precisión de milisegundos y conectarlo a un altavoz montado dentro de la caja operante. Controlar el generador de tonos y nosepokes a través del sistema de seguimiento del comportamiento con el software adecuado. Utilice un hardware y softwson sistema que proporciona monitoreo escala de tiempo de milisegundos de eventos y el control de las señales y las respuestas conductuales. Nota: La amplitud de tono y las señales de ruido debe mantenerse alrededor de 60 ± 3 dB SPL. </li></ol></li></ol> 2. Habituación temprana <ol><li> Restringir el consumo de alimentos de la materia gradualmente hasta ~ 5 g por 100 g de peso normal del sujeto (por ejemplo, en el transcurso de 3 días). El sujeto debe mantener 85-90% de su peso ad libitum. </li><li> Habituar al sujeto a la manipulación por el experimentador y familiarizar al sujeto con el aparato de la primera días de iniciar el protocolo de privación de alimentos. Inicie el manejo del animal y lo coloca en el cuadro de condicionamiento operante mientras que proporciona bolitas de comida en el comedero de pellets para fomentar el tema de explorar la jaula y familiarizarse con la ubicación de entrega recompensa. </li></ol> 3. Sin perjuicio de Formación <ol><li> Indicaciones generales<ol><li> La tarea se sugiere aquí necesita una coordinación precisa entre la percepción de una señal auditiva, minimizando los movimientos durante el período de demora y ejecución del movimiento. </li><li> Poco a poco entrenar al paso paso a objeto de prepararlos para el comportamiento final deseado. </li><li> Asegúrese de que al final de cada etapa, el sujeto mantiene&gt; 75% el rendimiento de comportamiento durante al menos tres sesiones consecutivas antes de pasar a la siguiente etapa. </li><li> Una vez que se alcanza la etapa final, mantener el tema en el protocolo durante una semana para asegurar el rendimiento se mantiene en el nivel deseable. </li></ol></li><li> Inicio: Familiarizar al sujeto con los orificios nosepoke, puerto de la entrega de alimentos y la asociación entre los agujeros intermitentes y recompensa. <ol><li> Seleccione uno de los cuatro objetivos en un horario aleatorio. </li><li> Juega el cue Buscar (un ruido auditivo blanco) y mantener el LED en el interior del agujero intermitente (0,3 seg duración del pulso). </li><li> Establezca los software para recompensar el tema sobre las visitas al hoyo. </li><li> Tiempo de espera del juicio después de 30 segundos si el agujero no es visitada e iniciar un nuevo juicio. </li><li> No recompense a ninguna de las visitas a los agujeros incorrectos. </li></ol></li><li> Selección de destino: Sancionar visitas erróneas a los agujeros no seleccionados. <ol><li> Tras las visitas a los agujeros incorrectos, terminar el juicio seguido por 5 segundos de negro-out. Nota: Durante una época negro de salida, el LED de orificio de fijación se apaga en la jaula. Esto significa que el sujeto no puede iniciar un juicio y tiene que esperar hasta que el orificio de fijación LED comienza a parpadear. </li><li> Seleccione un nuevo agujero y empezar un nuevo juicio. </li></ol></li><li> Nosepoke: Capacitar al sujeto a hurgar en el interior del agujero de fijación para iniciar un