Los autores desean reconocer Christopher Green, Bradley Robinson, y María Manuela Valladares, para ayudar con la recolección de datos. Los fondos para el equipo de EEG fue proporcionado por la Oficina de Investigación y Estudios de Posgrado Equipo de Grant de la Universidad del Estado de Utah para multisensorial Laboratorio de Cognición de Kerry Jordan. Benjamin llamadas está apoyado por una beca de investigación de Doctorado Presidencial alcanzado desde la Escuela de Estudios de Posgrado de la Universidad del Estado de Utah por su trabajo con el Dr. Wade Goodridge.

<ol>
	<li>Sorby, S. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Educational+Research+in+Developing+3-D+Spatial+Skills+for+Engineering+Students.">Educational Research in Developing 3-D Spatial Skills for Engineering Students.</a> Int. J. Sci. Educ. 31 (3), 459-480 (2009).</li><li>Wai, J., Lubinski, D., Benbow, C. P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Spatial+Ability+for+STEM+Domains:+Aligning+Over+50+Years+of+Cumulative+Psychological+Knowledge+Solidifies+Its+Importance.">Spatial Ability for STEM Domains: Aligning Over 50 Years of Cumulative Psychological Knowledge Solidifies Its Importance.</a> J. Educ. Psychol. 101 (4), 817-835 (2009).</li><li>Uttal, D. H., Cohen, C. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Spatial+Thinking+and+STEM+Education:+When,+Why,+and+How?.">Spatial Thinking and STEM Education: When, Why, and How?.</a> Psychol. Learn. Motiv. 57, 147-181 (2012).</li><li>Halpern, D. F., Collaer, M. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> The Cambridge handbook of visuospatial thinking. , (2005).</li><li>Lubinski, D., Benbow, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Study+of+mathematically+precocious+youth+after+35+years.">Study of mathematically precocious youth after 35 years.</a> Perspect. Psychol. Sci. 1 (4), 316-345 (2006).</li><li>Sorby, S., Casey, B., Veurink, N., Dulaney, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+role+of+spatial+training+in+improving+spatial+and+calculus+performance+in+engineering+students.">The role of spatial training in improving spatial and calculus performance in engineering students.</a> Learn. Individ. Differ. 26, 20-29 (2013).</li><li>Peters, M., Chisholm, P., Laeng, B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Spatial+ability,+student+gender,+and+academic+performance.">Spatial ability, student gender, and academic performance.</a> J. Eng. Educ. 84 (1), 1-5 (1994).</li><li>Pellegrino, J. W., Alderton, D. L., Shute, V. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Understanding+Spatial+Ability.">Understanding Spatial Ability.</a> Educ. Psychol. 19 (3), 239-253 (1984).</li><li>Goodridge, W., Villanueva, I., Wan, N. J., Call, B. J., Valladares, M. M., Robinson, B. S., Jordan, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Neural+efficiency+similarities+between+engineering+students+solving+statics+and+spatial+ability+problems.">Neural efficiency similarities between engineering students solving statics and spatial ability problems.</a> Poster presented at the meeting of the Society for Neuroscience. , (2014).</li><li>Sorby, S. A., Baartmans, B. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+Development+and+Assessment+of+a+Course+for+Enhancing+the+3-D+Spatial+Visualization+Skills+of+First+Year+Engineering+Students.">The Development and Assessment of a Course for Enhancing the 3-D Spatial Visualization Skills of First Year Engineering Students.</a> J. Eng. Educ. 89 (3), 301-307 (2000).</li><li>Gorska, R., Sorby, S. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Testing+instruments+for+the+assessment+of+3-D+spatial+skills.">Testing instruments for the assessment of 3-D spatial skills.</a> Proceedings of the American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference. , (2008).</li><li>. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> CEEB Special aptitude test in spatial relations. , (1939).</li><li>Guay, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Purdue spatial visualization test. , (1976).</li><li>Hegarty, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Components of Spatial Intelligence. , (2010).</li><li>Bishop, J. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Developing+Students'+Spatial+Ability.">Developing Students' Spatial Ability.</a> Sci. Teacher. 45 (8), 20-23 (1978).</li><li>Goodridge, W. H., Villanueva, I., Call, B. J., Valladares, M. M., Wan, N., Green, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cognitive+strategies+and+misconceptions+in+introductory+Statics+problems.">Cognitive strategies and misconceptions in introductory Statics problems.</a> 2014 IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference (FIE) Proceedings. , 2152-2159 (2014).</li><li>Steif, P. S., Dantzler, J. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+Statics+Concept+Inventory:+Development+and+Psychometric+Analysis.">A Statics Concept Inventory: Development and Psychometric Analysis.</a> J. Eng. Educ. 94 (4), 363-371 (2005).</li><li>Suresh, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+relationship+between+barrier+courses+and+persistence+in+engineering.">The relationship between barrier courses and persistence in engineering.</a> J. Coll. Student Retention. 8 (2), 215-239 (2006).</li><li>Pfurtscheller, G., Lopes da Silva, F. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Event-related+EEG/MEG+synchronization+and+desynchronization:+basic+principles.">Event-related EEG/MEG synchronization and desynchronization: basic principles.</a> Clin. Neurophysiol. 110 (11), 1842-1857 (1999).</li><li>Klimesch, W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=EEG+alpha+and+theta+oscillations+reflect+cognitive+and+memory+performance:+a+review+and+analysis.">EEG alpha and theta oscillations reflect cognitive and memory performance: a review and analysis.</a> Brain Res. Brain Res. Rev. 29 (2-3), 169-195 (1999).</li><li>Babiloni, C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Resting+state+cortical+rhythms+in+athletes:+a+high-resolution+EEG+study.">Resting state cortical rhythms in athletes: a high-resolution EEG study.</a> Brain Res. Bull. 81 (1), 149-156 (2010).