이 작품은 부분적으로 과학 연구에 대한 보조금의 원조 (번호 24225003)에 의해 지원되었다. 이 작품은 JX 니폰 오일 &amp; 에너지 사에 의해 재정적으로 지원되었다.

활성 레이어 솔루션 1. 준비 <ol><li> 아민 첨가 PFD 장치의 활성층 용액 주 : PFD, 4,4 &#39;, 4&#39; &#39;- 트리스 [2- 나프 틸 (페닐) 아미노] 트리 페닐 아민 (2-TNATA), 9,9- 다이 메틸 N, N&#39;- 디 (1- 나프 틸) - N 수신으로, N &#39;- 디 페닐로 -9H- 플루 오렌 -2,7- 디아민 (DMFL-NPB)는, 폴리 (에틸렌 옥사이드) (PEO)를 사용 하였다. 칼륨 트리 플루오로 메탄 술포 네이트 (K 2 CF 3 SO 3)를 사용하기 전에 1 시간 동안 200 ℃에서 진공 건조 하였다. <ol><li> 하나의 아민 비율하십시오 PFD를 갖는 디바이스의 경우 0.25, PFD 10mg을 클로로포름 1 ㎖에 방향족 아민 250 mg을 용해하고, 40 ℃에서 1 시간 동안 교반한다. 1 아민 비율 :하십시오 PFD 가진 사람들을 위해 1, 방향족 아민 10 mg을 사용합니다. </li><li> (1)를 개별적으로, 시클로 헥사 논 1 ㎖에 PEO 10 ㎎을 용해하고, 60 ℃에서 1 시간 동안 교반하고, 칼륨, 트리 플루오로 메탄 술포 네이트 2.5 ㎎을 용해 (KCF 3 SO 3)시클로 헥사 논 용액 및 40 ° C에서 1 시간 동안 교반한다. </li><li> PEO 용액 0.78 mL 및 마이크로 피펫을 사용하여 PFD 솔루션에 KCF 3 SO 3 용액의 0.147 ML을 추가합니다. 40 ° C에서 4 시간 동안 혼합 용액을 교반한다. </li><li> 스핀 코팅 이전의 멤브레인 필터를 사용하여 혼합 용액을 필터. </li></ol></li><li> 도핑 PFD 장치 활성층 용액 <ol><li> 도핑 PFD 장치 클로로포름 1 ㎖에 PFD 10 ㎎을 용해하고, 40 ℃에서 1 시간 동안 교반한다. 1.1.4 - 수행 단계 1.1.2의 아민 도핑 PFDs 대해 전술 한 것과 동일하다. </li></ol></li></ol> LEC 장치 2. 제조 주 : LEC 장치의 제조 공정은도 1에 요약 하였다. <ol><li> 이온수, 아세톤 및 2- 프로판올은을 사용하여 희석 하였다 세제로 초음파 깨끗한 무늬 인듐 - 주석 산화물 (ITO) 유리 기판각 단계에 대한 3 분 동안 데스크톱 초음파 목욕 (38 kHz에서). 마지막으로, N 2 송풍기를 이용하여 용매를 제거한다. </li><li> 제조 업체의 프로토콜에 따라 유닛을 치료 자외선 / O 3를 사용하여 3 분 동안 UV / O 3 기판을 취급합니다. 글러브 박스에서, 불활성 분위기 하에서 활성층 코팅 공정을 수행한다. </li><li> 스핀 코터의 머리에 청소 기판을 설정합니다. 마이크로 피펫을 사용하여 활성층 용액을 약 100 μl를 분배. 다음으로 기판을 스핀 : 800 rpm으로 60 초 후, 10 초 동안 1000 rpm에서 스핀 3 초 동안 1000 rpm으로 속도를 증가시킨다. 활성층의 두께는 약 150 나노 미터 일 것이다. </li><li> 글러브 박스 하룻밤에 코팅 된 기판을 건조시킵니다. </li><li> 적절한 전극 연결 및 캡슐화를 보장하기 위해 여분의 중합체를 닦아냅니다. </li><li> 알루미늄 증착하기위한 증착 홀더에 기판을 놓습니다. 증착 챔버 내의 홀더로드 및 열적 알루미늄을 100 nm의 층을 증착3mm 알루미늄 대향 전극을 증착 넓은 개구부를 갖는 스테인리스 스틸 마스크를 통해 증착 0.4 ㎚ / 초의 증착 속도로. </li><li> 증착이 완료 될 때, 불활성 분위기 하의 글로브 박스에 반송 장치. 디스펜서를 사용하여 사각형 형상으로 UV 경화형 에폭시 수지의 비드를 적용한다. 커버 유리 (15mm X X 0.7 mm 두께 12mm) 장치를 캡슐화 수지에 (그림 1 참조)을 놓습니다. </li><li> 자외선 LED를 광원으로 사용하는 수지 UV 방사선 (: 6000 mJ의 / ㎠, 파장 365 nm의 누적 투여 량)을 치료. </li></ol> 3. 특성 <ol><li> JVL 측정 주 : 전류 밀도 (J) - 전압 (V) -luminance (L)은 (JVL) 특성 및 국제 조명위원회 드 난 ECLAIRAGE (CIE) 좌표는 DC 전압 전류원 모니터가 장착 된 스펙트럼 광 검출기를 사용하여 측정 하였다. 측정 시스템은 제어되고데이터 수집을위한 사용자 지정 컨트롤 소프트웨어를 PC. 이 시스템은 다음 제조업 자의 프로토콜을 교정하고, 측정 검정 커튼하에 어둠 속에서 수행 하였다. <ol><li> 악어 클립 장치의 연락처에 단자를 연결합니다. 측정 단계에서 장치를 놓습니다. </li><li> 데이터 수집을위한 제어 소프트웨어를 실행합니다. 이 시스템은 시간에 따른인가 된 전압과 전류를 제어하고, 광파이버를 통하여 분광기에 의한 발광 스펙트럼을 수집한다. </li></ol></li></ol>

