Estudios en humanos con células madre embrionarias en el laboratorio Teitell el apoyo de un Instituto de Medicina Regenerativa de California (CIRM), las semillas de subvención RS1-00313. Agradecemos a los miembros del Centro de Medicina Regenerativa de amplias e Investigación de Células Madre de la UCLA, en especial el Dr. Amander Clark, el doctor Jerome Zack, y los miembros del Fondo para el UCLA amplio núcleo de célula madre Instituto por el apoyo de nuestros estudios.

Dividir las células madre embrionarias humanas (hESCs) chapada en fibroblastos embrionarios de ratón (MEFs) Por lo general, una placa de células madre confluentes se puede dividir 01:06-1:10, dependiendo de la línea de células madre en particular. La placa de división, confluyen de nuevo 5-7 días después de partir. <ol><li> Dos días antes de partir, gelatinizar las placas con una solución de gelatina al 0,1%. Para una placa de 6 pocillos, agregar 2 ml en cada pocillo de la placa y se incuba en un 37 ° C, 5% de CO 2 incubadora de cultivo de tejido durante la noche. </li><li> Placa MEFs en gelatinizado placas de 6 pocillos el día antes de planificar sobre la división del hESCs. (NOTA: MEFs se puede platear hasta 3 días antes, si es necesario después de ~ 3 días, MEFs se vuelven más planos y más dispersa y no se puede sostener hESCs así como más fresco MEFs puede..) Tome un frasco de g-irradiados o mitomicina C tratados CF1 MEFs, que contiene 6.5 x 10 6 células, a partir de nitrógeno líquido y descongelación durante 2 minutos en un baño de agua a 37 ° C. Lave las células una vez con los medios de comunicación cálida MEF Cultura en un tubo de 50 ml de halcón y resuspender en el volumen final de calentar el medio de MEF Cultura. En 5.6 x 10 6 células, esto es suficiente para la placa de dos o tres placas de 6 pocillos. </li><li> Mientras que el MEFs se están lavando, sacar las placas gelatinizada, eliminar toda la solución de los pozos y añadir 2,5 ml de medios de cultivo MEF por pozo. </li><li> Añadir 0,5 ml de suspensión por el MEF, así como para lograr 3 ml un volumen final en cada pocillo. Asegúrese de que MEFs son distribuidas uniformemente y coloque los platos de nuevo en la noche a la mañana para resolver la incubadora. </li><li> El día de la división de células madre, preparar dulce o uso &lt;2 semanas de edad estéril solución de colagenasa IV a 1mg/ml. Quite todos los medios de comunicación de los pozos de células madre que desea dividir, lavar una vez con 2 ml por pocillo de agua tibia 1 × PBS, pH 7,4, y añadir 1 ml de solución de colagenasa IV. Se incuba a 37 ° C durante 5-10 minutos. Tome la placa de células madre 6-y fuera de la incubadora y añadir 1 ml de ES medios de comunicación (sin bFGF) a cada pocillo. Usando la solución en cada pozo, con una pipeta de 1 ml aspirar los medios de comunicación y de golpe las células madre fuera de la placa. Para cada bien esta será de unos 5 a 10 repeticiones. Entonces, la transferencia de la hESCs suspendido en un tubo de 50 ml de halcón. Hacer esto para todos los pozos que se divide y se combinan en un tubo Falcon de 50ml. Se precipitan los hESCs a temperatura ambiente a 200 g por 5 min y lavar una vez con los medios de comunicación carecen ES bFGF. </li><li> Mientras que el hESCs se están lavando, sacar las placas MEF, quite todos los medios de comunicación de los pocillos y lavar una vez con agua estéril, tibia 1 × PBS, pH 7,4, a continuación, añadir 2,5 ml de ES medios de comunicación (ahora complementado con 10 ng / ml bFGF) por así. </li><li> Resuspender el hESCs granulado en un volumen adecuado de los medios de ES, complementado con 10ng/ml bFGF. (NOTA:.. Cuando el hESCs se resuspenden, deben ser de tamaño de las colonias más o menos uniforme y la forma, el volumen de resuspensión depende de la relación de división) con cuidado la pipeta la suspensión células madre hacia arriba y abajo varias veces para que las colonias más pequeñas y más uniformes, pero no tanto que las células individuales o colonias muy pequeñas se generan. Añadir 0,5 ml de suspensión de células madre por así a las placas MEF para lograr 3 ml en un volumen final en cada pocillo. Compruebe visualmente para asegurarse de que la hESCs se distribuyen uniformemente antes de colocar las placas de nuevo en la incubadora durante la noche a un acuerdo. Después de la siembra, por lo general se toman unos días de colonias a tomar su forma característica y apariencia de los bordes. </li></ol>