</li><li>Babiloni, C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=34;Neural+efficiency&amp;#34;+of+experts'+brain+during+judgment+of+actions:+a+high-resolution+EEG+study+in+elite+and+amateur+karate+athletes.">34;Neural efficiency&amp;#34; of experts' brain during judgment of actions: a high-resolution EEG study in elite and amateur karate athletes.</a> Behav. Brain Res. 207 (2), 466-475 (2010).</li><li>Del Percio, C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=&#34;Neural+efficiency&#34;+of+athletes'+brain+for+upright+standing:+a+high-resolution+EEG+study.">&#34;Neural efficiency&#34; of athletes' brain for upright standing: a high-resolution EEG study.</a> Brain Res. Bull. 79 (3-4), 193-200 (2009).</li><li>Grabner, R. H., Fink, A., Stipacek, A., Neuper, C., Neubauer, A. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Intelligence+and+working+memory+systems:+evidence+of+neural+efficiency+in+alpha+band+ERD.">Intelligence and working memory systems: evidence of neural efficiency in alpha band ERD.</a> Brain Res. Cognitive Brain Res. 20 (2), 212-225 (2004).</li><li>Grabner, R. H., Neubauer, A. C., Stern, E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Superior+performance+and+neural+efficiency:+the+impact+of+intelligence+and+expertise.">Superior performance and neural efficiency: the impact of intelligence and expertise.</a> Brain Res. Bull. 69 (4), 422-439 (2006).</li><li>Grabner, R. H., Stern, E., Neubauer, A. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=When+intelligence+loses+its+impact+neural+efficiency+during+reasoning+in+a+familiar+area.">When intelligence loses its impact neural efficiency during reasoning in a familiar area.</a> Int. J. Psychophysiol. 49, 89-98 (2003).</li><li>Neubauer, A. C., Grabner, R. H., Fink, A., Neuper, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Intelligence+and+neural+efficiency:+Further+evidence+of+the+influence+of+task+content+and+sex+on+the+brain-IQ+relationship.">Intelligence and neural efficiency: Further evidence of the influence of task content and sex on the brain-IQ relationship.</a> Cognitive Brain Res. 25 (1), 217-225 (2005).</li><li>Riecansk&#253;, I., Katina, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Induced+EEG+alpha+oscillations+are+related+to+mental+rotation+ability:+The+evidence+for+neural+efficiency+and+serial+processing.">Induced EEG alpha oscillations are related to mental rotation ability: The evidence for neural efficiency and serial processing.</a> Neurosci. Lett. 482 (2), 133-136 (2010).</li><li>Roberts, J. E., Ann Bell, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Two-+and+three-dimensional+mental+rotation+tasks+lead+to+different+parietal+laterality+for+men+and+women.">Two- and three-dimensional mental rotation tasks lead to different parietal laterality for men and women.</a> Int. J. Psychophysiol. 50 (3), 235-246 (2003).</li><li>Roberts, J. E., Bell, M. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+effects+of+age+and+sex+on+mental+rotation+performance,+verbal+performance,+and+brain+electrical+activity.">The effects of age and sex on mental rotation performance, verbal performance, and brain electrical activity.</a> Dev. Psychobiol. 40 (4), 391-407 (2002).</li><li>Gill, H. S., O'Boyle, M. W., Hathaway, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cortical+distribution+of+EEG+activity+for+component+processes+during+mental+rotation.">Cortical distribution of EEG activity for component processes during mental rotation.</a> Cortex. 34 (5), 707-718 (1998).</li><li>Caplan, J. B., Madsen, J. R., Schulze-Bonhage, A., Aschenbrenner-Scheibe, R., Newman, E. L., Kahana, M. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Human+Theta+Oscillations+Related+to+Sensorimotor+Integration+and+Spatial+Learning.">Human Theta Oscillations Related to Sensorimotor Integration and Spatial Learning.</a> The J. Neurosci. 23 (11), 4726-4736 (2003).</li><li>Kahana, M., Sekuler, R., Caplan, J., Kirschen, M., Madsen, J. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Human+theta+oscillations+exhibit+task+dependence+during+virtual+maze+navigation.">Human theta oscillations exhibit task dependence during virtual maze navigation.</a> Nature. 399 (6738), 781-784 (1999).</li><li>Delorme, A., Makeig, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=EEGLAB:+An+open+source+toolbox+for+analysis+of+single-trial+EEG+dynamics+including+independent+component+analysis.">EEGLAB: An open source toolbox for analysis of single-trial EEG dynamics including independent component analysis.</a> J. Neurosci. Meth. 134, 9-21 (2004).</li><li>Delorme, A., Sejnowski, T., Makeig, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Enhanced+detection+of+artifacts+in+EEG+data+using+higher-order+statistics+and+independent+component+analysis.">Enhanced detection of artifacts in EEG data using higher-order statistics and independent component analysis.</a> NeuroImage. 34, 1443-1449 (2007).</li><li>Meyer-Lindenberg, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=From+maps+to+mechanisms+through+neuroimaging+of+schizophrenia.">From maps to mechanisms through neuroimaging of schizophrenia.</a> Nature. 468, 194-202 (2010).</li><li>Campbell, S. R., Patten, K. E., Campbell, S. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Educational+Neuroscience:+Motivations,+methodology,+and+implications.">Educational Neuroscience: Motivations, methodology, and implications.</a> Educ. Neurosci.: Initiatives and Emerging Issues. 43 (1), 7-16 (2011).</li><li>Kelly, A. E., Patten, K. E., Campbell, S. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Can+Cognitive+Neuroscience+Ground+a+Science+of+Learning?.">Can Cognitive Neuroscience Ground a Science of Learning?.</a> Educ. Neurosci.: Initiatives and Emerging Issues. 43 (1), 17-23 (2011).</li><li>Cunningham, M. D., Murphy, P. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+effects+of+bilateral+EEG+biofeedback+on+verbal,+visual-spatial,+and+creative+skills+in+learning+disabled+male+adolescents.">The effects of bilateral EEG biofeedback on verbal, visual-spatial, and creative skills in learning disabled male adolescents.</a> J. Learn. Disabil. 14 (4), 204-208 (1981).</li></ol>