<ol><li>Pei, Q., Yu, G., Zhang, C., Yang, Y., Heeger, A. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Polymer+light-emitting+electrochemical+cells%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Science%22%5BJournal%5D)">Polymer light-emitting electrochemical cells.</a> Science. 269 (5227), 1086-1088 (1995).</li>
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<li>Fang, J., Matyba, P., Edman, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((The+Design+and+Realization+of+Flexible%2C+Long-Lived+Light-Emitting+Electrochemical+Cells%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Adv.+Funct.+Mater%22%5BJournal%5D)">The Design and Realization of Flexible, Long-Lived Light-Emitting Electrochemical Cells.</a> Adv. Funct. Mater. 19 (16), 2671-2676 (2009).</li>
<li>Yu, Z., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Stabilizing+the+Dynamic+p%E2%88%92+i%E2%88%92+n+Junction+in+Polymer+Light-Emitting+Electrochemical+Cells%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22J.+Phys.+Chem.+Lett%22%5BJournal%5D)">Stabilizing the Dynamic p− i− n Junction in Polymer Light-Emitting Electrochemical Cells.</a> J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2 (5), 367-372 (2011).</li>
<li>Sandström, A., Dam, H. F., Krebs, F. C., Edman, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Ambient+fabrication+of+flexible+and+large-area+organic+light-emitting+devices+using+slot-die+coating%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Nat.+Commun%22%5BJournal%5D)">Ambient fabrication of flexible and large-area organic light-emitting devices using slot-die coating.</a> Nat. Commun. 3, 1002(2012).</li>
<li>Liang, J., Li, L., Niu, X., Yu, Z., Pei, Q. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Elastomeric+polymer+light-emitting+devices+and+displays%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Nat.+Photonics%22%5BJournal%5D)">Elastomeric polymer light-emitting devices and displays.</a> Nat. Photonics. 7 (10), 817-824 (2013).</li>
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<li>Tang, S., Buchholz, H. A., Edman, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((White+Light+from+a+Light-Emitting+Electrochemical+Cell%3A+Controlling+the+Energy-Transfer+in+a+Conjugated+Polymer%2FTriplet-Emitter+Blend%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22ACS+Appl.+Mater.+Iterfaces%22%5BJournal%5D)">White Light from a Light-Emitting Electrochemical Cell: Controlling the Energy-Transfer in a Conjugated Polymer/Triplet-Emitter Blend.</a> ACS Appl. Mater. Iterfaces. 7 (46), 25955-25960 (2015).</li>
<li>Nishikitani, Y., Takizawa, D., Nishide, H., Uchida, S., Nishimura, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((White+Polymer+Light-Emitting+Electrochemical+Cells+Fabricated+Using+Energy+Donor+and+Acceptor+Fluorescent+%CF%80-Conjugated+Polymers+Based+on+Concepts+of+Band-Structure+Engineering%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22J.+Phys.+Chem.+C%22%5BJournal%5D)">White Polymer Light-Emitting Electrochemical Cells Fabricated Using Energy Donor and Acceptor Fluorescent π-Conjugated Polymers Based on Concepts of Band-Structure Engineering.</a> J. Phys. Chem. C. 119 (52), 28701-28710 (2015).</li>
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</ol>