juicio. <ol><li> Flash de un LED amarillo en el interior del agujero de fijación. </li><li> Al visitar el agujero de fijación reproducir inmediatamente el cue Go y comenzar un nuevo juicio. </li><li> Penalizar visitas incorrectas por 5 seg; De negro-out. </li></ol></li><li> Delay: Enseñar al sujeto para mantener la nariz en el interior del agujero de fijación por un período determinado de tiempo (período de demora) que se incrementa gradualmente a medida que progresa el entrenamiento. <ol><li> Espere a que el objeto de visitar el agujero de fijación. </li><li> Terminar el juicio si el sujeto se retrae dentro de los 500 ms. De lo contrario, jugar el cue Go. </li><li> Penalizar retracciones prematuros por un periodo negro de salida durante 7 s. </li><li> Premiar las visitas correctas mediante la entrega de una bolita de comida. </li></ol></li><li> Dos Cues (con luz): Aumentar y aleatoriamente la longitud del periodo de demora e introducir el taco instrucción auditiva. <ol><li> Aumentar la longitud del período de retardo a un promedio de 1,5 seg. </li><li> Seleccione un tiempo de longitud periodo aleatorio en cada ensayo basado en una densidad uniforme entre 1.3 a 1.8 seg. </li><li> Introducir la señal de instrucción como un tono auditivo sola frecuencia pulsada en tripletes, con una duración de pulso de 150 mseg yintervalo entre de 100 ms. <ol><li> Juega el cue instrucción inmediatamente después de que el sujeto entra en el agujero de fijación. </li><li> Asigne dos señales de instrucción a cada uno de los objetivos. </li><li> Utilice únicamente una señal asociada para cada objetivo en esta etapa. </li></ol></li><li> Deje que el sujeto utilice ambas señales auditivas y visuales para seleccionar el agujero blanco. </li></ol></li><li> Dos Cues (sin luz): entrenar a los sujetos a sólo utilizan señales auditivas. <ol><li> Apagar los LEDs parpadeantes dentro de los agujeros de destino para que el sujeto sólo utilizar claves de instrucciones auditivas. </li></ol></li><li> Cuatro Cues: Introducir las otras dos señales a la secuencia de las señales de instrucción presentados aleatoriamente y repetir secciones 3.5.3-3.6.1. </li></ol> 4. Análisis de los datos de comportamiento <ol><li> Porcentaje de éxito: definir la tasa de éxito como el porcentaje de visitas correctas a las metas, dividido por el número total de ensayos. <ol><li&gt; Medir la tasa de éxito en cada etapa de la formación. </li></ol></li><li> Tipos de errores: <ol><li> Retracción prematura: medir el porcentaje de ensayos oportuna debido a primeras retracciones del agujero de fijación. </li><li> Error Comisión: Calcular el porcentaje de ensayos fallidos cuando el sujeto visita un destino sin instrucción </li><li> Error Omisión: Calcular el porcentaje de errores cuando el sujeto no visita alguno de los blancos después de la iniciación del juicio. </li></ol></li><li> Las variables medidas: <ol><li> Tiempo de reacción (RT): Para cada ensayo, medir el retraso entre el inicio de la señal Go y la retracción tema desde el orificio de fijación. </li><li> Tiempo a Target (TT): Mide la duración entre la retracción tema desde el agujero de la fijación y de entrar en el agujero blanco. </li></ol></li></ol>