<ol>
	<li>Thomson, J. a. m. e. s. A., Itskovitz-Eldor, J. o. s. e. p. h., Shapiro, S. a. n. d. e. r. S., Waknitz, M. i. c. h. e. l. l. e. A., Swiergiel, J. e. n. n. i. f. e. r. J., Marshall, V. i. v. i. e. n. n. e. S., Jones, J. e. f. f. r. e. y. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Embryonic+Stem+Cell+Lines+Derived+from+Human+Blastocysts.">Embryonic Stem Cell Lines Derived from Human Blastocysts.</a> Science . 282, 1145-1147 (1998).</li><li>Xu, C. h. u. n. h. u. i., Inokuma, M. a. r. g. a. r. e. t. S., Denham, J. e. r. r. o. d., Golds, K. a. t. h. a. l. e. e. n., Kundu, P. r. a. t. i. m. a., Gold, J. o. s. e. p. h. D., Carpenter, M. e. l. i. s. s. a. K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Feeder-free+growth+of+undifferentiated+human+embryonic+stem+cells.">Feeder-free growth of undifferentiated human embryonic stem cells.</a> Nature Biotechnology . 19, 971-974 (2001).</li></ol>

Este video muestra la forma de crecer células madre embrionarias humanas (hESCs) en células embrionarias de ratón fibroblastos de alimentación (MEF). En el último paso antes de chapado, cuando la hESCs se resuspenden, deben ser de tamaño de las colonias más o menos uniforme y forma. Pipeta cuidadosamente la suspensión de células madre hacia arriba y abajo varias veces para que las colonias más pequeñas y más uniforme, pero no tanto que las células individuales o colonias muy pequeñas manchas generated.Immunofluorescence y cito...

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from mefs to matrigel i: passaging hescs in the presence of mefs

Este video muestra la forma de crecer células madre embrionarias humanas (hESCs) en células embrionarias de ratón fibroblastos de alimentación (MEF).

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about From MEFs to Matrigel I: Passaging hESCs in the Presence of MEFs at JoVE.com

From MEFs to Matrigel I: Passaging hESCs in the Presence of MEFs

Desde que me MEFs Matrigel: hESCs pases en la presencia de MEFs

This video demonstrates how to grow human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) on mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) feeder cells.
...

from-mefs-to-matrigel-i-passaging-hescs-in-the-presence-of-mefs

Research

JoVE Journal

Biology

12.6K vistas.  University of California, Los Angeles. Este video muestra la forma de crecer células madre embrionarias humanas (hESCs) en células embrionarias de ratón fibroblastos de alimentación (MEF).

Video: From MEFs to Matrigel I: Passaging hESCs in the Presence of MEFs

Passaging Human Neural Stem Cells

The ability to manipulate human neural stem/precursor cells (hNSPCs) in vitro provides a means to investigate their utility as cell transplants for therapeutic purposes as well as to explore many fundamental processes of human neural development and pathology.  This protocol presents a simple method of culturing and passaging hNSPCs in hopes of standardizing this technique and increasing reproducibility of human stem cell research.  The hNSPCs we use were isolated from cadaveric postnatal brain cortices by the National Human Neural Stem Cell Resource and grown as adherent cultures on flasks coated with fibronectin (Palmer et al., 2001; Schwartz et al., 2003).  We culture our hNSPCs in a DMEM:F12 serum-free media supplemented with EGF, FGF, and PDGF and passage them 1:2 approximately every seven days.  Using these conditions, the majority of the cells in the culture maintain a bipolar morphology and express markers of undifferentiated neural stem cells (such as nestin and sox2).

