El trabajo descrito en este documento fue apoyado por una beca del Fondo de Innovación CII-HK / PolyU. Más apoyo fue proporcionado por el Plan de Shenzhen Peacock (KQTD2015071616442225) y el Gobierno chino Programa &quot;Mil Talent&quot; (Y62HB31601). Además, la ayuda del Departamento de Biología Aplicada y Tecnología Química de la Universidad Politécnica de Hong Kong y el Instituto de Hong Kong Universidad Politécnica de Investigación para el Desarrollo Urbano Sostenible (RISUD) es apreciado.

1. Pre-tratamiento de la HGM <ol><li> Coloque la HGM en un vaso de precipitados de 500 ml con 200 ml de alcohol absoluto; la baja densidad de ininterrumpida HGM hace que se suspenda en el alcohol, pero debido a que la densidad de HGM roto es mayor que el del alcohol, se precipita en la solución. Después de 30 min, recoger la HGM suspendido usando una cuchara limpio y seco a 80 ° C en un horno para su posterior aplicación. </li></ol> 2. Síntesis de MCHGM <ol><li> Coloque 5 g de ininterrumpida HGM, 47,5 ml de etanol y 2,5 ml de agua DI en un matraz de tres bocas. Se agita utilizando un motor de mezcla a 400 r / min durante 20 min (pre-mezcla). </li><li> Mezclar 15 g de TBT, 1 g de PFOTES, y 30 ml de alcohol absoluto en un vaso de precipitados de 200 mL. Verter la mezcla en un embudo de presión constante. </li><li> Insertar el embudo de presión constante en uno de los agujeros del matraz de tres bocas. La caída de la mezcla contenida en el embudo de presión constante en el matraz de tres bocas a una velocidad de1 gota por 7 s, que se consigue mediante el ajuste de la válvula del embudo de presión constante. Continuar la reacción durante 3 h. </li><li> Verter la mezcla del matraz de tres bocas en un reactor hidrotermal. Poner el reactor sellado en un manguito de acero adecuado en un horno de 180 ° C durante 6 h. NOTA: Asegúrese de que el reactor tiene una cubierta adecuada. Después de que está cubierto, poner el reactor en el manguito de acero. El manguito también debe ser sellado con una tapa. </li><li> Después de la reacción ha terminado, recoger las muestras en suspensión en el reactor hidrotermal utilizando una cuchara grande. Secar las muestras a 80 ° C durante 4 h para obtener MCHGM. </li></ol> 3. Síntesis de F-SCHGM <ol><li> Añadir 5 g de ininterrumpida HGM, 47,5 ml de etanol absoluto, y 2,5 ml de agua DI a un matraz de tres bocas. Se agita utilizando un motor de mezcla a 400 r / min durante 20 min (pre-mezcla). Mezclar 1 g de PFOTES y 30 ml de etanol absoluto en un vaso de precipitados de 200 mL. Transferir el PFOTES y absoluta emezcla THANOL a un embudo de presión constante. </li><li> Insertar el embudo de presión constante en el matraz de tres bocas. La caída de la mezcla contenida en el embudo de presión constante en el matraz de tres bocas a una velocidad de 1 gota por 7 s. Que la reacción ejecutar durante 3 h. </li><li> Transferir la mezcla del matraz de tres bocas a un reactor hidrotermal. Poner el reactor sellado en un horno de 180 ° C durante 6 h. Después de la reacción ha terminado, recoger las muestras en suspensión en el reactor hidrotermal utilizando una cuchara grande. Secar las muestras a 80 ° C durante 4 h para obtener F-SCHGM. </li></ol> 4. Síntesis de Ti-SCHGM <ol><li> Coloque 5 g de ininterrumpida HGM, 47,5 ml de etanol absoluto, y 2,5 ml de agua DI en un matraz de tres bocas. Se agita a 400 r / min durante 20 min (pre-mezcla). Mezclar 15 g de TBT y 30 ml de etanol absoluto en un vaso de precipitados de 200 mL. La transferencia de la OTC y la mezcla de etanol absoluto a un embudo de presión constante. </li><li> Inserte las constantes-presSeguro de embudo en el matraz de tres bocas. La caída de la mezcla en el embudo de presión constante en el matraz de tres bocas a una velocidad de 1 gota por 7 s. Que la reacción ejecutar durante 3 h. </li><li> Transferir la mezcla del matraz de tres bocas a un reactor hidrotermal. Poner el reactor sellado en un horno de 180 ° C durante 6 h. Recoger las muestras en el reactor hidrotérmico después de la reacción ha terminado. Secar las muestras a 80 ° C durante 4 h para obtener Ti-SCHGM. </li></ol> 5. Caracterizaciones <ol><li> Llevar a cabo las caracterizaciones de DRX en todas las muestras. Recoger los datos utilizando un sistema altamente versátil, polivalente difracción de rayos X con radiación de Cu Ka (λ = 0,15406 nm) y un 2θ que van desde 10 ° a 80 °. </li><li> Adquirir microscopio electrónico de barrido 20, 21 imágenes después de la pulverización de las muestras con oro. Durante las pruebas de SEM, llevar a cabo la EDS está en un área específica. </li><li> Medir laAngulo de contacto mediante el uso de un goniómetro de contacto angular 22; el volumen de la gota de agua debe ser de 10! l. </li><li> Mida el ángulo de deslizamiento 23 al cambiar el ángulo de inclinación de la superficie. Minimizar el ángulo hasta que la gota de agua apenas puede deslizarse hacia abajo. <ol><li> Cinta de palo de doble cara en una hoja de vidrio (tamaño: 26 mm x 76 mm x 2 mm). Con una cuchara, de manera uniforme colocar los polvos (F-SCHGM o MCHGM) en la cinta. Usando un inyector, añadir una gota de agua (volumen: 0,05 ml) a la superficie del polvo. </li><li> Ponga la hoja de vidrio en la plataforma del motor del goniómetro de ángulo de contacto. Incline la hoja de vidrio al inclinarse la plataforma de motor a una velocidad de 1 ° / s. Parar el motor cuando la gota de agua comienza a deslizarse; el ángulo de inclinación es el ángulo de deslizamiento. </li></ol></li><li> Medir los espectros de reflectividad utilizando un espectrofotómetro 24. NOTA: La longitud de onda es de 450 nm a 2550 nm. </li><li> Medir la conductividad térmica de todas las muestrasutilizando un medidor de conductividad térmica 25. </li></ol>

