Name: utilizing electroencephalography measurements for comparison of task-specific neural efficiencies: spatial intelligence tasks
Uploaded: 2016-08-09T14:00:00.000+00:00
Duration: 6 min 57 s
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Utilizing Electroencephalography Measurements for Comparison of Task-Specific Neural Efficiencies: Spatial Intelligence Tasks at JoVE.com

著者は、データ収集を手伝っために、クリストファー・グリーン、ブラッドリー・ロビンソン、そしてマリア・マヌエラ・バヤダレスを承認したいと思います。 EEG機器のための資金はケリー・ジョーダンの多感覚​​認知研究室に研究大学院機器グラントのユタ州立大学のオフィスによって提供されていました。ベンジャミン・コール博士ウェイド・グッドリッジとの仕事のための大学院のユタ州立大学の学校から達成大統領博士研究員によってサポートされています。

<ol>
	<li>Sorby, S. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Educational+Research+in+Developing+3-D+Spatial+Skills+for+Engineering+Students.">Educational Research in Developing 3-D Spatial Skills for Engineering Students.</a> Int. J. Sci. Educ. 31 (3), 459-480 (2009).</li><li>Wai, J., Lubinski, D., Benbow, C. P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Spatial+Ability+for+STEM+Domains:+Aligning+Over+50+Years+of+Cumulative+Psychological+Knowledge+Solidifies+Its+Importance.">Spatial Ability for STEM Domains: Aligning Over 50 Years of Cumulative Psychological Knowledge Solidifies Its Importance.</a> J. Educ. Psychol. 101 (4), 817-835 (2009).</li><li>Uttal, D. H., Cohen, C. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Spatial+Thinking+and+STEM+Education:+When,+Why,+and+How?.">Spatial Thinking and STEM Education: When, Why, and How?.</a> Psychol. Learn. Motiv. 57, 147-181 (2012).</li><li>Halpern, D. F., Collaer, M. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> The Cambridge handbook of visuospatial thinking. , (2005).</li><li>Lubinski, D., Benbow, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Study+of+mathematically+precocious+youth+after+35+years.">Study of mathematically precocious youth after 35 years.</a> Perspect. Psychol. Sci. 1 (4), 316-345 (2006).</li><li>Sorby, S., Casey, B., Veurink, N., Dulaney, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+role+of+spatial+training+in+improving+spatial+and+calculus+performance+in+engineering+students.">The role of spatial training in improving spatial and calculus performance in engineering students.</a> Learn. Individ. Differ. 26, 20-29 (2013).</li><li>Peters, M., Chisholm, P., Laeng, B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Spatial+ability,+student+gender,+and+academic+performance.">Spatial ability, student gender, and academic performance.</a> J. Eng. Educ. 84 (1), 1-5 (1994).</li><li>Pellegrino, J. W., Alderton, D. L., Shute, V. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Understanding+Spatial+Ability.">Understanding Spatial Ability.</a> Educ. Psychol. 19 (3), 239-253 (1984).</li><li>Goodridge, W., Villanueva, I., Wan, N. J., Call, B. J., Valladares, M. M., Robinson, B. S., Jordan, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Neural+efficiency+similarities+between+engineering+students+solving+statics+and+spatial+ability+problems.">Neural efficiency similarities between engineering students solving statics and spatial ability problems.</a> Poster presented at the meeting of the Society for Neuroscience. , (2014).</li><li>Sorby, S. A., Baartmans, B. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+Development+and+Assessment+of+a+Course+for+Enhancing+the+3-D+Spatial+Visualization+Skills+of+First+Year+Engineering+Students.">The Development and Assessment of a Course for Enhancing the 3-D Spatial Visualization Skills of First Year Engineering Students.</a> J. Eng. Educ. 89 (3), 301-307 (2000).</li><li>Gorska, R., Sorby, S. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Testing+instruments+for+the+assessment+of+3-D+spatial+skills.">Testing instruments for the assessment of 3-D spatial skills.</a> Proceedings of the American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference. , (2008).</li><li>. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> CEEB Special aptitude test in spatial relations. , (1939).</li><li>Guay, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Purdue spatial visualization test. , (1976).</li><li>Hegarty, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Components of Spatial Intelligence. , (2010).</li><li>Bishop, J. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Developing+Students'+Spatial+Ability.">Developing Students' Spatial Ability.</a> Sci. Teacher. 45 (8), 20-23 (1978).</li><li>Goodridge, W. H., Villanueva, I., Call, B. J., Valladares, M. M., Wan, N., Green, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cognitive+strategies+and+misconceptions+in+introductory+Statics+problems.">Cognitive strategies and misconceptions in introductory Statics problems.</a> 2014 IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference (FIE) Proceedings. , 2152-2159 (2014).</li><li>Steif, P. S., Dantzler, J. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+Statics+Concept+Inventory:+Development+and+Psychometric+Analysis.">A Statics Concept Inventory: Development and Psychometric Analysis.</a> J. Eng. Educ. 94 (4), 363-371 (2005).</li><li>Suresh, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+relationship+between+barrier+courses+and+persistence+in+engineering.">The relationship between barrier courses and persistence in engineering.</a> J. Coll. Student Retention. 8 (2), 215-239 (2006).</li><li>Pfurtscheller, G., Lopes da Silva, F. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Event-related+EEG/MEG+synchronization+and+desynchronization:+basic+principles.">Event-related EEG/MEG synchronization and desynchronization: basic principles.</a> Clin. Neurophysiol. 110 (11), 1842-1857 (1999).</li><li>Klimesch, W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=EEG+alpha+and+theta+oscillations+reflect+cognitive+and+memory+performance:+a+review+and+analysis.">EEG alpha and theta oscillations reflect cognitive and memory performance: a review and analysis.</a> Brain Res. Brain Res. Rev. 29 (2-3), 169-195 (1999).</li><li>Babiloni, C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Resting+state+cortical+rhythms+in+athletes:+a+high-resolution+EEG+study.">Resting state cortical rhythms in athletes: a high-resolution EEG study.</a> Brain Res. Bull. 81 (1), 149-156 (2010).