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Los autores declaran no tener intereses financieros en competencia.

Las ratas han sido ampliamente utilizados en la investigación en neurociencias durante más de un siglo. Desde la introducción de Thorndike del concepto de la ley del efecto en los gatos 34, el condicionamiento operante ha sido el método estándar para probar diferentes aspectos del comportamiento animal. Muchos experimentos de neurociencia que implican la toma de decisiones y la preparación del motor incluyen un período de retraso entre las señales de instrucción y el intervalo de la acción. Es desea...

<html> El estudio de la relación entre la neurofisiología y la conducta es el objetivo final de la neurociencia de sistemas. Históricamente, ha habido un equilibrio entre la elección del modelo animal y de repertorio conductual 1-5. Mientras que los organismos simples como babosas de mar 6 o 7 calamares se han utilizado ampliamente para estudiar las propiedades de los canales de iones sola, las neuronas y los circuitos neurales simples, se necesitan las especies de orden superior para estudiar funciones más complejas tales como la navegación espacial, de toma de decisiones 8-11 y cognitiva controlar 12-14. A pesar de ser un modelo animal estándar para el consumo humano como el comportamiento, el uso de primates no humanos solicita consideraciones de costo y éticos que se opone a su uso en una amplia gama de experimentos en un solo establecimiento de 15-18 laboratorio. Modelos animales más simples, tales como roedores son generalmente preferidos 19, siempre que tengan sustratos neurales que subyacen a los comportamientos similares de interés. &quot;&gt; Hay amplia evidencia que sugiere que los roedores comparten estructuras corticales y subcorticales similares a los encontrados en los primates 20-22. Los roedores también son conocidos por integrar la información a través de múltiples modalidades sensoriales para guiar su acción 23 a 25, por ejemplo, mediante la coordinación de bate y olfateando durante la conducta exploratoria 26 o mediante la integración de eventos auditivos y visuales / olfativos 25,27. Aquí se describe un marco para el condicionamiento operante de roedores utilizados para probar las tareas cognitivas 28-32. En este marco, se pidió a los sujetos a fijar la vista en el interior de un agujero nosepoke y mantener su hocico dentro del agujero hasta la presentación de un taco de marcha. La tarea de comportamiento es un diseño nosepoke cinco hoyos que se utiliza convencionalmente para estudios de tarea de tiempo de reacción en serie 5-elección. Durante el período de retardo, una serie de señales de instrucción se presenta para orientar el objeto de realizar una acción. Este marco se puede modificar fácilmente para adaptarsese necesita una amplia gama de experimentos en los que la formación de la materia para minimizar su movimiento abierta durante un breve intervalo. Esto permite estudiar el grado en que la actividad Rematar de las neuronas individuales se ve afectada por señales específicas durante este intervalo. El protocolo se puede reducir al mínimo el tiempo de entrenamiento y puede reducir a través de La variabilidad de aprendizaje. Un diagrama de flujo esquemático de la tarea se muestra en la Figura 1.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="757">
	<colgroup>
		<col />
		<col />
		<col />
		<col />
	</colgroup>
	<tbody>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:359px;"> 5-HOLED NOSE POKE WITH 3STIM CUE LIGHT - RAT CAGE</td>
			<td style="width:112px;">Coulbourn</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"> H21-06M/R</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"> </td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:359px;">TEST CAGE</td>
			<td style="width:112px;">Coulbourn</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">H10-11R-TC</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:359px;">Graphic State Software</td>
			<td style="width:112px;">Coulbourn</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"> </td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:359px;">PROGRAMMABLE TONE/NOISE GENERATOR</td>
			<td style="width:112px;">Coulbourn</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">A12-33</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:359px;">Dustless Precision Pellets</td>
			<td style="width:112px;">Bio-Serv</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">F0165</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:359px;"> SPEAKER MODULE</td>
			<td style="width:112px;">Coulbourn</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">H12-01R</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
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a fully automated rodent conditioning protocol for sensorimotor integration and cognitive control experiments

Los roedores se han utilizado tradicionalmente como un modelo animal estándar en experimentos de laboratorio con una gran variedad de tareas sensoriales, cognitivas y motoras. Funciones cognitivas superiores que requieren un control preciso sobre las respuestas sensoriomotoras, como la toma de decisiones y la modulación atencional, sin embargo, suelen ser evaluados en los primates no humanos. A pesar de la riqueza de la conducta de los primates que permite múltiples variantes de estas funciones para ser estudiados, el modelo de roedores sigue siendo una alternativa atractiva y rentable para los modelos de primates. Además, la capacidad de automatizar completamente el condicionamiento operante en roedores añade ventajas únicas sobre la formación mano de obra intensiva de los primates no humanos, mientras que el estudio de una amplia gama de estas funciones complejas. Aquí, presentamos un protocolo para operantemente acondicionado ratas en la realización de tareas de memoria de trabajo. Durante épocas críticos de la tarea, el protocolo garantiza que el movimiento explícito del animal se minimiza por requiring que el animal &#39;Fixate&#39; hasta que se entrega una señal Go, similar al diseño experimental de primates no humanos. Un sencillo de dos alternativas tarea de elección forzada se implementa para demostrar el rendimiento. Se discute la aplicación de este paradigma para otras tareas.

El marco propuesto permite la formación de la materia en una serie de tareas cognitivas. Aquí hemos implementado una tarea demora instruido diseñado para investigar los mecanismos de acciones dirigidas a un objetivo en la corteza prefrontal de los roedores. Figura 1 muestra un diagrama de flujo del diseño experimental. Para asegurarse de que el sujeto entiende la exigencia de tareas a cada paso, las medidas de desempeño deben ser evaluados continuamente. Figura ...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Fully Automated Rodent Conditioning Protocol for Sensorimotor Integration and Cognitive Control Experiments at JoVE.com

A Fully Automated Rodent Conditioning Protocol for Sensorimotor Integration and Cognitive Control Experiments

Se propone un protocolo totalmente automatizado para roedores condicionamiento operante. El protocolo se basa en el control temporal preciso de eventos conductuales para investigar el grado en que las influencias de este control de la actividad neural subyacente de integración sensoriomotora y control cognitivo experimentos.