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The authors have nothing to disclose.

En este manuscrito, el paso crítico en el protocolo es el proceso hidrotérmico. Influye en la formación de TiO 2, la reflectividad final, y la superhydrophobicity. El control de la temperatura y tiempo de reacción son también bastante significativo. Si cambian las condiciones de reacción, los productos finales pueden ser defectuoso. Este método proporciona una forma sencilla para sintetizar HGM superhidrofóbica y altamente IR-reflectante en un solo paso. En la investigaci?...

microesferas de vidrio huecas (HGM) son materiales inorgánicos que varían en tamaño de 10 a 100! m. Ellos demuestran muchas características útiles, tales como una excelente dispersión, la capacidad de flujo de alta, baja densidad, y propiedades de aislamiento térmico superiores 1, 2, 3, 4. Debido a su estructura hueca, HGM tiene una conductividad térmica extremadamente baja 10, 11. Por estas razones, se aplican en muchas áreas, incluyendo la ingeniería aeroespacial 5, la exploración de aguas profundas 6, 7, el almacenamiento de hidrógeno 8, 9, etc. Sin embargo, todavía demuestran algunas desventajas, tales como baja resistencia. Además, la luz IR es capaz de transmitir a través de HGM y calentar el sujeto atrás. para elloe, modificaciones de la superficie en HGM son esenciales para reducir la transferencia térmica por radiación. Un método eficaz consiste en recubrir un material de IR de bloqueo sobre la superficie HGM. Como un semiconductor, TiO 2 se ha utilizado en muchas áreas, tales como foto-catálisis 12, 13, el desarrollo de células solares, la fabricación de sensor 14, aplicaciones medioambientales 15, y de almacenamiento de energía 16. Además, también muestra de baja emisividad a la luz visible y banda infrarroja 17, 18, 19. Por lo tanto, para nuestros propósitos, TiO2 era una selección prudente debido a su precio relativamente bajo y alto rendimiento. Sin embargo, el recubrimiento es muy fácil para los contaminantes que ensucian, lo que afecta gravemente a la reflectividad de TiO2. La reflectividad debe reducir gradualmente. Por lo tanto, a self-limpieza es esencial recubrimiento para evitar que el revestimiento de las incrustaciones y para prolongar el tiempo de trabajo de un revestimiento tal. En este manuscrito, se utilizó un método suave-química para desarrollar superhidrofóbica TiO 2 recubierta HGM. Titanato de tetrabutilo (TBT) y 1H, 1H, 2H, 2H-perfluorooctiltrietoxisilano (PFOTES) fueron seleccionados como la fuente de Ti y el agente superhidrofóbica, respectivamente. Ellos fueron hidrolizadas y se depositan sobre la superficie HGM. Luego, después del proceso hidrotérmico, la anatasa TiO 2 formada en la superficie HGM, y las propiedades superhidrófobas mantuvo. Para la comparación, PFOTES HGM de un solo revestido (F-SCHGM) y TiO 2 HGM de un solo recubierto (Ti-SCHGM) se sintetizaron también. El esquema de síntesis se muestra en la Figura 1.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="471">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;width:207px;">HGM</td>
			<td style="width:88px;">Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science</td>
			<td style="width:88px;">N/A</td>
			<td style="width:88px;">N/A</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;">TBT</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>CAS#: 5593-70-4</td>
			<td>Analytical grade</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;">Ethyl Alcohol</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>CAS#: 64-17-5</td>
			<td>Analytical grade</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;">PFOTES</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>CAS#: 51851-37-7</td>
			<td align="right">98%</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