The authors have nothing to disclose.

LEC의 소수성 PFD 및 방향족 아민과 친수성 폴리에틸렌 옥사이드와 KCF 3 SO 3을 포함하는 활성층을 가지고있다. 이러한 물질은 매우 다른 용해성을 가지고 있기 때문에, 스핀 코팅 용액의 제조 조심 불완전 매화를 피하기 위해 중요하다. 각 제 균일 한 혼합물을 형성 한 다음이 용액을 함께 혼합되어 충분한 매화 능력을 가진 용매에 개별적으로 완전히 용해되어야한다. 엑시톤과 excipl...

Research and development of polymer light-emitting electrochemical cells (PLECs) have expanded in recent years.1-15 PLECs are similar to organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) in that both are surface emitting organic devices and are expected to find their way into future lighting applications. OLEDs are already on the market, but the cost is still high, one reason being that OLEDs need a complicated device structure with multiple layers. In contrast, PLECs have a very simple device structure which consists of a single active layer (emitting layer) between a pair of electrodes. This means that PLECs are suited to mass production processes such as roll-to-roll printing and coating. 
A PLEC has an active layer consisting of a fluorescent &#960;-conjugated polymer (FCP). The FCP can be electrochemically doped with a polymer electrolyte (a mixture of an ion conducting polymer and a salt). The FCP is p-doped on the anode side and n-doped on the cathode side during operation, and generates excitons which emit light between the p- and n-doped regions. Therefore, the emission color reflects the exciton emission (=fluorescence) wavelength of the FCP.
Stable white light emission is important for lighting applications, and color mixing techniques which employ two or more emitters have been widely used to achieve this.10-14 Recently, we presented a different approach for obtaining stable white light emission, using an active layer which contains blue-fluorescent poly(9,9-di-n-dodecylfluorenyl-2,7-diyl) (PFD) and &#960;-conjugated aromatic amines15. This white light emission comes from exciplexes formed between PFD and amine molecules in excited states. Exciplex emission has a broader spectrum compared to the exciton emission from the PDF and/or amines, which gives it a color close to that of natural light. This translates to a higher color rendering index (CRI), which is preferable for lighting applications.
In this article, the authors describe the procedure used to fabricate the exciplex based LECs and show the stability of their white light emission.