</li><li>Babiloni, C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=34;Neural+efficiency&amp;#34;+of+experts'+brain+during+judgment+of+actions:+a+high-resolution+EEG+study+in+elite+and+amateur+karate+athletes.">34;Neural efficiency&amp;#34; of experts' brain during judgment of actions: a high-resolution EEG study in elite and amateur karate athletes.</a> Behav. Brain Res. 207 (2), 466-475 (2010).</li><li>Del Percio, C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=&#34;Neural+efficiency&#34;+of+athletes'+brain+for+upright+standing:+a+high-resolution+EEG+study.">&#34;Neural efficiency&#34; of athletes' brain for upright standing: a high-resolution EEG study.</a> Brain Res. Bull. 79 (3-4), 193-200 (2009).</li><li>Grabner, R. H., Fink, A., Stipacek, A., Neuper, C., Neubauer, A. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Intelligence+and+working+memory+systems:+evidence+of+neural+efficiency+in+alpha+band+ERD.">Intelligence and working memory systems: evidence of neural efficiency in alpha band ERD.</a> Brain Res. Cognitive Brain Res. 20 (2), 212-225 (2004).</li><li>Grabner, R. H., Neubauer, A. C., Stern, E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Superior+performance+and+neural+efficiency:+the+impact+of+intelligence+and+expertise.">Superior performance and neural efficiency: the impact of intelligence and expertise.</a> Brain Res. Bull. 69 (4), 422-439 (2006).</li><li>Grabner, R. H., Stern, E., Neubauer, A. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=When+intelligence+loses+its+impact+neural+efficiency+during+reasoning+in+a+familiar+area.">When intelligence loses its impact neural efficiency during reasoning in a familiar area.</a> Int. J. Psychophysiol. 49, 89-98 (2003).</li><li>Neubauer, A. C., Grabner, R. H., Fink, A., Neuper, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Intelligence+and+neural+efficiency:+Further+evidence+of+the+influence+of+task+content+and+sex+on+the+brain-IQ+relationship.">Intelligence and neural efficiency: Further evidence of the influence of task content and sex on the brain-IQ relationship.</a> Cognitive Brain Res. 25 (1), 217-225 (2005).</li><li>Riecansk&#253;, I., Katina, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Induced+EEG+alpha+oscillations+are+related+to+mental+rotation+ability:+The+evidence+for+neural+efficiency+and+serial+processing.">Induced EEG alpha oscillations are related to mental rotation ability: The evidence for neural efficiency and serial processing.</a> Neurosci. Lett. 482 (2), 133-136 (2010).</li><li>Roberts, J. E., Ann Bell, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Two-+and+three-dimensional+mental+rotation+tasks+lead+to+different+parietal+laterality+for+men+and+women.">Two- and three-dimensional mental rotation tasks lead to different parietal laterality for men and women.</a> Int. J. Psychophysiol. 50 (3), 235-246 (2003).</li><li>Roberts, J. E., Bell, M. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+effects+of+age+and+sex+on+mental+rotation+performance,+verbal+performance,+and+brain+electrical+activity.">The effects of age and sex on mental rotation performance, verbal performance, and brain electrical activity.</a> Dev. Psychobiol. 40 (4), 391-407 (2002).</li><li>Gill, H. S., O'Boyle, M. W., Hathaway, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cortical+distribution+of+EEG+activity+for+component+processes+during+mental+rotation.">Cortical distribution of EEG activity for component processes during mental rotation.</a> Cortex. 34 (5), 707-718 (1998).</li><li>Caplan, J. B., Madsen, J. R., Schulze-Bonhage, A., Aschenbrenner-Scheibe, R., Newman, E. L., Kahana, M. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Human+Theta+Oscillations+Related+to+Sensorimotor+Integration+and+Spatial+Learning.">Human Theta Oscillations Related to Sensorimotor Integration and Spatial Learning.</a> The J. Neurosci. 23 (11), 4726-4736 (2003).</li><li>Kahana, M., Sekuler, R., Caplan, J., Kirschen, M., Madsen, J. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Human+theta+oscillations+exhibit+task+dependence+during+virtual+maze+navigation.">Human theta oscillations exhibit task dependence during virtual maze navigation.</a> Nature. 399 (6738), 781-784 (1999).</li><li>Delorme, A., Makeig, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=EEGLAB:+An+open+source+toolbox+for+analysis+of+single-trial+EEG+dynamics+including+independent+component+analysis.">EEGLAB: An open source toolbox for analysis of single-trial EEG dynamics including independent component analysis.</a> J. Neurosci. Meth. 134, 9-21 (2004).</li><li>Delorme, A., Sejnowski, T., Makeig, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Enhanced+detection+of+artifacts+in+EEG+data+using+higher-order+statistics+and+independent+component+analysis.">Enhanced detection of artifacts in EEG data using higher-order statistics and independent component analysis.</a> NeuroImage. 34, 1443-1449 (2007).</li><li>Meyer-Lindenberg, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=From+maps+to+mechanisms+through+neuroimaging+of+schizophrenia.">From maps to mechanisms through neuroimaging of schizophrenia.</a> Nature. 468, 194-202 (2010).</li><li>Campbell, S. R., Patten, K. E., Campbell, S. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Educational+Neuroscience:+Motivations,+methodology,+and+implications.">Educational Neuroscience: Motivations, methodology, and implications.</a> Educ. Neurosci.: Initiatives and Emerging Issues. 43 (1), 7-16 (2011).</li><li>Kelly, A. E., Patten, K. E., Campbell, S. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Can+Cognitive+Neuroscience+Ground+a+Science+of+Learning?.">Can Cognitive Neuroscience Ground a Science of Learning?.</a> Educ. Neurosci.: Initiatives and Emerging Issues. 43 (1), 17-23 (2011).</li><li>Cunningham, M. D., Murphy, P. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+effects+of+bilateral+EEG+biofeedback+on+verbal,+visual-spatial,+and+creative+skills+in+learning+disabled+male+adolescents.">The effects of bilateral EEG biofeedback on verbal, visual-spatial, and creative skills in learning disabled male adolescents.</a> J. Learn. Disabil. 14 (4), 204-208 (1981).</li></ol>