The authors declare that they have no conflicting or competing financial interests.

El protocolo discute la aplicación de la electroencefalografía para medir la actividad cerebral de los participantes problemas de trabajo a partir de dos instrumentos típicos de la capacidad espacial y problemas de ingeniería altamente Estática espaciales. Los métodos se detallan en esta última instancia, puede ser capaz de ayudar a entender la eficiencia neural de artistas de alto y bajo que trabajen estos problemas. Es de vital importancia para entender las diferencias en la eficiencia de los nervios de los est...

La capacidad espacial es vital para la Ciencia, Tecnología, Ingeniería y Matemáticas (STEM) y los campos de educación y se correlaciona con éxito en estas áreas 1,2,3. Por lo tanto, es importante entender el desarrollo de la forma espacial afecta la capacidad de resolución de problemas 4. La capacidad espacial se ha relacionado con un interés del 5, 6 rendimiento, el éxito en el mundo académico de ingeniería 7 y el éxito en profesionales de la ingeniería 8. Sin embargo, no hay una gran cantidad de trabajo que indica los procesos neuronales específicos en la solución de los problemas típicos de muchos instrumentos de la capacidad espacial, ni el contenido de ingeniería específica que es altamente espacial. Este documento proporciona una introducción a los métodos utilizados para la recogida y el análisis de las puntuaciones del instrumento capacidad espaciales combinadas con mediciones neuronales datos. La intención de la publicación con JoVe es hacer que estos métodos sean más accesibles a un público más amplio. público en general de hardware y software de were utilizado en este estudio. Como métodos de papel, no se reportan resultados completos / conjuntos de datos, ni son múltiples muestras proporcionadas. Todas las imágenes fueron capturadas específicamente para esta publicación. Los métodos que se detallan a continuación se utilizaron en la preparación de un informe de la conferencia preliminar 9 sobre la base de datos de los participantes, de segundo año de edad de ocho universitarios, tres de los cuales eran mujeres. Muchos instrumentos existentes se utilizan para indicar los niveles de habilidad espacial inherente a la o aprendida por los individuos. Dos válidos y fiables 10,11 instrumentos que se utilizan comúnmente son los Mental Test de corte (MCT) 12 y la prueba de Purdue Visualización Espacial de rotaciones (taquicardia supraventricular paroxística: I) 13. Aunque originalmente diseñado ocupacionalmente 14 estos instrumentos de prueba diferentes etapas del desarrollo de la visualización espacial descrito por la teoría de Piaget 10,15. El uso de estos instrumentos crea una necesidad de comprender los fenómenos cognitivos fisiológicos subyacentes existing cuando las personas trabajan a través de estos problemas. Por esta razón, este estudio tiene como objetivo mostrar los procedimientos que utilizan datos fisiológicos empírica de que en última instancia puede mejorar el análisis y la comprensión del pensamiento espacial, verificar las capacidades de pruebas de métricas existentes, y aumentar la aplicabilidad de las evaluaciones espaciales problemas más complejos típicos de la formación en ingeniería. Muchos de estos problemas se pueden encontrar en la ingeniería de la Estática. La estática es una mecánica fundamentales supuesto entregados a la mayoría de los estudiantes de ingeniería (por ejemplo., Biológicos, mecánicos, Civil, Ambiental, Ingeniería Aeroespacial) 16,17. Es una de las primeras experiencias de resolución de problemas extensos que los estudiantes se dan en el contenido de ingeniería núcleo 18. Estática implica el estudio de la interacción de las fuerzas sobre un cuerpo rígido que está en reposo o se mueve a una velocidad constante. Desafortunadamente Estática tiene una alta deserción, la retirada, y las tasas de fracaso (14% como se ve en las InvesUniversidad tigated) y esto puede estar relacionado con los modelos de prestación de conferencia y del plan de estudios tradicionales que omiten las avenidas principales de apoyo, como los enfoques mejorados espacialmente a la educación. Por ejemplo, los enfoques mejorados espacialmente en la Estática pueden dirigirse a la visualización de cómo interactúan las fuerzas fuera del análisis analítico típico y reforzar el conocimiento procedimental de los estudiantes con la conceptualización a tierra. La eficacia de estas intervenciones que hay que investigar desde una perspectiva neurocientífica cognitiva. Electroencefalografía (EEG) presenta un método único y móvil de medir la actividad de las ondas cerebrales de los estudiantes. Las personas que realizan tareas que provocan la activación beta son