Este trabajo fue apoyado en parte por una subvención-en-Ayudas a la Investigación Científica (Nº 24225003). Este trabajo fue apoyado financieramente por el JX Nippon Oil &amp; Energy Corporation.

1. Preparación de soluciones capa activa <ol><li> Solución de la capa activa de los dispositivos de PFD amina dopado NOTA: El PFD, 4,4 &#39;, 4&#39; &#39;- tris [2-naftil (fenil) amino] trifenilamina (2-TNATA), 9,9-dimetil-N, N&#39; di (1-naftil) - N , N &#39;difenil-9H-fluoreno-2,7-diamina (DMFL-NPB), poli (óxido de etileno) (PEO), se utilizaron tal como se recibieron. El trifluorometanosulfonato de potasio (K 2 CF 3 SO 3) se secó a vacío a 200 ° C durante 1 hora antes de su uso. <ol><li> Para los dispositivos que tienen un PFD: relación de amina de 1: 0,25, se disuelven 10 mg de PFD y 2,5 mg de la amina aromática en 1 ml de cloroformo y se agita durante 1 hora a 40 ° C. Para los que tienen un PFD: relación de amina de 1: 1, utilizar 10 mg de la amina aromática. </li><li> Por separado, se disuelven 10 mg de PEO en 1 ml de ciclohexanona y se agita durante 1 hora a 60 ° C, y se disuelven 2,5 mg de trifluorometanosulfonato de potasio (KCF 3 SO 3) en 1ml de ciclohexanona y se agita durante 1 hora a 40 ° C. </li><li> Añadir 0,78 ml de la solución de PEO y 0,147 ml de la solución de KCF 3 SO 3 a la solución PFD utilizando micropipetas. Se agita la solución mixta durante 4 horas a 40 ° C. </li><li> Filtrar la solución se mezcló usando un filtro de membrana antes de girar recubrimiento. </li></ol></li><li> Solución de la capa activa para el dispositivo PFD no dopado <ol><li> Para el dispositivo PFD no dopado, se disuelven 10 mg de PFD en 1 ml de cloroformo y se agita durante 1 hora a 40 ° C. Los pasos que siguen son los mismos que los descritos anteriormente para los PFDs amina dopado en 1.1.2 - 1.1.4. </li></ol></li></ol> 2. fabricación de dispositivos LEC NOTA: El proceso de fabricación de dispositivos de LEC se resume en la Figura 1. <ol><li> óxido de indio-estaño (ITO) modelada sustratos de vidrio limpias con ultrasonidos detergente diluido, seguido de agua desionizada, acetona y 2-propanol usando unabaño de escritorio de ultrasonidos (38 kHz) durante 3 min para cada paso. Por último, eliminar el disolvente usando un soplador de N2. </li><li> Tratar los sustratos con UV / O 3 para 3 min usando un UV / O 3 unidad de tratamiento de acuerdo con el protocolo del fabricante. Realizar el proceso de recubrimiento de la capa activa en una atmósfera inerte en una caja de guantes. </li><li> Establecer un sustrato limpiado en la cabeza de una recubridora de rotación. Dispensar alrededor de 100 l de la solución de la capa activa utilizando una micropipeta. Girar el sustrato de la siguiente manera: 800 rpm durante 60 seg, a aumentar la tasa a 1.000 rpm durante 3 segundos, a continuación, girar a 1000 rpm durante 10 s. El espesor de la capa activa será de alrededor de 150 nm. </li><li> Se secan los sustratos revestidos de la noche a la mañana guantera. </li><li> Retirar el exceso de polímero para asegurar una conexión adecuada del electrodo y la encapsulación. </li><li> Coloque los sustratos sobre un soporte de evaporación para la deposición de aluminio. Cargar el soporte en la cámara de evaporación, y térmicamente depositar una capa de 100 nm de aluminioa una velocidad de evaporación de 0,4 nm / seg a través de una máscara de la evaporación de acero inoxidable, que tiene 3 mm de ancho aberturas para depositar los contraelectrodos de aluminio. </li><li> Cuando la deposición se ha completado, la transferencia de los dispositivos a una caja de guantes bajo una atmósfera inerte. Aplicar una gota de resina epoxi curable UV en la forma de un rectángulo con un dispensador. Coloque una cubierta de vidrio (15 mm x 12 mm x 0,7 mm de espesor) en la resina para encapsular el dispositivo (véase la Figura 1). </li><li> Curar la resina usando la radiación UV (dosis acumulativa: 6.000 mJ / cm 2, longitud de onda: 365 nm) a partir de una fuente de luz UV-LED. </li></ol> 3. Caracterización <ol><li> mediciones JVL NOTA: La densidad de corriente (J) de baja tensión (V) -luminance (L) (JVL) las características y las coordenadas Commission Internationale de l&#39;Eclairage (CIE) se midieron utilizando un detector de foto espectral equipado con un monitor de fuente de corriente de tensión continua. El sistema de medición se controla mediante unaPC con un software de control personalizado para la adquisición de datos. El sistema fue calibrado protocolo siguiente del fabricante y las mediciones se realizaron en la oscuridad bajo una cortina de negro. <ol><li> Conectar los terminales a los contactos del dispositivo con pinzas de cocodrilo. Coloque el dispositivo en la etapa de medición. </li><li> Ejecutar el software de control para la adquisición de datos. El sistema controla el voltaje aplicado y la corriente con el tiempo y recoge los espectros de emisión por el espectrómetro a través de una fibra óptica. </li></ol></li></ol>