The authors declare that they have no conflicting or competing financial interests.

プロトコルは、2つの典型的な空間能力の楽器から問題を取り組んで参加者との高い空間エンジニアリング静問題の脳活動を測定する脳波のアプリケーションについて説明します。ここでは詳述した方法では、最終的にこれらの問題を作業に従事してハイとローパフォーマーの神経効率を理解するのに役立つことができるかもしれません。これらのテストは、多くの場合、空間能力を評価する...

空間能力は科学、技術、工学、および数学（STEM）分野と教育に不可欠であり、これらの領域1,2,3での成功と相関します。したがって、4の解決方法空間能力に影響を与える問題の開発を理解することが重要です。空間能力は、対象5、性能6、エンジニアリング学者7と工学の専門家8の成功の成功にリンクされています。しかし、多くの空間能力の楽器、また非常に空間的である特定のエンジニアリングコンテンツへの典型的な問題の解決に特定の神経のプロセスを示す多くの仕事がありません。 本稿では、神経の測定と組み合わせた空間能力の楽器のスコアのデータ収集と分析のために使用される方法を紹介します。 Joveので出版の意図は、より幅広い視聴者にこれらのメソッドにアクセスしやすくすることです。一般市民のハードウェアとソフトウェアWEReがこの研究に利用さ。方法用紙として、完全な結果/データセットが報告も提供される複数のサンプルであるれていません。すべての画像は、この出版物のために特別に捕獲されました。以下に詳述した方法では女性であった3人の8大学の二年生中年の参加者からのデータに基づいて、予備会議レポート9を調製するのに利用されました。 多くの既存の器具は固有のまたは個人で学習した空間能力のレベルを示すために使用されています。 13：一般的に使用される2つの有効かつ信頼性の高い10,11の機器は試験（MCT）12を切断精神とローテーションのパーデュー空間の可視化試験（R PSVT）です。もともと職業14を設計しながら、これらの機器は、ピアジェ理論10,15によって記述空間可視化開発の異なる段階をテストします。これらの機器の使用は、基礎となる生理学的な認知現象を理解する必要性を作成しますexistin個人がこれらの問題を介して動作グラム。このため、本研究では、最終的には、空間的思考の分析と理解を向上させ、既存のメトリックテスト機能を確認し、工学教育への典型的な、より複雑な問題に空間的評価の適用性を高めることが経験的生理学的データを利用する方法を紹介することを目指しています。これらの問題の多くは、工学静に遭遇することができます。 静は、基礎力学はもちろん、ほとんどの工学部の学生に配信される（ 例えば 、生物学、機械、土木、環境、航空宇宙工学）16,17。それは、学生はコア・エンジニアリング・コンテンツ18に記載されている最初の大規模な問題解決の経験の一つです。静は、安静時または一定の速度で動いている剛体に作用する力の相互作用の研究を伴います。残念ながら、静はinvesに見られるように、高中退、引きこもり、および故障率（14％を持っていますtigated大学）、これは、そのような教育に空間的に強化されたアプローチとして、サポートの主要な道を省略し、伝統的な講義やカリキュラムデリバリーモデルに関連する可能性があります。例えば、静力学における空間的に強化されたアプローチは力が典型的な解析的分析の外でどのように相互作用するかの可視化を標的とし、接地された概念を持つ学生の手続的知識を補強することができます。そのような介入の有効性は、認知神経科学の視点から調査する必要があります。 脳波（EEG）は、学生の脳波活性を測定するユニークなモバイル方法を提示します。ベータ活性化を惹起するタスクを実行する個人は、一般的には非常にタスクの仕様に係合し、彼らは19,20をやっていることに気配りされています。帯域周波数が占める皮質領域の大きさと同様に、タスクは、増加、ベータ波の振幅が増加を要求するように。内の火災よりニューロンベータ周波数範囲（アルファ：8から12ヘルツ、ベータ：12 - 24Hzの）が大きいベータ電力として定義することができます。一つのタスク内のより経験豊富になるように関連して、β波の振幅は小さいベータ発電減少します。これは、タスクを実行すると、高周波電力の減少に関連しているのより大きなタスクの経験神経効率仮説21-28、の一部です。 EEGは、以前に（多くの場合、心的回転と空間ナビゲーションタスクのための）空間能力の研究に使用されてきたが-と適用可能なデータは、アルファ、ベータ版で同定されており、シータバンド27-33 - αおよびβバンドはこのために観察されました研究、およびベータ版は、この論文では予備会議レポート9でさらに代表的な分析のために選択しました。ベータバンド分析に焦点を当てますが、すべての3つのバンドを調査、記録したデータに応じて、このようにして、以下に定義された手順は、将来的に推奨されます。 ザ神経効率仮説はチェス、視空間メモリ、バランスをとる、と休憩を含むさまざまなタスク、上でテストされています。おなじみのタスクを実行するとき、すべてが減少し高周波電力に要因としてタスクの経験を記載しております。一つの特定の研究25は、人の知性は（IQによって測定される）、個々のタスクを実行するためのスキルを習得に役立つ神経効率への貢献で知能を上回るタスクの経験ができるが、という証拠を提示しました。言い換えれば、より多くの個人が彼または彼女になり、より効率的である神経経験しました。 空間能力を伴う既存の神経効率研究は、主に空間的な回転に集中しており、別の問題セットは、異なる集団を比較するために使用されている（ 例えば 、男性/女性）27-28。空間能力のタスクの脳波研究は、他のタスクの種類に性能を比較することで洞察を提供している（ 例えば 、口頭での作業）27,29,30。方法は上のこの論文の焦点で議論し、MCT、PSVTから問題の比較：空間能力に関連しているが、空間回転とナビゲーションに限定されるものではなく、Rと同様に、静的平衡タスクを、。他の空間的なタスクは、本稿で例示したものの代わりに使用することができます。このように、追加的な洞察力が異なる集団について、将来的に得ることができる（ 例えば 、オス/メスまたは専門家/初心者）は、最終的に工学教育実践を改善するのに役立ちます。 空間能力とエンジニアリングの適性を調査するための努力で、我々は特定の空間的およびエンジニアリングタスクの限られたバッテリーの間に高性能の参加者に低パフォーマンスのベータ波のアクティベーションを識別するために、脳波測定値を利用したプロトコルを開発しました。この場合、用語ハイパフォーマーは、参加者のパフォーマンスに関連している、として、フィールドで過ごした時間の量の反射ではありません学習者、すべての参加者が彼らの教育でほぼ同じポイントであったように。また、関連する問題セットは非常に具体的かつ基本的なものです。このように、用語「専門家」または「高パフォーマンス」は、本明細書の専門家の感覚で見て、専門的に採用エンジニアが、エンジニアリング力学のカリキュラムと空間能力の楽器のこの狭いスライスのみで高い性能を表すことはできません。神経の測定は、タスクタイプは難易度のレベルに関する可能な解釈で、他のものよりも、認知資源を補充することができるため、任意の総傾向を識別するために使用することができます。この情報は、潜在的に空間能力に関して将来の評価と介入への洞察を提供してもよいです。他の将来の洞察は、使用されるEEGのハードウェアで使用可能なチャネルの限られた数のこの研究では不可能であった脳のより具体的な領域を考慮することによって導出することができます。