<table><tbody><tr><td>Poly(9,9-di-n-dodecylfluorenyl-2,7-diyl) (PFD)</td><td>Aldrich</td><td>571660</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>4,4&amp;rsquo;,4&amp;rsquo;&amp;rsquo;-Tris[2-naphthyl(phenyl)amino] triphenylamine (2-TNATA)</td><td>Aldrich</td><td>768669</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>9,9-Dimethyl-&lt;em&gt;N,N&amp;rsquo;&lt;/em&gt;-di(1-naphthyl)-&lt;em&gt;N,N&amp;rsquo;&lt;/em&gt;-diphenyl-9H-fluorene-2,7-diamine (DMFL-NPB)</td><td>Aldrich</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)</td><td>Aldrich</td><td>182028</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Potassium tirifluoromethansulfonate (KCF&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;SO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;)</td><td>Aldrich</td><td>422843</td><td>dried under vacuum at 200 &amp;deg;C for 2&amp;nbsp;hr prior to use</td></tr><tr><td>Chloroform</td><td>Kanto Chemical Co.</td><td>08097-25</td><td>dehydrated</td></tr><tr><td>Cyclohexanone</td><td>Kanto Chemical Co.</td><td>07555-00</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>SCAT 20-X (detergent)</td><td>Daiichi Kogyo Seiyaku</td><td></td><td>diluted with water</td></tr><tr><td>Acetone</td><td>Kanto Chemical Co.</td><td>01866-25</td><td>Electronic grage</td></tr><tr><td>2-propanol</td><td>Kanto Chemical Co.</td><td>32439-75</td><td>Electronic grage</td></tr><tr><td>13 mm GD/X Disposable Filter Device PVDF Filter Media, Polypropylene Housing</td><td>Whatman</td><td>6872-1304</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>UV/O&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; Treating Unit</td><td>SEN Lights Co.</td><td>SSP16-110</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Spectral Photo Detector</td><td>Otsuka Electronics</td><td>MCPD 9800</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Voltage Current Source Monitor</td><td>ADCMT</td><td>6241A</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Evaporation Mask</td><td>Tokyo Process Service Co., Ltd.</td><td>NA</td><td>The evaporation mask was wet-etched to create openings for patterned deposition of aluminum. The size of the mask is 100 mm x 100 mm x 0.2&amp;nbsp;mm-thick.</td></tr></tbody></table>

fabrication of white light-emitting electrochemical cells with stable emission from exciplexes

저자 (청색 형광 폴리 (9,9- 디 -n- dodecylfluorenyl -2,7- 디일)으로 구성되는 활성층을 갖는 고분자 발광 전기 화학 전지에서 안정된 백색 발광 (PLECs)를 제조하는 방법을 제시 PFD)와 π 공역 트리 페닐 아민 분자. 이 백색 발광 전자적으로 흥분 상태에 PFD 및 아민 사이에 형성 exciplexes에서 유래. &#39;, 4&#39; &#39;PFD 4,4를 포함하는 장치 - 트리스 [2- 나프 틸 (페닐) 아미노] 트리 페닐 아민 (2-TNATA), 폴리 (에틸렌 옥사이드) 및 K 2 CF 3 SO 3 국제위원회 백색 발광을 나타내었다 드 난 ECLAIRAGE (CIE)는 (0.33, 0.43) 좌표와 연색 지수 (CRI)가 3.5 V. 일정한 전압 측정의인가 전압에서 라 = 73의는 CIE는 (0.27, 0.37), 라 좌표 것으로 나타났다 67, 5 V의 전압을인가 한 직후 관찰 발광색 거의 변하지 이후의 안정300 초.

전계 발광 (EL) 스펙트럼은 CIE 좌표 및 CRI 값 (도 2, 4, 5)를 계산하는데 사용되었다. 발광 소자의 사진 이미지가 발광 (도 3)의 백색도를 확인하기 위해 수집 하였다. 아민 첨가 PFD 장치 및 도핑되지 않은 PFD 장치의 EL 스펙트럼을도 2에 나타낸다. 도핑 된 PFD 장치 PFD 여기자 방출에 해당하는 ?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Fabrication of White Light-emitting Electrochemical Cells with Stable Emission from Exciplexes at JoVE.com

Fabrication of White Light-emitting Electrochemical Cells with Stable Emission from Exciplexes

The authors present a method for fabricating stable white-light-emitting electrochemical cells utilizing emission from exciplexes formed between a blue-emitting fluorene polymer and aromatic amines.

화이트의 제작 Exciplexes에서 안정 방출과 전기 화학 셀 라이트 발광

The authors present an approach for fabricating stable white light emission from polymer light-emitting electrochemical cells (PLECs) having an active ...

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Engineering

8.0K 조회수.  JX Nippon Oil & Energy Corporation. The authors present a method for fabricating stable white-light-emitting electrochemical cells utilizing emission from exciplexes formed between a blue-emitting fluorene polymer and aromatic amines.