The ability to manipulate human neural stem/precursor cells (hNSPCs) in vitro allows to investigate their utility as cell transplants for therapeutic purposes and to explore human neural development. This protocol presents a method of culturing and passaging hNSPCs in hopes of increasing reproducibility of human stem cell research.

Pases células madre neurales humanas

The ability to manipulate human neural stem/precursor cells (hNSPCs) in vitro provides a means to investigate their utility as cell transplants for ...

Investigación

Biología

Labeling hESCs and hMSCs with Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Non-Invasive in vivo Tracking with MR Imaging

In recent years, stem cell research has led to a better understanding of developmental biology, various diseases and its potential impact on regenerative medicine. A non-invasive method to monitor the transplanted stem cells repeatedly in vivo would greatly enhance our ability to understand the mechanisms that control stem cell death and identify trophic factors and signaling pathways that improve stem cell engraftment. MR imaging has been proven to be an effective tool for the in vivo depiction of stem cells with near microscopic anatomical resolution. In order to detect stem cells with MR, the cells have to be labeled with cell specific MR contrast agents. For this purpose, iron oxide nanoparticles, such as superparamagnetic iron oxide particles (SPIO), are applied, because of their high sensitivity for cell detection and their excellent biocompatibility. SPIO particles are composed of an iron oxide core and a dextran, carboxydextran or starch coat, and function by creating local field inhomogeneities, that cause a decreased signal on T2-weighted MR images. This presentation will demonstrate techniques for labeling of stem cells with clinically applicable MR contrast agents for subsequent non-invasive in vivo tracking of the labeled cells with MR imaging.

For the evaluation of new stem cell therapies it is important to non-invasively track the injected cells in vivo. This video will show you how to label human mesenchymal and embryonic stem cells with iron oxide based contrast agents in vivo for subsequent MR imaging in vivo.

Etiquetado y hESCs hMSCs con nanopartículas de óxido de hierro para no invasivo en el seguimiento in vivo mediante RM

In recent years, stem cell research has led to a better understanding of developmental biology, various diseases and its potential impact on regenerative ...

Generating iPS Cells from MEFS through Forced Expression of Sox-2, Oct-4, c-Myc, and Klf4

Pluripotency can be induced in differentiated murine by viral transduction of Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (Takahashi and Yamanaka, 2006; Wernig, et al., 2007; Okita, et al., 2007; Maherali, et al., 2007). We have devised a reprogramming strategy in which these four transcription factors are expressed from doxycycline (dox)-inducible lentiviral vectors (Brambrink et al., 2008). Using these inducible constructs, we can derive induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells from mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). In this video, we demonstrate the procedure for the generation of inducible lentiviruses that express the four transcription factors and show how to infect MEFs with these viruses in order to produce iPS cells. By using inducible lentiviruses, the expression of the four factors in controlled by the addition of doxycyline to the culture medium. The advantage of this system over the traditional retroviral infection is the ability to turn the genes on and off so that the kinetics of reprogramming and gene expression requirements can be analyzed in detail.

This video shows the procedure for generating induced pluripotent stem cells using inducible lentivirus that express Oct4, Sox2, c-Myc and Klf4.

La generación de células iPS a partir de MEFs través de la expresión forzada de Sox-2, Oct-4, c-Myc y Klf4

Pluripotency can be induced in differentiated murine by viral transduction of Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (Takahashi and Yamanaka, 2006;  Wernig, et al., ...

From MEFs to Matrigel 2: Splitting hESCs from MEFs onto Matrigel

This video demonstrates how to grow human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) on mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) feeder cells, how to passage hESCs from MEF plates to feeder cell-free Matrigel plates.


This video demonstrates how to maintain the growth of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) in feeder cell-free conditions and how to continuously passage hESCs in feeder cell-free conditions. Confirmation of hESC pluripotency grown in feeder cell-free conditions by immunofluorescence microscopy is also demonstrated. Part 2 of 3.

Desde MEFs a Matrigel 2: La división de hESCs MEFs en Matrigel

This video demonstrates how to grow human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) on mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) feeder cells, how to passage hESCs from MEF ...