<table><tbody><tr><td>Emotiv EPOC Model 1.0</td><td>Emotiv</td><td>Model: Emotiv Premium</td><td>&quot;High resolution, multi-channel, portable EEG system.&quot;</td></tr><tr><td>Emotiv Control Panel (software)</td><td>Emotiv</td><td></td><td>Used for data collection.</td></tr><tr><td>Emotiv Testbench (software)</td><td>Emotiv</td><td></td><td>Used for data collection.</td></tr><tr><td>Virtual Serial Port Emulator - VSPE (software)</td><td>ETERLOGIC.COM</td><td></td><td>Used COM10 in data collection. Available as a free download, depending on the operating system.</td></tr><tr><td>E-Prime 2.0 (software)</td><td>Psychology Software Tools</td><td></td><td>Used for data collection (presentation of problems to participants and collection of markers for different phases).</td></tr><tr><td>EEGLab 13.4.4b (software)</td><td>Swartz Center for Computational Neuroscience (SCCN)</td><td></td><td>Used for data analysis. &quot;An open source environment for electrophysiological signal processing&quot;. SCCN is a Center of the Institute for Neural Computation, the University of California San Diego.</td></tr><tr><td>MATLAB R2014b</td><td>The Mathworks, Inc.</td><td></td><td>Used to run EEGLab</td></tr><tr><td>Microsoft Excel 2013</td><td>Microsoft</td><td></td><td>Used to assemble and compare tabulated results from EEGLab &amp;amp; MATLAB, to create tables</td></tr><tr><td>Camcorder with built in Mic</td><td>Canon</td><td>CNVHFR50</td><td>Used to record sessions</td></tr><tr><td>Syringe Kit (5 cc syringe &amp;amp; 16 G blunted needles x 2)</td><td>Electro-Cap Intnl. Inc.</td><td>E7</td><td>For keeping the EEG cap&#039;s felts damp.</td></tr><tr><td>Nuprep EEG Skin Prep Gel</td><td>Weaver and Company</td><td>10-30</td><td>For cleaning the mastoid process.</td></tr><tr><td>Sanitizer</td><td>Purell</td><td>S-12808</td><td>For sanitizing hands</td></tr></tbody></table>

utilizing electroencephalography measurements for comparison of task-specific neural efficiencies: spatial intelligence tasks