tio2-coated hollow glass microspheres with superhydrophobic and high ir-reflective properties synthesized by a soft-chemistry method

Este manuscrito propone un método suave-química para desarrollar microesferas de vidrio huecas superhidrófobas y altamente IR-reflectantes (HGM). La anatasa TiO 2 y un agente superhidrofóbica se recubrieron sobre la superficie HGM en un solo paso. OTC y PFOTES fueron seleccionados como la fuente de Ti y el agente superhidrofóbica, respectivamente. Ambos fueron recubiertos en la HGM, y después del proceso hidrotérmico, la OTC se volvieron a anatasa TiO 2. De esta manera, un PFOTES / TiO2 recubiertas HGM (MCHGM) se preparó. Para la comparación, PFOTES HGM de un solo revestido (F-SCHGM) y TiO 2 HGM de un solo recubierto (Ti-SCHGM) se sintetizaron también. Los PFOTES y TiO 2 revestimientos sobre la superficie HGM se demostraron mediante difracción de rayos X (XRD), microscopía electrónica de barrido (SEM), y caracterizaciones detector de dispersión de energía (EDS). El MCHGM mostró un mayor ángulo de contacto (153 °), pero un ángulo de deslizamiento inferior (16 °) de F-SCHGM, con un ángulo de contacto de 141,26; y un ángulo de 67 ° de deslizamiento. Además, tanto Ti-SCHGM y MCHGM muestran valores de reflectividad IR similares, que eran aproximadamente 5.8% más alto que el HGM original y F-SCHGM. Además, el recubrimiento PFOTES apenas cambió la conductividad térmica. Por lo tanto, F-SCHGM, con una conductividad térmica de 0,0479 W / (m · K), era bastante como la HGM original, que era 0,0475 W / (m · K). MCHGM y Ti-SCHGM también fueron similares. Sus valores de conductividad térmica eran 0,0543 W / (m · K) y 0,0543 W / (m · K), respectivamente. El recubrimiento de TiO 2 aumentó ligeramente la conductividad térmica, pero con el aumento de la reflectividad, se mejoró la propiedad global-aislamiento térmico. Por último, ya que la propiedad reflectante de IR es proporcionada por el revestimiento HGM, si es objeto de falta el recubrimiento, la reflectividad disminuye. Por lo tanto, con el recubrimiento superhidrófobo, la superficie está protegido de ensuciamiento, y su tiempo de vida también se prolonga.

Las pruebas en el paso 4.4 revelan muchas características y propiedades de las muestras. El XRD (Figura 2) refleja la formación de anatasa TiO 2. El SEM (Figura 3) y EDS (Figura 4) muestran el TiO 2 y PFOTES que se recubre sobre la superficie HGM. El ángulo de contacto (Figura 5) y el ángulo de deslizamiento (figura 6) pruebas representan la superhydrophobicity. La prueba de tra...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about TiO2-coated Hollow Glass Microspheres with Superhydrophobic and High IR-reflective Properties Synthesized by a Soft-chemistry Method at JoVE.com

TiO2-coated Hollow Glass Microspheres with Superhydrophobic and High IR-reflective Properties Synthesized by a Soft-chemistry Method

This manuscript proposes a soft-chemistry method to synthesize superhydrophobic, TiO2-coated hollow glass microspheres (HGM) with high IR-reflective properties.