Un sistema totalmente automatizado Protocolo acondicionado Roedor de Sensorimotor Integración y control de los experimentos cognitivos

Rodents have been traditionally used as a standard animal model in laboratory experiments involving a myriad of sensory, cognitive, and motor tasks. ...

a-fully-automated-rodent-conditioning-protocol-for-sensorimotor

Research

JoVE Journal

Behavior

10.5K vistas.  Michigan State University.  Se propone un protocolo totalmente automatizado para roedores condicionamiento operante. El protocolo se basa en el control temporal preciso de eventos conductuales para investigar el grado en que las influencias de este control de la actividad neural subyacente de integración sensoriomotora y control cognitivo experimentos. 

Video: A Fully Automated Rodent Conditioning Protocol for Sensorimotor Integration and Cognitive Control Experiments

A Method for Investigating Age-related Differences in the Functional Connectivity of Cognitive Control Networks Associated with Dimensional Change Card Sort Performance

The ability to adjust behavior to sudden changes in the environment develops gradually in childhood and adolescence. For example, in the Dimensional Change Card Sort task, participants switch from sorting cards one way, such as shape, to sorting them a different way, such as color. Adjusting behavior in this way exacts a small performance cost, or switch cost, such that responses are typically slower and more error-prone on switch trials in which the sorting rule changes as compared to repeat trials in which the sorting rule remains the same. The ability to flexibly adjust behavior is often said to develop gradually, in part because behavioral costs such as switch costs typically decrease with increasing age. Why aspects of higher-order cognition, such as behavioral flexibility, develop so gradually remains an open question. One hypothesis is that these changes occur in association with functional changes in broad-scale cognitive control networks. On this view, complex mental operations, such as switching, involve rapid interactions between several distributed brain regions, including those that update and maintain task rules, re-orient attention, and select behaviors. With development, functional connections between these regions strengthen, leading to faster and more efficient switching operations. The current video describes a method of testing this hypothesis through the collection and multivariate analysis of fMRI data from participants of different ages.

This video presents a method of examining age-related changes in functional connectivity of cognitive control networks engaged by targeted tasks/processes. The technique is based on multi-variate analysis of fMRI data.

Un método para investigar las diferencias relacionadas con la edad en la conectividad funcional de las redes de control cognitivo asociado con el cambio dimensional Card Ordenar Performance

The ability to adjust behavior to sudden changes in the environment develops gradually in childhood and adolescence. For example, in the Dimensional ...

Investigación

Comportamiento

Automated Visual Cognitive Tasks for Recording Neural Activity Using a Floor Projection Maze

Neuropsychological tasks used in primates to investigate mechanisms of learning and memory are typically visually guided cognitive tasks. We have developed visual cognitive tasks for rats using the Floor Projection Maze1,2&#160;that are optimized for visual abilities of rats permitting stronger comparisons of experimental findings with other species.
In order to investigate neural correlates of learning and memory, we have integrated electrophysiological recordings into fully automated cognitive tasks on the Floor Projection Maze1,2. Behavioral software interfaced with an animal tracking system allows monitoring of the animal's behavior with precise control of image presentation and reward contingencies for better trained animals. Integration with an in vivo electrophysiological recording system enables examination of behavioral correlates of neural activity at selected epochs of a given cognitive task.
We describe protocols for a model system that combines automated visual presentation of information to rodents and intracranial reward with electrophysiological approaches. Our model system offers a sophisticated set of tools as a framework for other cognitive tasks to better isolate and identify specific mechanisms contributing to particular cognitive processes.

We describe protocols for training rats for chronic electrophysiological recordings in fully automated cognitive tasks on a Floor Projection Maze.

Tareas Cognitivas Visuales automatizadas para grabación Neural actividad utilizando una proyección del suelo Maze

Neuropsychological tasks used in primates to investigate mechanisms of learning and memory are typically visually guided cognitive tasks. We have ...