generalmente muy ocupados con los detalles de la tarea y están atentos a lo que están haciendo 19,20. Como tarea exige aumento, la amplitud de los aumentos de onda beta, al igual que el tamaño de la zona cortical las frecuencias de ancho de banda ocupan. Los más neuronas que se activan dentro dela gama de frecuencias beta (alfa: 8 - 12 Hz, beta: 12 - 24 Hz) se puede definir como un mayor poder beta. En relación con esto, como uno se vuelve más experiencia en una tarea, la amplitud de las ondas beta disminuye, la generación de energía menos beta. Esto es parte de la hipótesis de la eficiencia neural 21-28, en el que una mayor experiencia tarea cuando se realiza una tarea está relacionada con una disminución en la potencia de la frecuencia. Aunque EEG se ha utilizado anteriormente en el estudio de las habilidades espaciales (a menudo para la rotación mental y tareas de navegación espacial) - y de datos aplicables se han identificado en el alfa, beta, theta y bandas 27-33 - se observaron bandas alfa y beta para este estudio, y beta se seleccionaron para su posterior análisis representativo en este documento y en el informe de la conferencia preliminar 9. Los procedimientos definidos a continuación por lo tanto se centran en el análisis de la banda beta, pero una investigación sobre las tres bandas, en función de los datos registrados, se recomienda en el futuro. loshipótesis de la eficiencia neuronal ha sido probado en varias tareas, incluyendo el ajedrez, memoria visuoespacial, el equilibrio, y el descanso. Todos han indicado experiencia tarea como un factor en la disminución del poder de frecuencia cuando se realizan tareas familiares. Un estudio en particular 25 ha presentado pruebas de que, aunque la inteligencia de una persona (tal como se mide por IQ) puede ayudar al individuo a adquirir los conocimientos necesarios para realizar una tarea, la experiencia con la tarea mayor que la inteligencia en su contribución a la eficiencia neural. En otras palabras, cuanta más experiencia que un individuo es, más eficiente neural que él o ella se vuelve. Existentes estudios de eficiencia neural que afecta la habilidad espacial se han centrado principalmente en la rotación espacial, y diferentes conjuntos de problemas se han utilizado para comparar las diferentes poblaciones (por ejemplo., Hombres / mujeres) 27-28. Estudios de EEG de las tareas de la capacidad espacial también han proporcionado información comparando el rendimiento de otros tipos de tareas (por ejemplo., Tareas verbales)27,29,30. Los métodos descritos en este documento se centran en y comparar problemas de la MCT, la taquicardia supraventricular paroxística: R, así como las tareas de equilibrio estático, que están relacionados con la capacidad espacial, pero no se limitan a la rotación espacial y la navegación. Otras tareas espaciales pueden ser utilizados en lugar de los dados como ejemplos en este manuscrito. De esta manera, una visión adicional se puede obtener en el futuro en relación con las diferentes poblaciones (por ejemplo., Macho / hembra o experto / novato) que en última instancia, ayudar a mejorar las prácticas educativas de ingeniería. En un esfuerzo por investigar la capacidad espacial y la aptitud de ingeniería, hemos desarrollado un protocolo que utiliza mediciones de EEG para identificar las activaciones beta de la onda de bajo rendimiento a los participantes de alto rendimiento durante una batería limitada de tareas espaciales y de ingeniería específicos. En este caso, el alto desempeño término está relacionado con el rendimiento del participante, y no es un reflejo de la cantidad de tiempo invertido en el campo por elalumno, ya que todos los participantes eran aproximadamente en el mismo momento de su educación. Además, el conjunto problema en cuestión es bastante específica y básica; por tanto, los términos &quot;expertos&quot; o &quot;alto rendimiento&quot; en este documento no deben ser vistos en el sentido de un experto, ingeniero empleado profesionalmente, pero que representa sólo el alto rendimiento en este estrecho trozo de ingeniería mecánica de plan de estudios y los instrumentos de la capacidad espacial. Las mediciones neuronales también se pueden utilizar para identificar cualquier tendencia brutos para los que los tipos de tareas pueden reclutar más recursos cognitivos que otros, con interpretación posible respecto a los niveles de dificultad. Esta información puede potencialmente dar una idea de la evaluación e intervención futuro con respecto a la capacidad espacial. Otros visión futuro puede derivarse considerando regiones más específicas del cerebro, que no era posible en este estudio debido al número limitado de canales disponibles en el hardware utilizado EEG.