空間的知性は、多くの場合、工学教育とエンジニアリングの職業での成功にリンクされています。彼らは解決策を導き出すための空間能力を必要とする連続したタスクを実行するよう、脳波の使用は個人の神経効率の比較計算を可能にします。神経の効率は、ここでは、他のグループや他のタスクと比較してタスクを実行するために、より少ないβ活性を有し、従ってより少ない神経リソースを消費として定義されます。同様の期間を持つタスクのタスク間の比較のために、これらの測定値は、タスクタイプの難易の比較を可能にすることができます。イントラ参加者と相互参加者の比較のために、これらの測定は、空間能力と異なるエンジニアリングの問題解決タスクの参加者のレベルに潜在的な洞察を提供しています。選択されたタスクのパフォーマンスを分析し、ベータ活動と相関させることができます。この作品は、学生のENGの神経効率を研究し、詳細な研究計画書を提示します典型的な空間能力と静力学の問題の解決で熟成。 、および静力学：学生が精神的に固有の問題テスト（MCT）ローテーションの、パーデュー空間の可視化試験（R PSVT）を切削を完了しました。これらの問題を解決するに従事しながら、参加者の脳波は、脳波をアルファおよびベータ脳波活性化および使用に関するデータを収集することができるようにして測定しました。作業は、エンジニアリングで成功した性能に経路および続くかもしれ工学教育における結果の改善を識別するために、空間的に集中的なエンジニアリング・タスクとの純粋な空間的なタスクの機能性能を相関させることになります。

以下に説明するように、このセクションでは、前述の手順は、サンプルの数字で示されています。本稿の目的は方法に焦点を当てることであるとして、統計的検定との完全なデータの要約は、提供されていません。潜在PSVTの例：R、MCT、および空間の問題はそれぞれ、 図1、 図2、及び図3に示されています。 EEGキャップは、図7に示すように並列に表示...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Utilizing Electroencephalography Measurements for Comparison of Task-Specific Neural Efficiencies: Spatial Intelligence Tasks at JoVE.com

Utilizing Electroencephalography Measurements for Comparison of Task-Specific Neural Efficiencies: Spatial Intelligence Tasks

本稿では、空間的に集束されたエンジニアリングの問題を解決しながら、人間の神経活動を測定するためのアプローチについて説明します。脳波の方法論は、最終的には、問題のタイプ間と参加者間の両方のタスクのパフォーマンスの比較を可能にする目的で、神経効率の点でベータ脳波測定値を解釈するのに役立ちます。

空間知能タスク：タスク固有ニューラル効率の比較のための脳波測定を活用

Spatial intelligence is often linked to success in engineering education and engineering professions. The use of electroencephalography enables ...

utilizing-electroencephalography-measurements-for-comparison-task

Research

Education

JoVE Core

JoVE Journal

Introduction to Psychology

Behavior

Unit 1

Thinking, Language And Intelligence

SCIENTISTS IN ACTION

11.3K ビュー.  Utah State University. 本稿では、空間的に集束されたエンジニアリングの問題を解決しながら、人間の神経活動を測定するためのアプローチについて説明します。脳波の方法論は、最終的には、問題のタイプ間と参加者間の両方のタスクのパフォーマンスの比較を可能にする目的で、神経効率の点でベータ脳波測定値を解釈するのに役立ちます。 

ビデオ: Utilizing Electroencephalography Measurements for Comparison of Task-Specific Neural Efficiencies: Spatial Intelligence Tasks

Performing Behavioral Tasks in Subjects with Intracranial Electrodes

Patients having stereo-electroencephalography (SEEG) electrode, subdural grid or depth electrode implants have a multitude of electrodes implanted in different areas of their brain for the localization of their seizure focus and eloquent areas. After implantation, the patient must remain in the hospital until the pathological area of brain is found and possibly resected. During this time, these patients offer a unique opportunity to the research community because any number of behavioral paradigms can be performed to uncover the neural correlates that guide behavior. Here we present a method for recording brain activity from intracranial implants as subjects perform a behavioral task designed to assess decision-making and reward encoding. All electrophysiological data from the intracranial electrodes are recorded during the behavioral task, allowing for the examination of the many brain areas involved in a single function at time scales relevant to behavior. Moreover, and unlike animal studies, human patients can learn a wide variety of behavioral tasks quickly, allowing for the ability to perform more than one task in the same subject or for performing controls. Despite the many advantages of this technique for understanding human brain function, there are also methodological limitations that we discuss, including environmental factors, analgesic effects, time constraints and recordings from diseased tissue. This method may be easily implemented by any institution that performs intracranial assessments; providing the opportunity to directly examine human brain function during behavior.

Patients implanted with intracranial electrodes provide a unique opportunity to record neurological data from multiple areas of the brain while the patient performs behavioral tasks. Here, we present a method of recording from implanted patients that can be reproducible at other institutions with access to this patient population.

頭蓋内電極を有する被験者に行動タスクの実行

Patients having stereo-electroencephalography (SEEG) electrode, subdural grid or depth electrode implants have a multitude of electrodes implanted in ...