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The authors have nothing to disclose.

El LEC tiene una que contiene PFD hidrófobo y aminas aromáticas, y óxido de polietileno hidrófilo y KCF 3 SO 3 capa activa. Debido a que estos materiales tienen muy diferentes solubilidades, cuidadosa preparación de la solución de recubrimiento por centrifugación es crítico para evitar la solvatación incompletos. Cada uno debe disolverse primero por separado y completamente en disolventes con suficiente capacidad de solvatación, a continuación, las soluciones se mezclan entre sí para fo...

Research and development of polymer light-emitting electrochemical cells (PLECs) have expanded in recent years.1-15 PLECs are similar to organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) in that both are surface emitting organic devices and are expected to find their way into future lighting applications. OLEDs are already on the market, but the cost is still high, one reason being that OLEDs need a complicated device structure with multiple layers. In contrast, PLECs have a very simple device structure which consists of a single active layer (emitting layer) between a pair of electrodes. This means that PLECs are suited to mass production processes such as roll-to-roll printing and coating. 
A PLEC has an active layer consisting of a fluorescent &#960;-conjugated polymer (FCP). The FCP can be electrochemically doped with a polymer electrolyte (a mixture of an ion conducting polymer and a salt). The FCP is p-doped on the anode side and n-doped on the cathode side during operation, and generates excitons which emit light between the p- and n-doped regions. Therefore, the emission color reflects the exciton emission (=fluorescence) wavelength of the FCP.
Stable white light emission is important for lighting applications, and color mixing techniques which employ two or more emitters have been widely used to achieve this.10-14 Recently, we presented a different approach for obtaining stable white light emission, using an active layer which contains blue-fluorescent poly(9,9-di-n-dodecylfluorenyl-2,7-diyl) (PFD) and &#960;-conjugated aromatic amines15. This white light emission comes from exciplexes formed between PFD and amine molecules in excited states. Exciplex emission has a broader spectrum compared to the exciton emission from the PDF and/or amines, which gives it a color close to that of natural light. This translates to a higher color rendering index (CRI), which is preferable for lighting applications.
In this article, the authors describe the procedure used to fabricate the exciplex based LECs and show the stability of their white light emission.