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Emotiv EPOC Model 1.0</td>
			<td>Emotiv</td>
			<td>Model: Emotiv Premium</td>
			<td>&#34;High resolution, multi-channel, portable EEG system.&#34;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Emotiv Control Panel (software)</td>
			<td>Emotiv</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Used for data collection.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Emotiv Testbench (software)</td>
			<td>Emotiv</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Used for data collection.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Virtual Serial Port Emulator - VSPE (software)</td>
			<td>ETERLOGIC.COM</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Used COM10 in data collection. Available as a free download, depending on the operating system.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>E-Prime 2.0 (software)</td>
			<td>Psychology Software Tools</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Used for data collection (presentation of problems to participants and collection of markers for different phases).</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>EEGLab 13.4.4b (software)</td>
			<td>Swartz Center for Computational Neuroscience (SCCN)</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Used for data analysis. &#34;An open source environment for electrophysiological signal processing&#34;. SCCN is a Center of the Institute for Neural Computation, the University of California San Diego.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>MATLAB R2014b</td>
			<td>The Mathworks, Inc.</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Used to run EEGLab</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Microsoft Excel 2013</td>
			<td>Microsoft</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Used to assemble and compare tabulated results from EEGLab &#38; MATLAB, to create tables</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Camcorder with built in Mic</td>
			<td>Canon</td>
			<td>CNVHFR50</td>
			<td>Used to record sessions</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Syringe Kit (5cc syringe &#38; 2 16g blunted needles)</td>
			<td>Electro-Cap Intnl. Inc.</td>
			<td>E7</td>
			<td>For keeping the EEG cap&#39;s felts damp.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Nuprep EEG Skin Prep Gel</td>
			<td>Weaver and Company</td>
			<td>10-30</td>
			<td>For cleaning the mastoid process.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sanitizer</td>
			<td>Purell</td>
			<td>S-12808</td>
			<td>For sanitizing hands</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

utilizing electroencephalography measurements for comparison of task-specific neural efficiencies: spatial intelligence tasks

La inteligencia espacial suele estar relacionada con el éxito en la enseñanza de la ingeniería y de ingeniería profesiones. El uso de electroencefalografía permite el cálculo comparativo de la eficiencia de los nervios de los individuos a medida que realizan tareas sucesivas que requieren habilidad espacial para derivar soluciones. eficiencia neural aquí se define como tener una menor activación beta, y por lo tanto gastar menos recursos neuronales, para realizar una tarea en comparación con otros grupos u otras tareas. Para las comparaciones entre las tareas de tareas con duraciones similares, estas medidas pueden permitir una comparación del tipo de tarea dificultad. Para las comparaciones intra-participantes y entre los participantes, estas mediciones proporcionan una visión potencial en el nivel de la capacidad espacial y diferentes tareas de resolución de problemas de ingeniería del participante. El rendimiento en las tareas seleccionadas puede ser analizada y correlacionada con la actividad beta. Este trabajo presenta un protocolo de investigación detallado estudio de la eficiencia neural de estudiantes engenvejecido en la resolución de la capacidad espacial típica y los problemas de Estática. Los estudiantes completaron los problemas específicos de la prueba de corte Mental (MCT), Purdue espacial prueba de visualización de rotaciones (taquicardia supraventricular paroxística: R), y la estática. En el ejercicio de la solución de estos problemas, las ondas cerebrales de los participantes se midieron con EEG permitiendo que los datos que deben recogerse respecto alfa y beta del cerebro de onda de activación y uso. La obra se presenta para correlacionar el rendimiento funcional en las tareas espaciales puras con las tareas de ingeniería espacialmente intensivos para identificar las vías para acceder a un desempeño exitoso en la ingeniería y las mejoras resultantes en la enseñanza de la ingeniería que pueden seguir.

En esta sección, los pasos anteriores se ilustran con las figuras de la muestra como se describe a continuación. resúmenes de datos completos con las pruebas estadísticas no se proporcionan, ya que el objetivo de este trabajo es centrarse en los métodos. Ejemplos de potencial taquicardia supraventricular paroxística: R, MCT, y problemas espaciales se dan en la Figura 1, Figura 2, y la Figura 3, respectivamente. La tapa de EEG recogerá la activación del cerebro a través de l...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Utilizing Electroencephalography Measurements for Comparison of Task-Specific Neural Efficiencies: Spatial Intelligence Tasks at JoVE.com

Utilizing Electroencephalography Measurements for Comparison of Task-Specific Neural Efficiencies: Spatial Intelligence Tasks

Este manuscrito describe un método para medir la actividad neuronal de los seres humanos, mientras que la solución de problemas de ingeniería espacialmente focalizadas. La metodología electroencefalograma ayuda a interpretar las mediciones de ondas cerebrales beta en términos de eficiencia neural, con el objetivo de hacer que finalmente permite comparaciones de rendimiento de las tareas entre ambos tipos de problemas y entre los participantes.

Utilizando mediciones Electroencefalografía para la comparación de eficiencia en las tareas específicas de los nervios: Tareas de Inteligencia Espacial

Spatial intelligence is often linked to success in engineering education and engineering professions. The use of electroencephalography enables ...

utilizing-electroencephalography-measurements-for-comparison-task

Research

Education

JoVE Core

JoVE Journal

Introduction to Psychology

Behavior

Unit 1

Thinking, Language And Intelligence

SCIENTISTS IN ACTION

11.3K vistas.  Utah State University.  Este manuscrito describe un método para medir la actividad neuronal de los seres humanos, mientras que la solución de problemas de ingeniería espacialmente focalizadas. La metodología electroencefalograma ayuda a interpretar las mediciones de ondas cerebrales beta en términos de eficiencia neural, con el objetivo de hacer que finalmente permite comparaciones de rendimiento de las tareas entre ambos tipos de problemas y entre los participantes. 