TiO<sub&gt; 2</sub&gt; Recubiertas con microesferas de vidrio huecas con propiedades superhidrófobas y alta IR-reflectantes sintetizado por un método de química suave

This manuscript proposes a soft-chemistry method to develop superhydrophobic and highly IR-reflective hollow glass microspheres (HGM). The anatase TiO2 ...

tio2-coated-hollow-glass-microspheres-with-superhydrophobic-high-ir

Research

JoVE Journal

Chemistry

TiO2-coated Hollow Glass Microspheres with Superhydrophobic and High IR-reflective Properties Synthesized by a Soft-chemistry Method

10.0K vistas.  City University of Hong Kong. This manuscript proposes a soft-chemistry method to synthesize superhydrophobic, TiO2-coated hollow glass microspheres (HGM) with high IR-reflective properties.

Video: TiO2-coated Hollow Glass Microspheres with Superhydrophobic and High IR-reflective Properties Synthesized by a Soft-chemistry Method

Sulfate Separation by Selective Crystallization with a Bis-iminoguanidinium Ligand

A simple and effective method for selective sulfate separation from aqueous solutions by crystallization with a bis-guanidinium ligand, 1,4-benzene-bis(iminoguanidinium) (BBIG), is demonstrated. The ligand is synthesized as the chloride salt (BBIG-Cl) by in situ imine condensation of terephthalaldehyde with aminoguanidinium chloride in water, followed by crystallization as the sulfate salt (BBIG-SO4). Alternatively, BBIG-Cl is synthesized ex situ in larger scale from ethanol. The sulfate separation ability of the BBIG ligand is demonstrated by selective and quantitative crystallization of sulfate from seawater. The ligand can be recycled by neutralization of BBIG-SO4 with aqueous NaOH and crystallization of the neutral bis-iminoguanidine, which can be converted back into BBIG-Cl with aqueous HCl and reused in another separation cycle. Finally, 35S-labeled sulfate and &#946; liquid scintillation counting are employed for monitoring the sulfate concentration in solution. Overall, this protocol will instruct the user in the necessary skills to synthesize a ligand, employ it in the selective crystallization of sulfate from aqueous solutions, and quantify the separation efficiency.

A protocol for in situ aqueous synthesis of a bis(iminoguanidinium) ligand and its utilization in selective separation of sulfate is presented.

La separación por cristalización selectiva sulfato con un ligando bis-iminoguanidinium

A simple and effective method for selective sulfate separation from aqueous solutions by crystallization with a bis-guanidinium ligand, ...

Investigación

Química

Synthesis and Characterization of Fe-doped Aluminosilicate Nanotubes with Enhanced Electron Conductive Properties

The goal of the protocol is to synthesize Fe-doped aluminosilicate nanotubes of the imogolite type with the formula (OH)3Al2-xFexO3SiOH. Doping with Fe aims at lowering the band gap of imogolite, an insulator with the chemical formula (OH)3Al2O3SiOH, and at modifying its adsorption properties towards azo-dyes, an important class of organic pollutants of both wastewater and groundwater.
Fe-doped nanotubes are obtained in two ways: by direct synthesis, where FeCl3 is added to an aqueous mixture of the Si and Al precursors, and by post-synthesis loading, where preformed nanotubes are put in contact with a FeCl3&#8226;6H2O aqueous solution. In both synthesis methods, isomorphic substitution of Al3+ by Fe3+ occurs, preserving the nanotube structure. Isomorphic substitution is indeed limited to a mass fraction of ~1.0% Fe, since at a higher Fe content (i.e., a mass fraction of 1.4% Fe), Fe2O3 clusters form, especially when the loading procedure is adopted. The physicochemical properties of the materials are studied by means of X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), N2 sorption isotherms at -196 &#176;C, high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), diffuse reflectance (DR) UV-Vis spectroscopy, and &#950;-potential measurements. The most relevant result is the possibility to replace Al3+ ions (located on the outer surface of the nanotubes) by post-synthesis loading on preformed imogolite without perturbing the delicate hydrolysis equilibria occurring during nanotube formation. During the loading procedure, an anionic exchange occurs, where Al3+ ions on the outer surface of the nanotubes are replaced by Fe3+ ions. In Fe-doped aluminosilicate nanotubes, isomorphic substitution of Al3+ by Fe3+ is found to affect the band gap of doped imogolite. Nonetheless, Fe3+ sites on the outer surface of nanotubes are able to coordinate organic moieties, like the azo-dye Acid Orange 7, through a ligand-displacement mechanism occurring in an aqueous solution.