From MEFs to Matrigel 3: Passaging hESCs from Matrigel onto Matrigel

This video demonstrates how to maintain the growth of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) in feeder cell-free conditions and how to continuously passage hESCs in feeder cell-free conditions. Confirmation of hESC pluripotency grown in feeder cell-free conditions by immunofluorescence microscopy is also demonstrated.

This video demonstrates how to maintain the growth of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) in feeder cell-free conditions and how to continuously passage hESCs in feeder cell-free conditions. Confirmation of hESC pluripotency grown in feeder cell-free conditions by immunofluorescence microscopy is also demonstrated. Part 3 of 3.

Desde MEFs a Matrigel 3: hESCs pases de Matrigel en Matrigel

This video demonstrates how to maintain the growth of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) in feeder cell-free conditions and how to continuously passage ...

A Matrigel-Based Tube Formation Assay to Assess the Vasculogenic Activity of Tumor Cells

Over the past several decades, a tube formation assay using growth factor-reduced Matrigel has been typically employed to demonstrate the angiogenic activity of vascular endothelial cells in vitro1-5. However, recently growing evidence has shown that this assay is not limited to test vascular behavior for endothelial cells. Instead, it also has been used to test the ability of a number of tumor cells to develop a vascular phenotype6-8. This capability was consistent with their vasculogenic behavior identified in xenotransplanted animals, a process known as vasculogenic mimicry (VM)9. There is a multitude of evidence demonstrating that tumor cell-mediated VM plays a vital role in the tumor development, independent of endothelial cell angiogenesis6, 10-13. For example, tumor cells were found to participate in the blood perfused, vascular channel formation in tissue samples from melanoma and glioblastoma patients8, 10, 11. Here, we described this tubular network assay as a useful tool in evaluation of vasculogenic activity of tumor cells. We found that some tumor cell lines such as melanoma B16F1 cells, glioblastoma U87 cells, and breast cancer MDA-MB-435 cells are able to form vascular tubules; but some do not such as colon cancer HCT116 cells. Furthermore, this vascular phenotype is dependent on cell numbers plated on the Matrigel. Therefore, this assay may serve as powerful utility to screen the vascular potential of a variety of cell types including vascular cells, tumor cells as well as other cells.

A tube formation assay is used to evaluate vascular activity of tumor cells.

A Matrigel basado en tubo de ensayo de formación para evaluar la actividad de las células tumorales vasculogénica

Over the past several decades, a tube formation assay using growth factor-reduced Matrigel has been typically employed to demonstrate the angiogenic ...

Generation of Myospheres From hESCs by Epigenetic Reprogramming

Generation of a homogeneous and abundant population of skeletal muscle cells from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) is a requirement for cell-based therapies and for a "disease in a dish" model of human neuromuscular diseases. Major hurdles, such as low abundance and heterogeneity of the population of interest, as well as a lack of protocols for the formation of three-dimensional contractile structures, have limited the applications of stem cells for neuromuscular disorders. We have designed a protocol that overcomes these limits by ectopic introduction of defined factors in hESCs - the muscle determination factor MyoD and SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex component BAF60C - that are able to reprogram hESCs into skeletal muscle cells. Here we describe the protocol established to generate hESC-derived myoblasts and promote their clustering into tridimensional miniaturized structures (myospheres) that functionally mimic miniaturized skeletal muscles7.

Here, we describe a protocol based on epigenetic reprogramming of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) toward generating a homogeneous population of skeletal muscle progenitors that under permissive culture conditions form three-dimensional clusters of contractile myofibers (myospheres), which recapitulate biological features of human skeletal muscles.

Generación de Myospheres De hESCs por epigenética Reprogramación

Generation of a homogeneous and abundant population of skeletal muscle cells from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) is a requirement for cell-based ...