비디오: Fabrication of White Light-emitting Electrochemical Cells with Stable Emission from Exciplexes

Integrating a Triplet-triplet Annihilation Up-conversion System to Enhance Dye-sensitized Solar Cell Response to Sub-bandgap Light

The poor response of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) to red and infrared light is a significant impediment to the realization of higher photocurrents and hence higher efficiencies. Photon up-conversion by way of triplet-triplet annihilation (TTA-UC) is an attractive technique for using these otherwise wasted low energy photons to produce photocurrent, while not interfering with the photoanodic performance in a deleterious manner. Further to this, TTA-UC has a number of features, distinct from other reported photon up-conversion technologies, which renders it particularly suitable for coupling with DSC technology. In this work, a proven high performance TTA-UC system, comprising a palladium porphyrin sensitizer and rubrene emitter, is combined with a high performance DSC (utilizing the organic dye D149) in an integrated device. The device shows an enhanced response to sub-bandgap light over the absorption range of the TTA-UC sub-unit resulting in the highest figure of merit for up-conversion assisted DSC performance to date.

An integrated device, incorporating a dye-sensitized solar cell and triplet-triplet annihilation up-conversion unit was produced, affording enhanced light harvesting, from a wider section of the solar spectrum. Under modest irradiation levels a significantly enhanced response to low energy photons was demonstrated, yielding a record figure of merit for dye-sensitized solar cells.

삼중 항 - 삼중 종말 최대 변환 시스템을 통합하면 하위 밴드 갭 빛에 염료 감응 형 태양 전지의 응답을 향상시키기 위해

The poor response of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) to red and infrared light is a significant impediment to the realization of higher photocurrents ...

연구

공학

Scale-up Chemical Synthesis of Thermally-activated Delayed Fluorescence Emitters Based on the Dibenzothiophene-S,S-Dioxide Core

We report a procedure to linearly scale-up the synthesis of 2,8-bis(3,6-di-tert-butyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)dibenzothiophene-S,S-dioxide (compound 4) and 2,8-bis(10H-phenothiazin-10-yl)dibenzothiophene-S,S-dioxide (compound 5) using Buchwald-Hartwig cross-coupling reaction conditions. In addition, we demonstrate a scaled-up synthesis of all non-commercially available starting materials that are required for the amination cross-coupling reaction. In the present article, we provide the detailed synthetic procedures for all of the described compounds, alongside their spectral characterization. This work shows the possibility to produce organic molecules for optoelectronic applications on a large scale, which facilitates their implementation into real world devices.

Scale-up synthesis of highly efficient thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitters is described in the presented article.

스케일-업 Dibenzothiophene S, S-이산화 코어에 따라 열 활성화 지연된 형광 방출의 화학 합성

We report a procedure to linearly scale-up the synthesis of 2,8-bis(3,6-di-tert-butyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)dibenzothiophene-S,S-dioxide (compound 4) and ...

화학

Time-resolved Photophysical Characterization of Triplet-harvesting Organic Compounds at an Oxygen-free Environment Using an iCCD Camera

Here, we present a sensible method of the acquisition and analysis of time-resolved photoluminescence using an ultrafast iCCD camera. This system enables the acquisition of photoluminescence spectra covering the time regime from nanoseconds up to 0.1 s. This enables us to follow the changes in the intensity (decay) and emission of the spectra over time. Using this method, it is possible to study diverse photophysical phenomena, such as the emission of phosphorescence, and the contributions of prompt and delayed fluorescence in molecules showing thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF). Remarkably, all spectra and decays are obtained in a single experiment. This can be done for solids (thin film, powder, crystal) and liquid samples, where the only limitations are the spectral sensitivity of the camera and the excitation wavelength (532 nm, 355 nm, 337 nm, and 266 nm). This technique is, thus, very important when investigating the excited state dynamics in organic emitters for their application in organic light-emitting diodes and other areas where triplet harvesting is of paramount importance. Since triplet states are strongly quenched by oxygen, emitters with efficient TADF luminescence, or those showing room temperature phosphorescence (RTP), must be correctly prepared in order to remove any dissolved oxygen from solutions and films. Otherwise, no long-lived emission will be observed. The method of degassing solid samples as presented in this work is basic and simple, but the degassing of liquid samples creates additional difficulties and is particularly interesting. A method of minimizing solvent loss and changing the sample concentration, while still enabling to remove oxygen in a very efficient and a repeatable manner, is presented in this work.