Here, we present a protocol to synthesize and characterize Fe-doped aluminosilicate nanotubes. The materials are obtained by either sol-gel synthesis upon addition of FeCl3&#8226;6H2O to the mixture containing the Si and Al precursors or by post-synthesis ionic exchange of preformed aluminosilicate nanotubes.

Síntesis y caracterización de dopado con Fe aluminosilicato nanotubos con propiedades conductoras mejoradas Electron

The goal of the protocol is to synthesize Fe-doped aluminosilicate nanotubes of the imogolite type with the formula (OH)3Al2-xFexO3SiOH. Doping with Fe ...

A Straightforward Method for Glucosinolate Extraction and Analysis with High-pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)

Glucosinolates are a well-studied and highly diverse class of natural plant compounds. They play important roles in plant resistance, rapeseed oil quality, food flavoring, and human health. The biological activity of glucosinolates is released upon tissue damage, when they are mixed with the enzyme myrosinase. This results in the formation of pungent and toxic breakdown products, such as isothiocyanates and nitriles. Currently, more than 130 structurally different glucosinolates have been identified. The chemical structure of the glucosinolate is an important determinant of the product that is formed, which in turn determines its biological activity. The latter may range from detrimental (e.g., progoitrin) to beneficial (e.g., glucoraphanin). Each glucosinolate-containing plant species has its own specific glucosinolate profile. For this reason, it is important to correctly identify and reliably quantify the different glucosinolates present in brassicaceous leaf, seed, and root crops or, for ecological studies, in their wild relatives. Here, we present a well-validated, targeted, and robust method to analyze glucosinolate profiles in a wide range of plant species and plant organs. Intact glucosinolates are extracted from ground plant materials with a methanol-water mixture at high temperatures to disable myrosinase activity. Thereafter, the resulting extract is brought onto an ion-exchange column for purification. After sulfatase treatment, the desulfoglucosinolates are eluted with water and the eluate is freeze-dried. The residue is taken up in an exact volume of water, which is analyzed by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a photodiode array (PDA) or ultraviolet (UV) detector. Detection and quantification are achieved by conducting comparisons of the retention times and UV spectra of commercial reference standards. The concentrations are calculated based on a sinigrin reference curve and well-established response factors. The advantages and disadvantages of this straightforward method, when compared to faster and more technologically advanced methods, are discussed here.

A Straightforward Method for Glucosinolate Extraction and Analysis with High-pressure Liquid Chromatography HPLC

Here, we describe in great detail an established and robust protocol for the extraction of glucosinolates from ground plant materials. After an on-column sulfatase treatment of the extracts, the desulfoglucosinolates are eluted and analyzed by high-pressure liquid chromatography.

Un método sencillo para glucosinolatos Extracción y análisis de alta presión con cromatografía líquida (HPLC)

Glucosinolates are a well-studied and highly diverse class of natural plant compounds. They play important roles in plant resistance, rapeseed oil ...

A Convenient Method for Extraction and Analysis with High-Pressure Liquid Chromatography of Catecholamine Neurotransmitters and Their Metabolites