<table><tbody><tr><td>Poly(9,9-di-n-dodecylfluorenyl-2,7-diyl) (PFD)</td><td>Aldrich</td><td>571660</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>4,4&amp;rsquo;,4&amp;rsquo;&amp;rsquo;-Tris[2-naphthyl(phenyl)amino] triphenylamine (2-TNATA)</td><td>Aldrich</td><td>768669</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>9,9-Dimethyl-&lt;em&gt;N,N&amp;rsquo;&lt;/em&gt;-di(1-naphthyl)-&lt;em&gt;N,N&amp;rsquo;&lt;/em&gt;-diphenyl-9H-fluorene-2,7-diamine (DMFL-NPB)</td><td>Aldrich</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)</td><td>Aldrich</td><td>182028</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Potassium tirifluoromethansulfonate (KCF&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;SO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;)</td><td>Aldrich</td><td>422843</td><td>dried under vacuum at 200 &amp;deg;C for 2&amp;nbsp;hr prior to use</td></tr><tr><td>Chloroform</td><td>Kanto Chemical Co.</td><td>08097-25</td><td>dehydrated</td></tr><tr><td>Cyclohexanone</td><td>Kanto Chemical Co.</td><td>07555-00</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>SCAT 20-X (detergent)</td><td>Daiichi Kogyo Seiyaku</td><td></td><td>diluted with water</td></tr><tr><td>Acetone</td><td>Kanto Chemical Co.</td><td>01866-25</td><td>Electronic grage</td></tr><tr><td>2-propanol</td><td>Kanto Chemical Co.</td><td>32439-75</td><td>Electronic grage</td></tr><tr><td>13 mm GD/X Disposable Filter Device PVDF Filter Media, Polypropylene Housing</td><td>Whatman</td><td>6872-1304</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>UV/O&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; Treating Unit</td><td>SEN Lights Co.</td><td>SSP16-110</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Spectral Photo Detector</td><td>Otsuka Electronics</td><td>MCPD 9800</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Voltage Current Source Monitor</td><td>ADCMT</td><td>6241A</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Evaporation Mask</td><td>Tokyo Process Service Co., Ltd.</td><td>NA</td><td>The evaporation mask was wet-etched to create openings for patterned deposition of aluminum. The size of the mask is 100 mm x 100 mm x 0.2&amp;nbsp;mm-thick.</td></tr></tbody></table>

fabrication of white light-emitting electrochemical cells with stable emission from exciplexes

Los autores presentan un método para la fabricación estable de emisión de luz blanca a partir de células electroquímicas emisores de luz de polímero (plecs) que tiene una capa activa que consiste en poli-azul fluorescente (9,9-di-n-dodecylfluorenyl-2,7-diilo) ( PFD) y moléculas trifenilamina π-conjugados. Esta emisión de luz blanca se origina a partir exciplejos formados entre PFD y aminas en estados excitados electrónicamente. Un dispositivo que contiene PFD, 4,4 &#39;, 4&#39; &#39;- tris [2-naftilo (fenil) amino] trifenilamina (2-TNATA), poli (óxido de etileno) y K 2 CF 3 SO 3 mostró emisión de luz blanca con Commission Internationale de l&#39;Éclairage (CIE) coordenadas (0,33, 0,43) y un índice de rendimiento de color (CRI) de Ra = 73 a una tensión aplicada de las mediciones de voltaje constante 3,5 V. mostró que la CIE coordenadas (0,27, 0,37), Ra de 67, y el color emisión observada inmediatamente después de la aplicación de una tensión de 5 V fueron casi sin cambios y estable después de300 sec.

La electroluminiscencia (EL) espectros se utiliza para calcular las coordenadas CIE y los valores de CRI (Figuras 2, 4, 5). Se recogieron las imágenes fotográficas de los dispositivos emisores para verificar la blancura de la emisión (Figura 3). Los espectros de EL de los dispositivos de PFD amina dopado y el dispositivo de PFD no dopado se muestra en la Figura 2. El dispos...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Fabrication of White Light-emitting Electrochemical Cells with Stable Emission from Exciplexes at JoVE.com

Fabrication of White Light-emitting Electrochemical Cells with Stable Emission from Exciplexes

The authors present a method for fabricating stable white-light-emitting electrochemical cells utilizing emission from exciplexes formed between a blue-emitting fluorene polymer and aromatic amines.

La fabricación de la luz blanca de emisores de celdas electroquímicas con emisión estable de exciplejos

The authors present an approach for fabricating stable white light emission from polymer light-emitting electrochemical cells (PLECs) having an active ...

fabrication-white-light-emitting-electrochemical-cells-with-stable

Research

JoVE Journal

Engineering

8.0K vistas.  JX Nippon Oil & Energy Corporation. The authors present a method for fabricating stable white-light-emitting electrochemical cells utilizing emission from exciplexes formed between a blue-emitting fluorene polymer and aromatic amines.