行動学

Correlating Behavioral Responses to fMRI Signals from Human Prefrontal Cortex: Examining Cognitive Processes Using Task Analysis

The aim of this methods paper is to describe how to implement a neuroimaging technique to examine complementary brain processes engaged by two similar tasks. Participants' behavior during task performance in an fMRI scanner can then be correlated to the brain activity using the blood-oxygen-level-dependent signal. We measure behavior to be able to sort correct trials, where the subject performed the task correctly and then be able to examine the brain signals related to correct performance. Conversely, if subjects do not perform the task correctly, and these trials are included in the same analysis with the correct trials we would introduce trials that were not only for correct performance. Thus, in many cases these errors can be used themselves to then correlate brain activity to them. We describe two complementary tasks that are used in our lab to examine the brain during suppression of an automatic responses: the stroop1 and anti-saccade tasks. The emotional stroop paradigm instructs participants to either report the superimposed emotional 'word' across the affective faces or the facial 'expressions' of the face stimuli1,2. When the word and the facial expression refer to different emotions, a conflict between what must be said and what is automatically read occurs. The participant has to resolve the conflict between two simultaneously competing processes of word reading and facial expression. Our urge to read out a word leads to strong 'stimulus-response (SR)' associations; hence inhibiting these strong SR's is difficult and participants are prone to making errors. Overcoming this conflict and directing attention away from the face or the word requires the subject to inhibit bottom up processes which typically directs attention to the more salient stimulus. Similarly, in the anti-saccade task3,4,5,6, where an instruction cue is used to direct only attention to a peripheral stimulus location but then the eye movement is made to the mirror opposite position. Yet again we measure behavior by recording the eye movements of participants which allows for the sorting of the behavioral responses into correct and error trials7 which then can be correlated to brain activity. Neuroimaging now allows researchers to measure different behaviors of correct and error trials that are indicative of different cognitive processes and pinpoint the different neural networks involved.

The goal of our research is to correlate behavior to brain activity. Accurate behavioral measures and imaging techniques allow us to elucidate brain-behavior relationships.

人間の前頭前野皮質からfMRI信号への行動応答の相関：タスク分析を用いた認知プロセスを調べる

The aim of this methods paper is to describe how to implement a neuroimaging technique to examine complementary brain processes engaged by two similar ...

神経科学

Mapping Cortical Dynamics Using Simultaneous MEG/EEG and Anatomically-constrained Minimum-norm Estimates: an Auditory Attention Example

Magneto- and electroencephalography (MEG/EEG) are neuroimaging techniques that provide a high temporal resolution particularly suitable to investigate the cortical networks involved in dynamical perceptual and cognitive tasks, such as attending to different sounds in a cocktail party. Many past studies have employed data recorded at the sensor level only, i.e., the magnetic fields or the electric potentials recorded outside and on the scalp, and have usually focused on activity that is time-locked to the stimulus presentation. This type of event-related field / potential analysis is particularly useful when there are only a small number of distinct dipolar patterns that can be isolated and identified in space and time. Alternatively, by utilizing anatomical information, these distinct field patterns can be localized as current sources on the cortex. However, for a more sustained response that may not be time-locked to a specific stimulus (e.g., in preparation for listening to one of the two simultaneously presented spoken digits based on the cued auditory feature) or may be distributed across multiple spatial locations unknown a priori, the recruitment of a distributed cortical network may not be adequately captured by using a limited number of focal sources.
Here, we describe a procedure that employs individual anatomical MRI data to establish a relationship between the sensor information and the dipole activation on the cortex through the use of minimum-norm estimates (MNE). This inverse imaging approach provides us a tool for distributed source analysis. For illustrative purposes, we will describe all procedures using FreeSurfer and MNE software, both freely available. We will summarize the MRI sequences and analysis steps required to produce a forward model that enables us to relate the expected field pattern caused by the dipoles distributed on the cortex onto the M/EEG sensors. Next, we will step through the necessary processes that facilitate us in denoising the sensor data from environmental and physiological contaminants. We will then outline the procedure for combining and mapping MEG/EEG sensor data onto the cortical space, thereby producing a family of time-series of cortical dipole activation on the brain surface (or "brain movies") related to each experimental condition. Finally, we will highlight a few statistical techniques that enable us to make scientific inference across a subject population (i.e., perform group-level analysis) based on a common cortical coordinate space.

We use magneto- and electroencephalography (MEG/EEG), combined with anatomical information captured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), to map the dynamics of the cortical network associated with auditory attention.

同時MEG / EEGおよび解剖学的に制約のある最小ノルム推定値を使用してマッピング皮質ダイナミクス：聴覚注意の例

Magneto- and electroencephalography (MEG/EEG) are neuroimaging techniques that provide a high temporal resolution particularly suitable to investigate the ...

Applications of EEG Neuroimaging Data: Event-related Potentials, Spectral Power, and Multiscale Entropy

When considering human neuroimaging data, an appreciation of signal variability represents a fundamental innovation in the way we think about brain signal. Typically, researchers represent the brain's response as the mean across repeated experimental trials and disregard signal fluctuations over time as "noise". However, it is becoming clear that brain signal variability conveys meaningful functional information about neural network dynamics. This article describes the novel method of multiscale entropy (MSE) for quantifying brain signal variability. MSE may be particularly informative of neural network dynamics because it shows timescale dependence and sensitivity to linear and nonlinear dynamics in the data.

Neuroimaging researchers typically consider the brain's response as the mean activity across repeated experimental trials and disregard signal variability over time as "noise". However, it is becoming clear that there is signal in that noise. This article describes the novel method of multiscale entropy for quantifying brain signal variability in the time domain.

EEGニューロイメージングデータの応用：事象関連電位、スペクトルパワー、およびマルチスケールエントロピー

When considering human neuroimaging data, an appreciation of signal variability represents a fundamental innovation in the way we think about brain ...