The extraction and analysis of catecholamine neurotransmitters in biological fluids is of great importance in assessing nervous system function and related diseases, but their precise measurement is still a challenge. Many protocols have been described for neurotransmitter measurement by a variety of instruments, including high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). However, there are shortcomings, such as complicated operation or hard-to-detect multiple targets, which cannot be avoided, and presently, the dominant analysis technique is still HPLC coupled with sensitive electrochemical or fluorimetric detection, due to its high sensitivity and good selectivity. Here, a detailed protocol is described for the pretreatment and detection of catecholamines with high pressure liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection (HPLC-ECD) in real urine samples of infants, using electrospun composite nanofibers composed of polymeric crown ether with polystyrene as adsorbent, also known as the packed-fiber solid phase extraction (PFSPE) method. We show how urine samples can be easily precleaned by a nanofiber-packed solid phase column, and how the analytes in the sample can be rapidly enriched, desorbed, and detected on an ECD system. PFSPE greatly simplifies the pretreatment procedures for biological samples, allowing for decreased time, expense, and reduction of the loss of targets. 
Overall, this work illustrates a simple and convenient protocol for solid-phase extraction coupled to an HPLC-ECD system for simultaneous determination of three monoamine neurotransmitters (norepinephrine (NE), epinephrine (E), dopamine (DA)) and two of their metabolites (3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG) and 3,4-dihydroxy-phenylacetic acid (DOPAC)) in infants' urine. The established protocol was applied to assess the differences of urinary catecholamines and their metabolites between high-risk infants with perinatal brain damage and healthy controls. Comparative analysis revealed a significant difference in urinary MHPG between the two groups, indicating that the catecholamine metabolites may be an important candidate marker for early diagnosis of cases at risk for brain damage in infants.

We present a convenient solid-phase extraction coupled to high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detection (ECD) for simultaneous determination of three monoamine neurotransmitters and two of their metabolites in infants' urine. We also identify the metabolite MHPG as a potential biomarker for the early diagnosis of brain damage for infants.

Un método conveniente para la extracción y análisis con cromatografía líquida de alta presión de los neurotransmisores catecolaminas y sus metabolitos

The extraction and analysis of catecholamine neurotransmitters in biological fluids is of great importance in assessing nervous system function and ...

Preparation of Hollow Polystyrene Particles and Microcapsules by Radical Polymerization of Janus Droplets Consisting of Hydrocarbon and Fluorocarbon Oils

In this article, we have demonstrated a method for producing hollow particles and microcapsules using oil droplets consisting of hydrocarbon oil (styrene) and fluorocarbon oil (perfluoro-n-octane, PFO) in aqueous surfactant (sodium dodecylsulfate, SDS) solutions. Since fluorocarbon oils are immiscible with hydrocarbon oils, the two oils are separated. Emulsions are prepared by stirring styrene/PFO/aqueous SDS solution mixtures at 80 &#176;C. The type of emulsions and the morphology of droplets in the emulsions are observed by light microscope and scanning confocal fluorescence microscope. It is found that oil droplets with Janus-type morphologies consisting of mutually immiscible styrene and PFO are formed in aqueous SDS solutions. Polystyrene particles are fabricated by radical polymerization of the ternary mixtures of styrene/PFO/aqueous SDS solution at 80 &#176;C. The morphologies of the polystyrene are confirmed by scanning electron microscopy and scanning transmission electron microscopy observations. These observations show the preparation of hollow polystyrene particles with a single hole on the surface. To our knowledge, this method is a novel strategy using the immiscibility of hydrocarbon and fluorocarbon oils. The hollow particles can also be applied to the preparation of microcapsules.

A protocol for the fabrication of hollow polymer particles and microcapsules by radical polymerization using emulsions consisting of styrene, perfluoro-n-octane, and aqueous SDS (sodium dodecylsulfate) solution is presented.

Preparación de partículas de poliestireno hueco y microcápsulas por polimerización Radical de Janus gotas de hidrocarburos y aceites de fluorocarbono

In this article, we have demonstrated a method for producing hollow particles and microcapsules using oil droplets consisting of hydrocarbon oil (styrene) ...

Chemical Precipitation Method for the Synthesis of Nb2O5 Modified Bulk Nickel Catalysts with High Specific Surface Area

We demonstrate a method for the synthesis of NixNb1-xO catalysts with sponge-like and fold-like nanostructures. By varying the Nb:Ni ratio, a series of NixNb1-xO nanoparticles with different atomic compositions (x = 0.03, 0.08, 0.15, and 0.20) have been prepared by chemical precipitation. These NixNb1-xO catalysts are characterized by X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The study revealed the sponge-like and fold-like appearance of Ni0.97Nb0.03O and Ni0.92Nb0.08O on the NiO surface, and the larger surface area of these NixNb1-xO catalysts, compared with the bulk NiO. Maximum surface area of 173 m2/g can be obtained for Ni0.92Nb0.08O catalysts. In addition, the catalytic hydroconversion of lignin-derived compounds using the synthesized Ni0.92Nb0.08O catalysts have been investigated.