Video: Fabrication of White Light-emitting Electrochemical Cells with Stable Emission from Exciplexes

Integrating a Triplet-triplet Annihilation Up-conversion System to Enhance Dye-sensitized Solar Cell Response to Sub-bandgap Light

The poor response of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) to red and infrared light is a significant impediment to the realization of higher photocurrents and hence higher efficiencies. Photon up-conversion by way of triplet-triplet annihilation (TTA-UC) is an attractive technique for using these otherwise wasted low energy photons to produce photocurrent, while not interfering with the photoanodic performance in a deleterious manner. Further to this, TTA-UC has a number of features, distinct from other reported photon up-conversion technologies, which renders it particularly suitable for coupling with DSC technology. In this work, a proven high performance TTA-UC system, comprising a palladium porphyrin sensitizer and rubrene emitter, is combined with a high performance DSC (utilizing the organic dye D149) in an integrated device. The device shows an enhanced response to sub-bandgap light over the absorption range of the TTA-UC sub-unit resulting in the highest figure of merit for up-conversion assisted DSC performance to date.

An integrated device, incorporating a dye-sensitized solar cell and triplet-triplet annihilation up-conversion unit was produced, affording enhanced light harvesting, from a wider section of the solar spectrum. Under modest irradiation levels a significantly enhanced response to low energy photons was demonstrated, yielding a record figure of merit for dye-sensitized solar cells.

La integración de un Sistema de Up-conversión trío-triplete Aniquilación para Mejorar sensibilizado-Dye respuesta de células solares a la luz Sub-gap

The poor response of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) to red and infrared light is a significant impediment to the realization of higher photocurrents ...

Investigación

Ingeniería

Scale-up Chemical Synthesis of Thermally-activated Delayed Fluorescence Emitters Based on the Dibenzothiophene-S,S-Dioxide Core

We report a procedure to linearly scale-up the synthesis of 2,8-bis(3,6-di-tert-butyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)dibenzothiophene-S,S-dioxide (compound 4) and 2,8-bis(10H-phenothiazin-10-yl)dibenzothiophene-S,S-dioxide (compound 5) using Buchwald-Hartwig cross-coupling reaction conditions. In addition, we demonstrate a scaled-up synthesis of all non-commercially available starting materials that are required for the amination cross-coupling reaction. In the present article, we provide the detailed synthetic procedures for all of the described compounds, alongside their spectral characterization. This work shows the possibility to produce organic molecules for optoelectronic applications on a large scale, which facilitates their implementation into real world devices.

Scale-up synthesis of highly efficient thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitters is described in the presented article.

Síntesis química de escalado de fluorescencia retardada activada térmicamente emisores basado en el núcleo Dibenzothiophene-S, dióxido de S

We report a procedure to linearly scale-up the synthesis of 2,8-bis(3,6-di-tert-butyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)dibenzothiophene-S,S-dioxide (compound 4) and ...

Química

Time-resolved Photophysical Characterization of Triplet-harvesting Organic Compounds at an Oxygen-free Environment Using an iCCD Camera

Here, we present a sensible method of the acquisition and analysis of time-resolved photoluminescence using an ultrafast iCCD camera. This system enables the acquisition of photoluminescence spectra covering the time regime from nanoseconds up to 0.1 s. This enables us to follow the changes in the intensity (decay) and emission of the spectra over time. Using this method, it is possible to study diverse photophysical phenomena, such as the emission of phosphorescence, and the contributions of prompt and delayed fluorescence in molecules showing thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF). Remarkably, all spectra and decays are obtained in a single experiment. This can be done for solids (thin film, powder, crystal) and liquid samples, where the only limitations are the spectral sensitivity of the camera and the excitation wavelength (532 nm, 355 nm, 337 nm, and 266 nm). This technique is, thus, very important when investigating the excited state dynamics in organic emitters for their application in organic light-emitting diodes and other areas where triplet harvesting is of paramount importance. Since triplet states are strongly quenched by oxygen, emitters with efficient TADF luminescence, or those showing room temperature phosphorescence (RTP), must be correctly prepared in order to remove any dissolved oxygen from solutions and films. Otherwise, no long-lived emission will be observed. The method of degassing solid samples as presented in this work is basic and simple, but the degassing of liquid samples creates additional difficulties and is particularly interesting. A method of minimizing solvent loss and changing the sample concentration, while still enabling to remove oxygen in a very efficient and a repeatable manner, is presented in this work.

Here, we present a method of the spectroscopic characterization of organic molecules by means of time-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy on the nanosecond-to-millisecond timescale in oxygen-free conditions. Methods to efficiently remove oxygen from the samples and, thus, limit luminescence quenching are also described.