Simultaneous Monitoring of Wireless Electrophysiology and Memory Behavioral Test as a Tool to Study Hippocampal Neurogenesis

Brainwaves amplitude obtained from electroencephalography (EEG) has been well-recognized as a basis for cognitive capacity, memory, and learning on animals and humans. Adult neurogenesis mechanism is also linked to memory and learning improvement. Traditionally, researchers used to assess learning and memory parameters in rodent models by behavioral tasks. Therefore, the simultaneous monitoring of behavioral changes and EEG is particularly interesting in correlating data between brain activity and task-related behaviors. However, most of the equipment required to perform both studies are either complex, expensive, or uses a wired setup network that hinders the natural animals&#8217; movement. In this study, EEG was recorded with a wireless electrophysiology device along with the execution of a novel object recognition task (NORT). The animal&#8217;s behavior was monitored simultaneously by a video tracking system. Both recordings were analyzed offline by their timestamps which were synched to link EEG signals with the animal&#8217;s actions. Subjects consist of adult Wistar rats after medium-term environmental enrichment treatment. Six skull screw electrodes were fixed in pairs on both hemispheres over frontal, central, and parietal regions and were referenced to an electrode located posterior of the nasal bone. NORT protocol consists of exposing the animal to two identical objects for 10 min. After 2 h and 24 h, one of the objects was replaced with a novel one. Exploration time for each object was monitored by a behavioral tracking software (BTS) and EEG data recording. The analysis of the EEG synced with behavioral data consists of estimations of alpha and beta relative band power and comparisons between novel object recognition versus familiar object exploration, between three experimental stages. In this manuscript, we have discussed electrodes manufacturing process, epidural electrodes implantation surgery, environmental enrichment protocol, NORT protocol, BTS setup, EEG &#8211; BTS coupling for simultaneous monitoring in real-time, and EEG data analysis based on automatic events detection.

The protocol presented here provides information on the simultaneous electroencephalography (EEG) and behavioral assessment in real-time. We have discussed all steps involved in this protocol as an attractive solution for researchers in many fields of neuroscience, particularly in learning and memory areas.

海馬神経新生研究ツールとしての無線電気生理学と記憶行動検査の同時モニタリング

Brainwaves amplitude obtained from electroencephalography (EEG) has been well-recognized as a basis for cognitive capacity, memory, and learning on ...

Analyzing Neural Activity and Connectivity Using Intracranial EEG Data with SPM Software

Measuring neural activity and connectivity associated with cognitive functions at high spatial and temporal resolutions is an important goal in cognitive neuroscience. Intracranial electroencephalography (EEG) can directly record electrical neural activity and has the unique potential to accomplish this goal. Traditionally, averaging analysis has been applied to analyze intracranial EEG data; however, several new techniques are available for depicting neural activity and intra- and inter-regional connectivity. Here, we introduce two analytical protocols we recently applied to analyze intracranial EEG data using the Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM) software: time-frequency SPM analysis for neural activity and dynamic causal modeling of induced responses for intra- and inter-regional connectivity. We report our analysis of intracranial EEG data during the observation of faces as representative results. The results revealed that the inferior occipital gyrus (IOG) showed gamma-band activity at very early stages (110 ms) in response to faces, and both the IOG and amygdala showed rapid intra- and inter-regional connectivity using various types of oscillations. These analytical protocols have the potential to identify the neural mechanisms underlying cognitive functions with high spatial and temporal profiles.

We present two analytical protocols that can be used to analyze intracranial electroencephalography data using the Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM) software: time-frequency statistical parametric mapping analysis for neural activity, and dynamic causal modeling of induced responses for intra- and inter-regional connectivity.

神経活動と Spm と頭蓋内脳波データを使用した接続の分析

Measuring neural activity and connectivity associated with cognitive functions at high spatial and temporal resolutions is an important goal in cognitive ...

Conducting Concurrent Electroencephalography and Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Recordings with a Flanker Task

Concurrent EEG and fNIRS recordings offer an excellent opportunity to gain a full understanding of the neural mechanism of cognitive processing by inspecting the relationship between the neural and hemodynamic signals. EEG is an electrophysiological technology that can measure the rapid neuronal activity of the cortex, whereas fNIRS relies on the hemodynamic responses to infer brain activation. The combination of EEG and fNIRS neuroimaging techniques can identify more features and reveal more information associated with the functioning of the brain. In this protocol, fused EEG-fNIRS measurements were performed for concurrent recordings of evoked-electrical potentials and hemodynamic responses during a Flanker task. In addition, the critical steps for setting up the hardware and software system as well as the procedures for data acquisition and analysis were provided and discussed in detail. It is expected that the present protocol can pave a new avenue for improving the understanding of the neural mechanisms underlying various cognitive processes by using the EEG and fNIRS signals.

The present protocol describes how to perform concurrent EEG and fNIRS recordings and how to inspect the relationship between the EEG and fNIRS data.&#160;

フランカータスクによる同時脳波と機能的近赤外分光記録の実施

Concurrent EEG and fNIRS recordings offer an excellent opportunity to gain a full understanding of the neural mechanism of cognitive processing by ...