Chemical Precipitation Method for the Synthesis of Nb2O5 Modified Bulk Nickel Catalysts with High Specific Surface Area

A protocol for the synthesis of sponge-like and fold-like Ni1-xNbxO nanoparticles by chemical precipitation is presented.

Método de precipitación química para la síntesis de Nb2O5 modificado a granel catalizadores de níquel con alta superficie específica

We demonstrate a method for the synthesis of NixNb1-xO catalysts with sponge-like and fold-like nanostructures. By varying the Nb:Ni ratio, a series of ...

Disentangling High Strength Copolymer Aramid Fibers to Enable the Determination of Their Mechanical Properties

Traditionally, soft body armor has been made from poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) (PPTA) and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene. However, to diversify the fiber choices in the United States body armor market, copolymer fibers based on the combination of 5-amino-2-(p-aminophenyl) benzimidazole (PBIA) and the more conventional PPTA were introduced. Little is known regarding the long-term stability of these fibers, but as condensation polymers, they are expected to have potential sensitivity to moisture and humidity. Therefore, characterizing the strength of the materials and understanding their vulnerability to environmental conditions is important for evaluating their use lifetime in safety applications. Ballistic resistance and other critical structural properties of these fibers are predicated on their strength. To accurately determine the strength of the individual fibers, it is necessary to disentangle them from the yarn without introducing any damage. Three aramid-based copolymer fibers were selected for the study. The fibers were washed with acetone followed by methanol to remove an organic coating that held the individual fibers in each yarn bundle together. This coating makes it difficult to separate single fibers from the yarn bundle for mechanical testing without damaging the fibers and affecting their strength. After washing, fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was performed on both washed and unwashed samples and the results were compared. This experiment has shown that there are no significant variations in the spectra of poly(p-phenylene-benzimidazole-terephthalamide-co-p-phenylene terephthalamide) (PBIA-co-PPTA1) and PBIA-co-PPTA3 after washing, and only a small variation in intensity for PBIA. This indicates that the acetone and methanol rinses are not adversely affecting the fibers and causing chemical degradation. Additionally, single fiber tensile testing was performed on the washed fibers to characterize their initial tensile strength and strain to failure, and compare those to other reported values. Iterative procedural development was necessary to find a successful method for performing tensile testing on these fibers.

The primary goal of the study is to develop a protocol to prepare consistent specimens for accurate mechanical testing of high strength copolymer aramid fibers, by removing a coating and disentangling the individual fiber strands without introducing significant chemical or physical degradation.

Desenredar las fibras de aramida de copolímero de alta resistencia para permitir la determinación de sus propiedades mecánicas

Traditionally, soft body armor has been made from poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) (PPTA) and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene. However, to ...

Surface Properties of Synthesized Nanoporous Carbon and Silica Matrices

In this work, we report the synthesis and characterization of ordered nanoporous carbon material (also called ordered mesoporous carbon material [OMC]) with a 4.6 nm pore size, and ordered silica porous matrix, SBA-15, with a 5.3 nm pore size. This work describes the surface properties of nanoporous molecular sieves, their wettability, and the melting behavior of D2O confined in the differently ordered porous materials with similar pore sizes. For this purpose, OMC and SBA-15 with highly ordered nanoporous structures are synthesized via impregnation of the silica matrix by applying a carbon precursor and by the sol-gel method, respectively. The porous structure of investigated systems is characterized by an N2 adsorption-desorption analysis at 77 K. To determine the electrochemical character of the surface of synthesized materials, potentiometric titration measurements are conducted; the obtained results for OMC shows a significant pHpzc shift toward the higher values of pH, relative to SBA-15. This suggests that investigated OMC has surface properties related to oxygen-based functional groups. To describe the surface properties of the materials, the contact angles of liquids penetrating the studied porous beds are also determined. The capillary rise method has confirmed the increased wettability of the silica walls relative to the carbon walls and an influence of the pore roughness on the fluid/wall interactions, which is much more pronounced for silica than for carbon mesopores. We have also studied the melting behavior of D2O confined in OMC and SBA-15 by applying the dielectric method. The results show that the depression of the melting temperature of D2O in the pores of OMC is about 15 K higher relative to the depression of the melting temperature in SBA-15 pores with a comparable 5 nm size. This is caused by the influence of adsorbate/adsorbent interactions of the studied matrices.