Tiempo-resolved fotofísicas caracterización de trío cosecha compuestos orgánicos en un libre de oxígeno ambiente usando un iCCD cámara

Here, we present a sensible method of the acquisition and analysis of time-resolved photoluminescence using an ultrafast iCCD camera. This system enables ...

Production and Characterization of Vacuum Deposited Organic Light Emitting Diodes

A method for producing simple and efficient thermally-activated delayed fluorescence organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) based on guest-host or exciplex donor-acceptor emitters is presented. With a step-by-step procedure, readers will be able to repeat and produce OLED devices based on simple organic emitters. A patterning procedure allowing the creation of personalized indium tin oxide (ITO) shape is shown. This is followed by the evaporation of all layers, encapsulation and characterization of each individual device. The end goal is to present a procedure that will give the opportunity to repeat the information presented in cited publication but also using different compounds and structures in order to prepare efficient OLEDs.

A protocol for the production of simple structured organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) is presented.

Producción y caracterización de vacío depositan diodos electroluminosos orgánicos

A method for producing simple and efficient thermally-activated delayed fluorescence organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) based on guest-host or exciplex ...

Enhanced Electron Injection and Exciton Confinement for Pure Blue Quantum-Dot Light-Emitting Diodes by Introducing Partially Oxidized Aluminum Cathode

Stable and efficient red (R), green (G), and blue (B) light sources based on solution-processed quantum dots (QDs) play important roles in next-generation displays and solid-state lighting technologies. The brightness and efficiency of blue QDs-based light-emitting diodes (LEDs) remain inferior to their red and green counterparts, due to the inherently unfavorable energy levels of different colors of light. To solve these problems, a device structure should be designed to balance the injection holes and electrons into the emissive QD layer. Herein, through a simple autoxidation strategy, pure blue QD-LEDs which are highly bright and efficient are demonstrated, with a structure of ITO/PEDOT:PSS/Poly-TPD/QDs/Al:Al2O3. The autoxidized Al:Al2O3 cathode can effectively balance the injected charges and enhance radiative recombination without introducing an additional electron transport layer (ETL). As a result, high color-saturated blue QD-LEDs are achieved with a maximum luminance over 13,000 cd m-2, and a maximum current efficiency of 1.15 cd A-1. The easily controlled autoxidation procedure paves the way for achieving high-performance blue QD-LEDs.

A protocol is presented for fabricating high-performance, pure blue ZnCdS/ZnS-based quantum dots light-emitting diodes by employing an autoxidized aluminum cathode.

Inyección electrónica mejorada y el confinamiento de excitón de punto cuántico de puro azul diodos emisores de luz mediante la introducción de cátodo de aluminio parcialmente oxidadas

Stable and efficient red (R), green (G), and blue (B) light sources based on solution-processed quantum dots (QDs) play important roles in next-generation ...

An Electrochemical Cholesteric Liquid Crystalline Device for Quick and Low-Voltage Color Modulation

We demonstrate a method for fabricating a prototype reflective display device that contains cholesteric liquid crystal (LC) as an active component. The cholesteric LC is composed of a nematic LC 4&#39;-pentyloxy-4-cyanobiphenyl (5OCB), redox-responsive chiral dopant (FcD), and a supporting electrolyte 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate (EMIm-OTf). The most important component is FcD. This molecule changes its helical twisting power (HTP) value in response to redox reactions. Therefore, in situ electrochemical redox reactions in the LC mixture allow for the device to change its reflection color in response to electrical stimuli. The LC mixture was introduced, by a capillary action, into a sandwich-type ITO glass cell comprising two glass slides with patterned indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes, one of which was coated with poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-co-poly(ethylene glycol) doped with perchlorate (PEDOT+). Upon application of +1.5 V, the reflection color of the device changed from blue (467 nm) to green (485 nm) in 0.4 s. Subsequent application of 0 V made the device recover the original blue color in 2.7 s. This device is characterized by its fastest electrical response and lowest operating voltage among any previously reported cholesteric LC device. This device could pave the way for the development of next generation reflective displays with low energy consumption rates.

A protocol for the fabrication of a reflective cholesteric liquid crystalline display device containing a redox-responsive chiral dopant allowing quick and low-voltage operation is presented.