Assessment of Social Cognition in Non-human Primates Using a Network of Computerized Automated Learning Device (ALDM) Test Systems

Fagot &#38; Paleressompoulle1 and Fagot &#38; Bonte2 have published an automated learning device (ALDM) for the study of cognitive abilities of monkeys maintained in semi-free ranging conditions. Data accumulated during the last five years have consistently demonstrated the efficiency of this protocol to investigate individual/physical cognition in monkeys, and have further shown that this procedure reduces stress level during animal testing3. This paper demonstrates that networks of ALDM can also be used to investigate different facets of social cognition and in-group expressed behaviors in monkeys, and describes three illustrative protocols developed for that purpose. The first study demonstrates how ethological assessments of social behavior and computerized assessments of cognitive performance could be integrated to investigate the effects of socially exhibited moods on the cognitive performance of individuals. The second study shows that batteries of ALDM running in parallel can provide unique information on the influence of the presence of others on task performance. Finally, the last study shows that networks of ALDM test units can also be used to study issues related to social transmission and cultural evolution. Combined together, these three studies demonstrate clearly that ALDM testing is a highly promising experimental tool for bridging the gap in the animal literature between research on individual cognition and research on social cognition.

Assessment of Social Cognition in Non-human Primates Using a Network of Computerized Automated Learning Device ALDM Test Systems

Fagot &#38; Paleressompoulle1 have published an automated learning device (ALDM) aimed at testing individual cognitive abilities in semi-free ranging monkeys. The main goal of our protocol is to use a network of ALDM test units to study social cognition in non-human primates.

Evaluación de la cognición social en primates no humanos mediante una red de Computarizado Dispositivo Automatizado Learning Systems (ALDM) prueba

Fagot &#38; Paleressompoulle1 and Fagot &#38; Bonte2 have published an automated learning device (ALDM) for the study of cognitive abilities of monkeys ...

A Structured Rehabilitation Protocol for Improved Multifunctional Prosthetic Control: A Case Study

Advances in robotic systems have resulted in prostheses for the upper limb that can produce multifunctional movements. However, these sophisticated systems require upper limb amputees to learn complex control schemes. Humans have the ability to learn new movements through imitation and other learning strategies. This protocol describes a structured rehabilitation method, which includes imitation, repetition, and reinforcement learning, and aims to assess if this method can improve multifunctional prosthetic control. A left below elbow amputee, with 4 years of experience in prosthetic use, took part in this case study. The prosthesis used was a Michelangelo hand with wrist rotation, and the added features of wrist flexion and extension, which allowed more combinations of hand movements. The participant&#8217;s Southampton Hand Assessment Procedure score improved from 58 to 71 following structured training. This suggests that a structured training protocol of imitation, repetition and reinforcement may have a role in learning to control a new prosthetic hand. A larger clinical study is however required to support these findings.

As prosthetic development moves towards the goal of natural control, harnessing amputees&#8217; inherent ability to learn new motor skills may enable proficiency. This manuscript describes a structured rehabilitation protocol, which includes imitation, repetition, and reinforcement learning strategies, for improved multifunctional prosthetic control.

Un protocolo de rehabilitación estructurado para Mejorar Multifuncional protésica Control: Un estudio de caso

Advances in robotic systems have resulted in prostheses for the upper limb that can produce multifunctional movements. However, these sophisticated ...

Protocol for Data Collection and Analysis Applied to Automated Facial Expression Analysis Technology and Temporal Analysis for Sensory Evaluation

We demonstrate a method for capturing emotional response to beverages and liquefied foods in a sensory evaluation laboratory using automated facial expression analysis (AFEA) software. Additionally, we demonstrate a method for extracting relevant emotional data output and plotting the emotional response of a population over a specified time frame. By time pairing each participant's treatment response to a control stimulus (baseline), the overall emotional response over time and across multiple participants can be quantified. AFEA is a prospective analytical tool for assessing unbiased response to food and beverages. At present, most research has mainly focused on beverages. Methodologies and analyses have not yet been standardized for the application of AFEA to beverages and foods; however, a consistent standard methodology is needed. Optimizing video capture procedures and resulting video quality aids in a successful collection of emotional response to foods. Furthermore, the methodology of data analysis is novel for extracting the pertinent data relevant to the emotional response. The combinations of video capture optimization and data analysis will aid in standardizing the protocol for automated facial expression analysis and interpretation of emotional response data.