Here, we present a method of the spectroscopic characterization of organic molecules by means of time-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy on the nanosecond-to-millisecond timescale in oxygen-free conditions. Methods to efficiently remove oxygen from the samples and, thus, limit luminescence quenching are also described.

Here, we present a sensible method of the acquisition and analysis of time-resolved photoluminescence using an ultrafast iCCD camera. This system enables ...

Production and Characterization of Vacuum Deposited Organic Light Emitting Diodes

A method for producing simple and efficient thermally-activated delayed fluorescence organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) based on guest-host or exciplex donor-acceptor emitters is presented. With a step-by-step procedure, readers will be able to repeat and produce OLED devices based on simple organic emitters. A patterning procedure allowing the creation of personalized indium tin oxide (ITO) shape is shown. This is followed by the evaporation of all layers, encapsulation and characterization of each individual device. The end goal is to present a procedure that will give the opportunity to repeat the information presented in cited publication but also using different compounds and structures in order to prepare efficient OLEDs.

A protocol for the production of simple structured organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) is presented.

A method for producing simple and efficient thermally-activated delayed fluorescence organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) based on guest-host or exciplex ...

Enhanced Electron Injection and Exciton Confinement for Pure Blue Quantum-Dot Light-Emitting Diodes by Introducing Partially Oxidized Aluminum Cathode

Stable and efficient red (R), green (G), and blue (B) light sources based on solution-processed quantum dots (QDs) play important roles in next-generation displays and solid-state lighting technologies. The brightness and efficiency of blue QDs-based light-emitting diodes (LEDs) remain inferior to their red and green counterparts, due to the inherently unfavorable energy levels of different colors of light. To solve these problems, a device structure should be designed to balance the injection holes and electrons into the emissive QD layer. Herein, through a simple autoxidation strategy, pure blue QD-LEDs which are highly bright and efficient are demonstrated, with a structure of ITO/PEDOT:PSS/Poly-TPD/QDs/Al:Al2O3. The autoxidized Al:Al2O3 cathode can effectively balance the injected charges and enhance radiative recombination without introducing an additional electron transport layer (ETL). As a result, high color-saturated blue QD-LEDs are achieved with a maximum luminance over 13,000 cd m-2, and a maximum current efficiency of 1.15 cd A-1. The easily controlled autoxidation procedure paves the way for achieving high-performance blue QD-LEDs.

A protocol is presented for fabricating high-performance, pure blue ZnCdS/ZnS-based quantum dots light-emitting diodes by employing an autoxidized aluminum cathode.

Stable and efficient red (R), green (G), and blue (B) light sources based on solution-processed quantum dots (QDs) play important roles in next-generation ...

An Electrochemical Cholesteric Liquid Crystalline Device for Quick and Low-Voltage Color Modulation

We demonstrate a method for fabricating a prototype reflective display device that contains cholesteric liquid crystal (LC) as an active component. The cholesteric LC is composed of a nematic LC 4&#39;-pentyloxy-4-cyanobiphenyl (5OCB), redox-responsive chiral dopant (FcD), and a supporting electrolyte 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate (EMIm-OTf). The most important component is FcD. This molecule changes its helical twisting power (HTP) value in response to redox reactions. Therefore, in situ electrochemical redox reactions in the LC mixture allow for the device to change its reflection color in response to electrical stimuli. The LC mixture was introduced, by a capillary action, into a sandwich-type ITO glass cell comprising two glass slides with patterned indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes, one of which was coated with poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-co-poly(ethylene glycol) doped with perchlorate (PEDOT+). Upon application of +1.5 V, the reflection color of the device changed from blue (467 nm) to green (485 nm) in 0.4 s. Subsequent application of 0 V made the device recover the original blue color in 2.7 s. This device is characterized by its fastest electrical response and lowest operating voltage among any previously reported cholesteric LC device. This device could pave the way for the development of next generation reflective displays with low energy consumption rates.

A protocol for the fabrication of a reflective cholesteric liquid crystalline display device containing a redox-responsive chiral dopant allowing quick and low-voltage operation is presented.

전기 화학 Cholesteric 액체 결정 장치를 신속 하 고 낮은 전압 색깔 변조에 대 한

We demonstrate a method for fabricating a prototype reflective display device that contains cholesteric liquid crystal (LC) as an active component. The ...