Un dispositivo cristalino líquido colestérico electroquímico para modulación de Color rápida y de baja tensión

We demonstrate a method for fabricating a prototype reflective display device that contains cholesteric liquid crystal (LC) as an active component. The ...

Preparing a Celadonite Electron Source and Estimating Its Brightness

The electron celadonite source described here performs well in a low-energy electron point-source projection microscope in long-range imaging. It presents major advantages compared to sharp metal tips. Its robustness affords a lifetime of months and it can be used under relatively high pressure. The celadonite crystal is deposited at the apex of a carbon fiber, maintained itself in a coaxial structure ensuring a spherical beam shape and easy mechanical positioning to align the source, the object and the electron-optical system axis. There is a single crystal deposition via generation of celadonite-containing water droplets with a micropipette. Scanning electron microscopy observation can be performed to verify the deposition. However, this adds steps and therefore increases the risk of damaging the source. Thus, after preparation, the source is usually inserted directly under vacuum in the projection microscope. A first high voltage supply provides the kick-off needed to start the electron emission. The field emission process involved is then measured: it has already been observed for dozens of electron sources prepared in this way. The brightness is under-estimated through an over-estimation of source size, intensity at one energy and cone angle measured in a projection system.

The article presents a protocol to prepare a celadonite source and estimate its brightness for use in a long-range imaging low-energy electron point-source projection microscope.

Preparar una fuente de electrones de celadonita y estimar su brillo

The electron celadonite source described here performs well in a low-energy electron point-source projection microscope in long-range imaging. It presents ...

Development of Efficient OLEDs from Solution Deposition

The use of highly efficient organic emitters based on the thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) concept is interesting due to their 100% internal quantum efficiency. Presented here is a solution deposition method for the fabrication of efficient organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) based on a TADF emitter in a simple device structure. This fast, low-cost, and efficient process can be used for all OLED emissive layers that follow the host-guest concept. The fundamental steps are described along with necessary information for further reproduction. The goal to establish a general protocol that can be easily adapted for principal organic emitters currently under study and development.

Presented here is a protocol for the fabrication of efficient, simple, solution-deposited organic light-emitting diodes with low roll-off.

Desarrollo de OLEDs eficientes a partir de la deposición de soluciones

The use of highly efficient organic emitters based on the thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) concept is interesting due to their 100% ...

Síntesis hidrotermal de nanopartículas luminiscentes persistentes

Synthesis of Persistent Luminescent Nanoparticles for Rewritable Displays and Illumination Applications

Persistent luminescent nanoparticles (PLNPs) possess the capabilities to maintain extended longevity and robust emission even after the excitation has ceased. PLNPs have been widely used across various domains, including information displays, data encryption, biological imaging, and artistic decoration with sustained and vivid luminosity, providing boundless possibilities for a variety of innovative technology and artistic projects. This protocol focuses on an experimental procedure for the hydrothermal synthesis of PLNPs. The successful synthesis of enduring luminescent nanomaterials with Mn2+ or Cr3+ serving as a luminescent center in Zn2GeO4: Mn (ZGO: Mn) or ZnGa2O4: Cr highlights the universality of this synthetic method. On the other hand, the optical properties of ZGO: Mn can be changed by adjusting the pH of precursor solutions, demonstrating the tunability of the protocol. When charged with ultraviolet (UV) at a wavelength of 365 nm for 3 min and then stopped, PLNPs exhibit the remarkable capacity to generate afterglow efficiently and consistently, which makes them ideal for making two-dimensional rewritable displays and three-dimensional transparent, luminous artworks. This protocol outlined in this paper provides a feasible method for the synthesis of persistent luminescent nanoparticles for further illumination and imaging applications, opening up novel prospects for the fields of science and art.

Autor destacado: Avance de la bioimagen y la terapia con nanomateriales funcionales

A protocol is presented for the synthesis of persistent luminescent nanomaterials (PLNPs) and their potential applications in rewritable displays and artistic processing utilizing the afterglow effect under ultraviolet light (365 nm) irradiation.

Síntesis de nanopartículas luminiscentes persistentes para pantallas regrabables y aplicaciones de iluminación

Persistent luminescent nanoparticles (PLNPs) possess the capabilities to maintain extended longevity and robust emission even after the excitation has ...

La fabricación de la luz blanca de emisores de celdas electroquímicas con emisión estable de exciplejos

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