A Visuospatial Planning Task Coupled with Eye-Tracker and Electroencephalogram Systems

The planning process, characterized by the capability to formulate an organized plan to reach a goal, is essential for human goal-directed behavior. Since planning is compromised in several neuropsychiatric disorders, the implementation of proper clinical and experimental tests to examine planning is critical. Due to the nature of the deployment of planning, in which several cognitive domains participate, the assessment of planning and the design of behavioral paradigms coupled with neuroimaging methods are current challenges in cognitive neuroscience. A planning task was evaluated in combination with an electroencephalogram (EEG) system and eye movement recordings in 27 healthy adult participants. Planning can be separated into two stages: a mental planning stage in which a sequence of steps is internally represented and an execution stage in which motor action is used to achieve a previously planned goal. Our protocol included a planning task and a control task. The planning task involved solving 36 maze trials, each representing a zoo map. The task had four periods: i) planning, where the subjects were instructed to plan a path to visit the locations of four animals according to a set of rules; ii) maintenance, where the subjects had to retain the planned path in their working memory; iii) execution, where the subjects used eye movements to trace the previously planned path as indicated by the eye-tracker system; and iv) response, where the subjects reported the order of the visited animals. The control task had a similar structure, but the cognitive planning component was removed by modifying the task goal. The spatial and temporal patterns of the EEG revealed that planning induces a gradual and lasting rise in frontal-midline theta activity (FM&#952;) over time. The source of this activity was identified within the prefrontal cortex by source analyses. Our results suggested that the experimental paradigm combining EEG and eye-tracker systems was optimal for evaluating cognitive planning.

The study of cognitive planning combining EEG and eye-tracking systems provides a multimodal approach to investigate the neural mechanisms that mediate cognitive control and goal-directed behavior in humans. Here, we describe a protocol for investigating the role of brain oscillations and eye movements in planning performance.

The planning process, characterized by the capability to formulate an organized plan to reach a goal, is essential for human goal-directed behavior. Since ...

Electroencephalography Network Indices as Biomarkers of Upper Limb Impairment in Chronic Stroke

Alteration of electroencephalography (EEG) signals during task-specific movement of the impaired limb has been reported as a potential biomarker for the severity of motor impairment and for the prediction of motor recovery in individuals with stroke. When implementing EEG experiments, detailed paradigms and well-organized experiment protocols are required to obtain robust and interpretable results. In this protocol, we illustrate a task-specific paradigm with upper limb movement and methods and techniques needed for the acquisition and analysis of EEG data. The paradigm consists of 1 min of rest followed by 10 trials comprising alternating 5 s and 3 s of resting and task (hand extension)-states, respectively, over 4 sessions. EEG signals were acquired using 32 Ag/AgCl scalp electrodes at a sampling rate of 1,000 Hz. Event-related spectral perturbation analysis associated with limb movement and functional network analyses at the global level in the low-beta (12-20 Hz) frequency band were performed. Representative results showed an alteration of the functional network of low-beta EEG frequency bands during movement of the impaired upper limb, and the altered functional network was associated with the degree of motor impairment in chronic stroke patients. The results demonstrate the feasibility of the experimental paradigm in EEG measurements during upper limb movement in individuals with stroke. Further research using this paradigm is needed to determine the potential value of EEG signals as biomarkers of motor impairment and recovery.

The experimental protocol demonstrates the paradigm for acquiring and analyzing electroencephalography (EEG) signals during upper limb movement in individuals with stroke. The alteration of the functional network of low-beta EEG frequency bands was observed during the movement of the impaired upper limb and was associated with the degree of motor impairment.

慢性脳卒中における上肢障害のバイオマーカーとしての脳波ネットワーク指標

Alteration of electroencephalography (EEG) signals during task-specific movement of the impaired limb has been reported as a potential biomarker for the ...

<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>小児てんかんのローカリゼーションにおけるMEGとHD-EEGの統合

Electromagnetic Source Imaging in Presurgical Evaluation of Children with Drug-Resistant Epilepsy

For children with drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE), seizure freedom relies on the delineation and resection (or ablation/disconnection) of the epileptogenic zone (EZ) while preserving the eloquent brain areas. The development of a reliable and noninvasive localization method that provides clinically useful information for the localization of the EZ is, therefore, crucial to achieving successful surgical outcomes. Electric and magnetic source imaging (ESI and MSI) have been increasingly utilized in the presurgical evaluation of these patients showing promising findings in the delineation of epileptogenic as well as eloquent brain areas. Moreover, the combination of ESI and MSI into a single solution, namely electromagnetic source imaging (EMSI), performed on simultaneous high-density electroencephalography (HD-EEG) and magnetoencephalography (MEG) recordings has shown higher source localization accuracy than either modality alone. Despite these encouraging findings, such techniques are performed in only a few tertiary epilepsy centers, are rarely recorded simultaneously, and are underutilized in pediatric cohorts. This study illustrates the experimental setup for recording simultaneous MEG and HD-EEG data as well as the methodological framework for analyzing these data aiming to localize the irritative zone, the seizure onset zone, and eloquent brain areas in children with DRE. More specifically, the experimental setups are presented for (i) recording and localizing interictal and ictal epileptiform activity during sleep and (ii) recording visual-, motor-, auditory-, and somatosensory-evoked responses and mapping relevant eloquent brain areas (i.e., visual, motor, auditory, and somatosensory) during visuomotor task, as well as auditory and somatosensory stimulations. Detailed steps of the data analysis pipeline are further presented for performing EMSI as well as individual ESI and MSI using equivalent current dipole (ECD) and dynamic statistical parametric mapping (dSPM).

<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>著者スポットライト:新規バイオマーカーとローカリゼーションの強化による小児てんかん手術の進歩

Magnetoencephalography (MEG) and high-density electroencephalography (HD-EEG) are rarely recorded simultaneously, although they yield confirmatory and complementary information. Here, we illustrate the experimental setup for recording simultaneous MEG and HD-EEG and the methodology for analyzing these data aiming to localize epileptogenic and eloquent brain areas in children with drug-resistant epilepsy.

薬剤耐性てんかん小児の術前評価における電磁源イメージング

For children with drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE), seizure freedom relies on the delineation and resection (or ablation/disconnection) of the epileptogenic ...