Preparing a Celadonite Electron Source and Estimating Its Brightness

The electron celadonite source described here performs well in a low-energy electron point-source projection microscope in long-range imaging. It presents major advantages compared to sharp metal tips. Its robustness affords a lifetime of months and it can be used under relatively high pressure. The celadonite crystal is deposited at the apex of a carbon fiber, maintained itself in a coaxial structure ensuring a spherical beam shape and easy mechanical positioning to align the source, the object and the electron-optical system axis. There is a single crystal deposition via generation of celadonite-containing water droplets with a micropipette. Scanning electron microscopy observation can be performed to verify the deposition. However, this adds steps and therefore increases the risk of damaging the source. Thus, after preparation, the source is usually inserted directly under vacuum in the projection microscope. A first high voltage supply provides the kick-off needed to start the electron emission. The field emission process involved is then measured: it has already been observed for dozens of electron sources prepared in this way. The brightness is under-estimated through an over-estimation of source size, intensity at one energy and cone angle measured in a projection system.

The article presents a protocol to prepare a celadonite source and estimate its brightness for use in a long-range imaging low-energy electron point-source projection microscope.

청해전자 원전 준비 및 밝기 추정

The electron celadonite source described here performs well in a low-energy electron point-source projection microscope in long-range imaging. It presents ...

Development of Efficient OLEDs from Solution Deposition

The use of highly efficient organic emitters based on the thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) concept is interesting due to their 100% internal quantum efficiency. Presented here is a solution deposition method for the fabrication of efficient organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) based on a TADF emitter in a simple device structure. This fast, low-cost, and efficient process can be used for all OLED emissive layers that follow the host-guest concept. The fundamental steps are described along with necessary information for further reproduction. The goal to establish a general protocol that can be easily adapted for principal organic emitters currently under study and development.

Presented here is a protocol for the fabrication of efficient, simple, solution-deposited organic light-emitting diodes with low roll-off.

용액 증착을 통한 효율적인 OLED 개발

The use of highly efficient organic emitters based on the thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) concept is interesting due to their 100% ...

Hydrothermal Synthesis of Persistent Luminescent Nanoparticles

Synthesis of Persistent Luminescent Nanoparticles for Rewritable Displays and Illumination Applications

Persistent luminescent nanoparticles (PLNPs) possess the capabilities to maintain extended longevity and robust emission even after the excitation has ceased. PLNPs have been widely used across various domains, including information displays, data encryption, biological imaging, and artistic decoration with sustained and vivid luminosity, providing boundless possibilities for a variety of innovative technology and artistic projects. This protocol focuses on an experimental procedure for the hydrothermal synthesis of PLNPs. The successful synthesis of enduring luminescent nanomaterials with Mn2+ or Cr3+ serving as a luminescent center in Zn2GeO4: Mn (ZGO: Mn) or ZnGa2O4: Cr highlights the universality of this synthetic method. On the other hand, the optical properties of ZGO: Mn can be changed by adjusting the pH of precursor solutions, demonstrating the tunability of the protocol. When charged with ultraviolet (UV) at a wavelength of 365 nm for 3 min and then stopped, PLNPs exhibit the remarkable capacity to generate afterglow efficiently and consistently, which makes them ideal for making two-dimensional rewritable displays and three-dimensional transparent, luminous artworks. This protocol outlined in this paper provides a feasible method for the synthesis of persistent luminescent nanoparticles for further illumination and imaging applications, opening up novel prospects for the fields of science and art.

저자 스포트라이트: 기능성 나노물질을 이용한 바이오이미징 및 치료의 발전

A protocol is presented for the synthesis of persistent luminescent nanomaterials (PLNPs) and their potential applications in rewritable displays and artistic processing utilizing the afterglow effect under ultraviolet light (365 nm) irradiation.

Synthesis of persistent luminescent nanoparticles for rewritable display and illumination applications(재기록 가능한 디스플레이 및 조명 응용을 위한 영구 발광 나노입자의 합성)

Persistent luminescent nanoparticles (PLNPs) possess the capabilities to maintain extended longevity and robust emission even after the excitation has ...

화이트의 제작 Exciplexes에서 안정 방출과 전기 화학 셀 라이트 발광

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