Video: Utilizing Electroencephalography Measurements for Comparison of Task-Specific Neural Efficiencies: Spatial Intelligence Tasks

Simultaneous Scalp Electroencephalography (EEG), Electromyography (EMG), and Whole-body Segmental Inertial Recording for Multi-modal Neural Decoding

Recent studies support the involvement of supraspinal networks in control of bipedal human walking. Part of this evidence encompasses studies, including our previous work, demonstrating that gait kinematics and limb coordination during treadmill walking can be inferred from the scalp electroencephalogram (EEG) with reasonably high decoding accuracies. These results provide impetus for development of non-invasive brain-machine-interface (BMI) systems for use in restoration and/or augmentation of gait- a primary goal of rehabilitation research. To date, studies examining EEG decoding of activity during gait have been limited to treadmill walking in a controlled environment. However, to be practically viable a BMI system must be applicable for use in everyday locomotor tasks such as over ground walking and turning. Here, we present a novel protocol for non-invasive collection of brain activity (EEG), muscle activity (electromyography (EMG)), and whole-body kinematic data (head, torso, and limb trajectories) during both treadmill and over ground walking tasks. By collecting these data in the uncontrolled environment insight can be gained regarding the feasibility of decoding unconstrained gait and surface EMG from scalp EEG.

Simultaneous Scalp Electroencephalography EEG, Electromyography EMG, and Whole-body Segmental Inertial Recording for Multi-modal Neural Decoding

Development of an effective brain-machine-interface (BMI) system for restoration and rehabilitation of bipedal locomotion requires accurate decoding of user's intent. Here we present a novel experimental protocol and data collection technique for simultaneous non-invasive acquisition of neural activity, muscle activity, and whole-body kinematics during various locomotion tasks and conditions.

Electroencefalografía simultánea del cuero cabelludo (EEG), electromiografía (EMG) y de todo el cuerpo de grabación inercial segmentaria para Multi-modal Neural Decodificación

Recent  studies support the involvement of supraspinal networks in control of bipedal  human walking. Part of this evidence  encompasses studies, ...

Investigación

Comportamiento

Automated Visual Cognitive Tasks for Recording Neural Activity Using a Floor Projection Maze

Neuropsychological tasks used in primates to investigate mechanisms of learning and memory are typically visually guided cognitive tasks. We have developed visual cognitive tasks for rats using the Floor Projection Maze1,2&#160;that are optimized for visual abilities of rats permitting stronger comparisons of experimental findings with other species.
In order to investigate neural correlates of learning and memory, we have integrated electrophysiological recordings into fully automated cognitive tasks on the Floor Projection Maze1,2. Behavioral software interfaced with an animal tracking system allows monitoring of the animal's behavior with precise control of image presentation and reward contingencies for better trained animals. Integration with an in vivo electrophysiological recording system enables examination of behavioral correlates of neural activity at selected epochs of a given cognitive task.
We describe protocols for a model system that combines automated visual presentation of information to rodents and intracranial reward with electrophysiological approaches. Our model system offers a sophisticated set of tools as a framework for other cognitive tasks to better isolate and identify specific mechanisms contributing to particular cognitive processes.

We describe protocols for training rats for chronic electrophysiological recordings in fully automated cognitive tasks on a Floor Projection Maze.

Tareas Cognitivas Visuales automatizadas para grabación Neural actividad utilizando una proyección del suelo Maze

Neuropsychological tasks used in primates to investigate mechanisms of learning and memory are typically visually guided cognitive tasks. We have ...

Performing Behavioral Tasks in Subjects with Intracranial Electrodes

Patients having stereo-electroencephalography (SEEG) electrode, subdural grid or depth electrode implants have a multitude of electrodes implanted in different areas of their brain for the localization of their seizure focus and eloquent areas. After implantation, the patient must remain in the hospital until the pathological area of brain is found and possibly resected. During this time, these patients offer a unique opportunity to the research community because any number of behavioral paradigms can be performed to uncover the neural correlates that guide behavior. Here we present a method for recording brain activity from intracranial implants as subjects perform a behavioral task designed to assess decision-making and reward encoding. All electrophysiological data from the intracranial electrodes are recorded during the behavioral task, allowing for the examination of the many brain areas involved in a single function at time scales relevant to behavior. Moreover, and unlike animal studies, human patients can learn a wide variety of behavioral tasks quickly, allowing for the ability to perform more than one task in the same subject or for performing controls. Despite the many advantages of this technique for understanding human brain function, there are also methodological limitations that we discuss, including environmental factors, analgesic effects, time constraints and recordings from diseased tissue. This method may be easily implemented by any institution that performs intracranial assessments; providing the opportunity to directly examine human brain function during behavior.

Patients implanted with intracranial electrodes provide a unique opportunity to record neurological data from multiple areas of the brain while the patient performs behavioral tasks. Here, we present a method of recording from implanted patients that can be reproducible at other institutions with access to this patient population.

Realización de tareas de comportamiento en sujetos con intracraneales Electrodos

Patients having stereo-electroencephalography (SEEG) electrode, subdural grid or depth electrode implants have a multitude of electrodes implanted in ...