A protocol for capturing and statistically analyzing emotional response of a population to beverages and liquefied foods in a sensory evaluation laboratory using automated facial expression analysis software is described.

Protocolo para la Recolección de Datos y Análisis Aplicado a Automatizado facial Tecnología de Análisis de Expresión y Análisis temporal para la Evaluación Sensorial

We demonstrate a method for capturing emotional response to beverages and liquefied foods in a sensory evaluation laboratory using automated facial ...

Eye-Tracking Control to Assess Cognitive Functions in Patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disorder with pathological involvement of upper and lower motoneurons, subsequently leading to progressive loss of motor and speech abilities. In addition, cognitive functions are impaired in a subset of patients. To evaluate these potential deficits in severely physically impaired ALS patients, eye-tracking is a promising means to conduct cognitive tests. The present article focuses on how eye movements, an indirect means of communication for physically disabled patients, can be utilized to allow for detailed neuropsychological assessment. The requirements, in terms of oculomotor parameters that have to be met for sufficient eye-tracking in ALS patients are presented. The properties of stimuli, including type of neuropsychological tests and style of presentation, best suited to successfully assess cognitive functioning, are also described. Furthermore, recommendations regarding procedural requirements are provided. Overall, this methodology provides a reliable, easy to administer and fast approach for assessing cognitive deficits in patients who are unable to speak or write such as patients with severe ALS. The only confounding factor might be deficits in voluntary eye movement control in a subset of ALS patients.

Cognitive deficits are common in about one third of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, a neurological condition leading to progressive impairments in speech and movement abilities. To conduct cognitive tests in patients unable to speak or write a reliable and easy to administer eye-tracking paradigm was developed.

Eye-Tracking de control para evaluar las funciones cognitivas en pacientes con esclerosis lateral amiotrófica

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disorder with pathological involvement of upper and lower motoneurons, subsequently leading to ...

Automated, Long-term Behavioral Assay for Cognitive Functions in Multiple Genetic Models of Alzheimer's Disease, Using IntelliCage

Multiple factors&#8212;such as aging and genes&#8212;are frequently associated with cognitive decline. Genetically modified mouse models of cognitive decline, such as Alzheimer&#39;s disease (AD), have become a promising tool to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and promote the therapeutic advances. An important step is the validation and characterization of expected behavioral abnormality in the models, in the case of AD, cognitive decline. The long-term behavioral investigations of laboratory animals to study the effect of aging demand substantial efforts from researchers. The IntelliCage system is a high-throughput and cost-effective test battery for mice that eliminates the need for daily human handling. Here, we describe how the system is utilized in the long-term phenotyping of a genetic Alzheimer&#39;s disease model, specifically focusing on the cognitive functions. The experiment employs repeated battery of tests that assess spatial learning and executive functions. This cost-effective age-dependent phenotyping allows us to identify the transient and/or permanent effects of genes on various cognitive aspects.

Automated, Long-term Behavioral Assay for Cognitive Functions in Multiple Genetic Models of Alzheimer&#039;s Disease, Using IntelliCage

This paper describes a protocol for cognitive assessments for genetic models of the Alzheimer&#39;s disease using the IntelliCage system, which is a high throughput automated behavioral monitoring system with operant conditioning.

Automatizado, ensayo conductual a largo plazo para las funciones cognitivas en múltiples modelos genéticos de la enfermedad de Alzheimer, utilizando IntelliCage

Multiple factors&#8212;such as aging and genes&#8212;are frequently associated with cognitive decline. Genetically modified mouse models of cognitive ...