Here we report the synthesis and characterization of ordered nanoporous carbon (with a 4.6 nm pore size) and SBA-15 (with a 5.3 nm pore size). The work describes the surface and textural properties of nanoporous molecular sieves, their wettability, and the melting behavior of D2O confined in the materials.

Propiedades de superficie de carbono nanoporosos sintetizada y Matrices de sílice

In this work, we report the synthesis and characterization of ordered nanoporous carbon material (also called ordered mesoporous carbon material [OMC]) ...

Extraction of Lignin with High &#946;-O-4 Content by Mild Ethanol Extraction and Its Effect on the Depolymerization Yield

Lignin valorization strategies are a key factor for achieving more economically competitive biorefineries based on lignocellulosic biomass. Most of the emerging elegant procedures to obtain specific aromatic products rely on the lignin substrate having a high content of the readily cleavable &#946;-O-4 linkage as present in the native lignin structure. This provides a miss-match with typical technical lignins that are highly degraded and therefore are low in &#946;-O-4 linkages. Therefore, the extraction yields, and the quality of the obtained lignin are of utmost importance to access new lignin valorization pathways. In this manuscript, a simple protocol is presented to obtain lignins with high &#946;-O-4 content by relatively mild ethanol extraction that can be applied to different lignocellulose sources. Furthermore, analysis procedures to determine the quality of the lignins are presented together with a depolymerization protocol that yields specific phenolic 2-arylmethyl-1,3-dioxolanes, which can be used to evaluate the obtained lignins. The presented results demonstrate the link between lignin quality and potential for the lignins to be depolymerized into specific monomeric aromatic chemicals. Overall, the extraction and depolymerization demonstrates a trade-off between the lignin extraction yield and the retention of the native aryl-ether structure and thus the potential of the lignin to be used as the substrate for the production of chemicals for higher-value applications.

Here, we present a protocol to perform ethanol extraction of lignin from several biomass sources. The effect of the extraction conditions on the lignin yield and &#946;-O-4 content are presented. Selective depolymerization is performed on the obtained lignins to obtain high aromatic monomer products.

Extracción de la lignina con alto contenido de β-O-4 por la extracción de etanol suave y su efecto sobre el rendimiento de despolimerización

Lignin valorization strategies are a key factor for achieving more economically competitive biorefineries based on lignocellulosic biomass. Most of the ...

A Rhodopsin Transport Assay by High-Content Imaging Analysis

Rhodopsin misfolding mutations lead to rod photoreceptor death that is manifested as autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa (RP), a progressive blinding disease that lacks effective treatment. We hypothesize that the cytotoxicity of the misfolded rhodopsin mutant can be alleviated by pharmacologically stabilizing the mutant rhodopsin protein. The P23H mutation, among the other Class II rhodopsin mutations, encodes a structurally unstable rhodopsin mutant protein that is accumulated in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), whereas the wild type rhodopsin is transported to the plasma membrane in mammalian cells. We previously performed a luminescence-based high-throughput screen (HTS) and identified a group of pharmacological chaperones that rescued the transport of the P23H rhodopsin from ER to the plasma membrane. Here, using an immunostaining method followed by a high-content imaging analysis, we quantified the mutant rhodopsin protein amount in the whole cell and on the plasma membrane. This method is informative and effective to identify true hits from false positives following HTS. Additionally, the high-content image analysis enabled us to quantify multiple parameters from a single experiment to evaluate the pharmacological properties of each compound. Using this assay, we analyzed the effect of 11 different compounds towards six RP associated rhodopsin mutants, obtaining a 2-D pharmacological profile for a quantitative and qualitative understanding about the structural stability of these rhodopsin mutants and efficacy of different compounds towards these mutants.

Here, we described a high-content imaging method to quantify the transport of rhodopsin mutants associated with retinitis pigmentosa. A multiple-wavelength scoring analysis was used to quantify rhodopsin protein on the cell surface or in the whole cell.

Un análisis de transporte de la rodopsina por análisis de la proyección de imagen de alto contenido

Rhodopsin misfolding mutations lead to rod photoreceptor death that is manifested as autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa (RP), a progressive blinding ...