Asymmetric Walkway: A Novel Behavioral Assay for Studying Asymmetric Locomotion

Behavioral assays are commonly used for the assessment of sensorimotor impairment in the central nervous system (CNS). The most sophisticated methods for quantifying locomotor deficits in rodents is to measure minute disturbances of unconstrained gait overground (e.g., manual BBB score or automated CatWalk). However, cortical inputs are not required for the generation of basic locomotion produced by the spinal central pattern generator (CPG). Thus, unconstrained walking tasks test locomotor deficits due to motor cortical impairment only indirectly. In this study, we propose a novel, precise foot-placement locomotor task that evaluates cortical inputs to the spinal CPG. An instrumented peg-way was used to impose symmetrical and asymmetrical locomotor tasks mimicking lateralized movement deficits. We demonstrate that shifts from equidistant inter-stride lengths of 20% produce changes in the forelimb stance phase characteristics during locomotion with preferred stride length. Furthermore, we propose that the asymmetric walkway allows for measurements of behavioral outcomes produced by cortical control signals. These measures are relevant for the assessment of impairment after cortical damage.

Here, we present a protocol to quantify precise stepping in rodents. Cortical and the spinal central pattern generator signals are required for precise foot-placement during obstructed locomotion. We report here the novel constrained walking task that directly examines precise stepping behavior.

Asimétrica Pasarela: Un Ensayo Novela conductual para Estudiar asimétrica Locomoción

Behavioral assays are commonly used for the assessment of sensorimotor impairment in the central nervous system (CNS). The most sophisticated methods for ...

Using the Activity-based Anorexia Rodent Model to Study the Neurobiological Basis of Anorexia Nervosa

Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a psychiatric illness characterized by excessively restricted caloric intake and abnormally high levels of physical activity. A challenging illness to treat, due to the lack of understanding of the underlying neurobiology, AN has the highest mortality rate among psychiatric illnesses. To address this need, neuroscientists are using an animal model to study how neural circuits may contribute toward vulnerability to AN and may be affected by AN. Activity-based anorexia (ABA) is a bio-behavioral phenomenon described in rodents that models the key symptoms of anorexia nervosa. When rodents with free access to voluntary exercise on a running wheel experience food restriction, they become hyperactive &#8211; running more than animals with free access to food. Here, we describe the procedures by which ABA is induced in adolescent female C57BL/6 mice. On postnatal day 36 (P36), the animal is housed with access to voluntary exercise on a running wheel. After 4 days of acclimation to the running wheel, on P40, all food is removed from the cage. For the next 3 days, food is returned to the cage (allowing animals free food access) for 2 hr daily. After the fourth day of food restriction, free access to food is returned and the running wheel is removed from the cage to allow the animals to recover. Continuous multi-day analysis of running wheel activity shows that mice become hyperactive within 24 hr following the onset of food restriction. The mice run even during the limited time during which they have access to food. Additionally, the circadian pattern of wheel running becomes disrupted by the experience of food restriction. We have been able to correlate neurobiological changes with various aspects of the animals&#8217; wheel running behavior to implicate particular brain regions and neurochemical changes with resilience and vulnerability to food-restriction induced hyperactivity.

Here we present a protocol to induce activity-based anorexia (ABA) in female adolescent mice. ABA is a condition of hyperactivity evoked by imposing food restriction on rodents with access to a running wheel. This phenomenon is being used as a model to study the underlying neurobiology of anorexia nervosa.

Utilizando la anorexia Roedor modelo basado en actividades para el Estudio de las bases neurobiológicas de la anorexia nerviosa

Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a psychiatric illness characterized by excessively restricted caloric intake and abnormally high levels of physical activity. A ...

Using Laser Doppler Imaging and Monitoring to Analyze Spinal Cord Microcirculation in Rat

Laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) is a noninvasive method for blood flow (BF) measurement, which makes it preferable for measuring microcirculatory alterations of the spinal cord. In this article, our goal was to use both Laser Doppler imaging and monitoring to analyze the change of BF after spinal cord injury. Both the laser Doppler image scanner and the probe/monitor were being employed to obtain each readout. The data of LDPI provided a local distribution of BF, which gave an overview of perfusion around the injury site and made it accessible for comparative analysis of BF among different locations. By intensely measuring the probing area over a period of time, a combined probe was used to simultaneously measure the BF and oxygen saturation of the spinal cord, showing overall spinal cord perfusion and oxygen supply. LDF itself has a few limitations, such as relative flux, sensitivity to movement, and biological zero signal. However, the technology has been applied in clinical and experimental study due to its simple setup and rapid measurement of BF.

Here we present a combination of laser Doppler perfusion imaging (LDPI) and laser Doppler perfusion monitoring (LDPM) to measure spinal cord local blood flows and oxygen saturation (SO2), as well as a standardized procedure for introducing spinal cord trauma on rat.

Usando a láser Doppler Imaging y seguimiento para analizar la microcirculación de la médula espinal en ratas

Laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) is a noninvasive method for blood flow (BF) measurement, which makes it preferable for measuring microcirculatory ...

The (Spatial) Memory Game: Testing the Relationship Between Spatial Language, Object Knowledge, and Spatial Cognition

The memory game paradigm is a behavioral procedure to explore the relationship between language, spatial memory, and object knowledge. Using two different versions of the paradigm, spatial language use and memory for object location are tested under different, experimentally manipulated conditions. This allows us to tease apart proposed models explaining the influence of object knowledge on spatial language (e.g., spatial demonstratives), and spatial memory, as well as understanding the parameters that affect demonstrative choice and spatial memory more broadly. Key to the development of the method was the need to collect data on language use (e.g., spatial demonstratives: &#34;this/that&#34;) and spatial memory data under strictly controlled conditions, while retaining a degree of ecological validity. The language version (section 3.1) of the memory game tests how conditions affect language use. Participants refer verbally to objects placed at different locations (e.g., using spatial demonstratives: &#34;this/that red circle&#34;). Different parameters can be experimentally manipulated: the distance from the participant, the position of a conspecific, and for example whether the participant owns, knows, or sees the object while referring to it. The same parameters can be manipulated in the memory version of the memory game (section 3.2). This version tests the effects of the different conditions on object-location memory. Following object placement, participants get 10 seconds to memorize the object&#39;s location. After the object and location cues are removed, participants verbally direct the experimenter to move a stick to indicate where the object was. The difference between the memorized and the actual location shows the direction and strength of the memory error, allowing comparisons between the influences of the respective parameters.