A Networked Desktop Virtual Reality Setup for Decision Science and Navigation Experiments with Multiple Participants

Investigating the interactions among multiple participants is a challenge for researchers from various disciplines, including the decision sciences and spatial cognition. With a local area network and dedicated software platform, experimenters can efficiently monitor the behavior of the participants that are simultaneously immersed in a desktop virtual environment and digitalize the collected data. These capabilities allow for experimental designs in spatial cognition and navigation research that would be difficult (if not impossible) to conduct in the real world. Possible experimental variations include stress during an evacuation, cooperative and competitive search tasks, and other contextual factors that may influence emergent crowd behavior. However, such a laboratory requires maintenance and strict protocols for data collection in a controlled setting. While the external validity of laboratory studies with human participants is sometimes questioned, a number of recent papers suggest that the correspondence between real and virtual environments may be sufficient for studying social behavior in terms of trajectories, hesitations, and spatial decisions. In this article, we describe a method for conducting experiments on decision-making and navigation with up to 36 participants in a networked desktop virtual reality setup (i.e., the Decision Science Laboratory or DeSciL). This experiment protocol can be adapted and applied by other researchers in order to set up a networked desktop virtual reality laboratory.

This paper describes a method for conducting multi-user experiments on decision-making and navigation using a networked computer laboratory.

Una instalación de realidad Virtual Desktop en red para la decisión de la ciencia y experimentos de navegación con múltiples participantes

Investigating the interactions among multiple participants is a challenge for researchers from various disciplines, including the decision sciences and ...

Virtual Reality Experiments with Physiological Measures

Virtual reality (VR) experiments are increasingly employed because of their internal and external validity compared to real-world observation and laboratory experiments, respectively. VR is especially useful for geographic visualizations and investigations of spatial behavior. In spatial behavior research, VR provides a platform for studying the relationship between navigation and physiological measures (e.g., skin conductance, heart rate, blood pressure). Specifically, physiological measures allow researchers to address novel questions and constrain previous theories of spatial abilities, strategies, and performance. For example, individual differences in navigation performance may be explained by the extent to which changes in arousal mediate the effects of task difficulty. However, the complexities in the design and implementation of VR experiments can distract experimenters from their primary research goals and introduce irregularities in data collection and analysis. To address these challenges, the Experiments in Virtual Environments (EVE) framework includes standardized modules such as participant training with the control interface, data collection using questionnaires, the synchronization of physiological measurements, and data storage. EVE also provides the necessary infrastructure for data management, visualization, and evaluation. The present paper describes a protocol that employs the EVE framework to conduct navigation experiments in VR with physiological sensors. The protocol lists the steps necessary for recruiting participants, attaching the physiological sensors, administering the experiment using EVE, and assessing the collected data with EVE evaluation tools. Overall, this protocol will facilitate future research by streamlining the design and implementation of VR experiments with physiological sensors.

Virtual reality (VR) experiments can be difficult to implement and require meticulous planning. This protocol describes a method for the design and implementation of VR experiments that collect physiological data from human participants. The Experiments in Virtual Environments (EVE) framework is employed to accelerate this process.

Experimentos de realidad virtual con medidas fisiológicas

Virtual reality (VR) experiments are increasingly employed because of their internal and external validity compared to real-world observation and ...

Visual Classical Conditioning in Wood Ants

Several species of insects have become model systems for studying learning and memory formation. Although many studies focus on freely moving animals, studies implementing classical conditioning paradigms with harnessed insects have been important for investigating the exact cues that individuals learn and the neural mechanisms underlying learning and memory formation. Here we present a protocol for evoking visual associative learning in wood ants through classical conditioning. In this paradigm, ants are harnessed and presented with a visual cue (a blue cardboard), the conditional stimulus (CS), paired with an appetitive sugar reward, the unconditional stimulus (US). Ants perform a Maxilla-Labium Extension Reflex (MaLER), the unconditional response (UR), which can be used as a readout for learning. Training consists of 10 trials, separated by a 5-minute intertrial interval (ITI). Ants are also tested for memory retention 10 minutes or 1 hour after training. This protocol has the potential to allow researchers to analyze, in a precise and controlled manner, the details of visual memory formation and the neural basis of learning and memory formation in wood ants.

We present a protocol for the classical conditioning of harnessed ants that permits researchers to study visual learning and memory formation at a level of analysis not possible with freely moving individuals.

Visual condicionamiento clásico en madera hormigas

Several species of insects have become model systems for studying learning and memory formation. Although many studies focus on freely moving animals, ...