The Spatial Memory Game: Testing the Relationship Between Spatial Language, Object Knowledge, and Spatial Cognition

We present a protocol to explore the relationship between spatial language production, spatial memory, and object knowledge. The procedure allows experimental manipulation of, and control over, conditions of object knowledge, language at instruction, and physical location, thus teasing apart cognitive and linguistic models describing interactions between these variables.

El juego de memoria (espacial): Prueba de la relación entre el lenguaje espacial, objeto de conocimiento y cognición espacial

The memory game paradigm is a behavioral procedure to explore the relationship between language, spatial memory, and object knowledge. Using two different ...

A Behavioral Assay for Investigating the Role of Spatial Memory During Instinctive Defense in Mice

Evolution has selected a repertoire of defensive behaviors that are essential for survival across all animal species. These behaviors are often stereotyped actions elicited in response to innately aversive sensory stimuli, but their success requires enough flexibility for adapting to different spatial environments, which can change rapidly. Here, we describe a behavioral assay to evaluate the influence of learned spatial knowledge on defensive behaviors in mice. We have adapted the widely used Barnes maze spatial memory assay to investigate how mice navigate to a shelter during escape responses to innately aversive sensory stimuli in a novel environment, and how they adapt to acute changes in the environment. This new assay is an ethological paradigm that does not require training and exploits the natural exploration patterns and navigation strategies in mice. We propose that the set of protocols described here are a powerful means of studying goal-directed behaviors and stimulus-triggered navigation, which should be of interest to both the fields of instinctive behaviors and spatial memory.

This protocol describes a behavioral assay, based on the Barnes maze test, to study how instinctive defensive actions are modified by the knowledge of spatial environment.

Un ensayo conductual para investigar el papel de la memoria espacial durante defensa instintiva en ratones

Evolution has selected a repertoire of defensive behaviors that are essential for survival across all animal species. These behaviors are often ...

Using Electroencephalography Measurements and High-quality Video Recording for Analyzing Visual Perception of Media Content

This article explores a method to detect differences in visual perception in humans. The method used is based on the psychological (or "cognitive") function of eyeblinks. Participants' eyeblinks are detected and acquired while watching videos specifically created for the investigation. The detection and acquisition of eyeblinks are carried out with the help of a 20-channel electroencephalographic (EEG) wireless device. The international 10-20 system for electrode placement is followed. A high-definition (HD) video camera is used to record participants' facial expressions, for contrast purposes. Instead of using pre-existing media content, purpose-made video content has been created following specific criteria of interest for this investigation, with stimuli enabling researchers to manage the precise parameters of interest. Otherwise, results could be contaminated with uncontrolled variables. The synchronization of the presentation of video stimuli with EEG recordings needs to be done in milliseconds. Analysis of collected data is performed with robust software for working with big matrices. Statistically significant differences in eyeblink rate related to media professionalization and editing style are found with the reported experimental procedures.

We present detection, acquisition, and analysis of eyeblink rates while watching media content.

Utilizando mediciones de electroencefalograma (EEG) y grabación de vídeo de alta calidad para el análisis de la percepción Visual del contenido de los medios de comunicación

This article explores a method to detect differences in visual perception in humans. The method used is based on the psychological (or "cognitive") ...

Utilizing a Reconfigurable Maze System to Enhance the Reproducibility of Spatial Navigation Tests in Rodents

Several maze shapes are used to test spatial navigation performance and behavioral phenotypes. Traditionally, each experiment requires a unique maze shape, thus requiring several separate mazes in different configurations. The maze geometry cannot be reconfigured in a single environment to accommodate scalability and reproducibility. The reconfigurable maze is a unique approach to address the limitations, allowing quick and flexible configurations of maze pathways in a repeatable manner. It consists of interlocking pathways and includes feeders, treadmills, movable walls, and shut-off sensors. The current protocol describes how the reconfigurable maze can replicate existing mazes, including the T-shaped, plus-shaped, W-shaped, and figure-eight mazes. Initially, the T-shaped maze was constructed inside a single experimental room, followed by modifications. The rapid and scalable protocol outlined herein demonstrates the flexibility of the reconfigurable maze, achieved through the addition of components and behavioral training phases in a stepwise manner. The reconfigurable maze systematically and precisely assesses the performance of multiple aspects of spatial navigation behavior.

The present protocol describes a reconfigurable maze, a unique system for testing spatial navigation and behavioral phenotypes in rodents. The adaptability of this maze system enables the execution of various experiments in a single physical environment. The ease of structural rearrangement generates reliable and reproducible experimental results.

Utilización de un sistema de laberinto reconfigurable para mejorar la reproducibilidad de las pruebas de navegación espacial en roedores

Several maze shapes are used to test spatial navigation performance and behavioral phenotypes. Traditionally, each experiment requires a unique maze ...