Isolation of Mitochondria from Minimal Quantities of Mouse Skeletal Muscle for High Throughput Microplate Respiratory Measurements

Dysfunctional skeletal muscle mitochondria play a role in altered metabolism observed with aging, obesity and Type II diabetes. Mitochondrial respirometric assays from isolated mitochondrial preparations allow for the assessment of mitochondrial function, as well as determination of the mechanism(s) of action of drugs and proteins that modulate metabolism. Current isolation procedures often require large quantities of tissue to yield high quality mitochondria necessary for respirometric assays. The methods presented herein describe how high quality purified mitochondria (~ 450 &#181;g) can be isolated from minimal quantities (~75-100 mg) of mouse skeletal muscle for use in high throughput respiratory measurements. We determined that our isolation method yields 92.5&#177; 2.0% intact mitochondria by measuring citrate synthase activity spectrophotometrically. In addition, Western blot analysis in isolated mitochondria resulted in the faint expression of the cytosolic protein, GAPDH, and the robust expression of the mitochondrial protein, COXIV. The absence of a prominent GAPDH band in the isolated mitochondria is indicative of little contamination from non-mitochondrial sources during the isolation procedure. Most importantly, the measurement of O2 consumption rate with micro-plate based technology and determining the respiratory control ratio (RCR) for coupled respirometric assays shows highly coupled (RCR; &#62;6 for all assays) and functional mitochondria. In conclusion, the addition of a separate mincing step and significantly reducing motor driven homogenization speed of a previously reported method has allowed the isolation of high quality and purified mitochondria from smaller quantities of mouse skeletal muscle that results in highly coupled mitochondria that respire with high function during microplate based respirometirc assays.

Here, we present a modification of a previously reported method that allows for the isolation of high quality and purified mitochondria from smaller quantities of mouse skeletal muscle. This procedure results in highly coupled mitochondria that respire with high function during microplate based respirometirc assays.

Aislamiento de mitocondrias a partir de cantidades mínimas de ratón músculo esquelético para mediciones de alto rendimiento de microplacas Respiratorias

Dysfunctional skeletal muscle mitochondria play a role in altered metabolism observed with aging, obesity and Type II diabetes. Mitochondrial ...

High-resolution Respirometry to Measure Mitochondrial Function of Intact Beta Cells in the Presence of Natural Compounds

High-resolution respirometry allows for the measurement of oxygen consumption of isolated mitochondria, cells and tissues. Beta cells play a critical role in the body by controlling blood glucose levels through insulin secretion in response to elevated glucose concentrations. Insulin secretion is controlled by glucose metabolism and mitochondrial respiration. Therefore, measuring intact beta cell respiration is essential to be able to improve beta cell function as a treatment for diabetes. Using intact 832/13 INS-1 derived beta cells we can measure the effect of increasing glucose concentration on cellular respiration. This protocol allows us to measure beta cell respiration in the presence or absence of various compounds, allowing one to determine the effect of given compounds on intact cell respiration. Here we demonstrate the effect of two naturally occurring compounds, monomeric epicatechin and curcumin, on beta cell respiration under the presence of low (2.5 mM) or high glucose (16.7 mM) conditions. This technique can be used to determine the effect of various compounds on intact beta cell respiration in the presence of differing glucose concentrations.

The goal of this protocol is to measure the effect of glucose-mediated changes to mitochondrial respiration in the presence of natural compounds on intact 832/13 beta cells using high-resolution respirometry.

Respirometría de alta resolución para medir la función mitocondrial de las células intactas de Beta en presencia de compuestos naturales

High-resolution respirometry allows for the measurement of oxygen consumption of isolated mitochondria, cells and tissues. Beta cells play a critical role ...

Measuring Crop Motility and Food Passaging in Drosophila

Most animals use the gastrointestinal (GI) tract to digest food. The movement of the ingested food in the GI tract is essential for nutrient absorption. Disordered GI motility and gastric emptying cause multiple diseases and symptoms. As a powerful genetic model organism, Drosophila can be used in GI motility research. The Drosophila crop is an organ that contracts and moves food into the midgut for further digestion, functionally similar to a mammalian stomach. Presented is a protocol to study Drosophila crop motility using simple measurement tools. A method for counting crop contractions to evaluate crop motility and a method for detecting the distribution of food dyed blue between the crop and gut using a spectrophotometer to investigate the effect of the crop on food passaging is described. The method was used to detect the difference in crop motility between control and nprl2 mutant flies. This protocol is both cost-efficient and highly sensitive to crop motility.

Measuring Crop Motility and Food Passaging in Drosophila

The goal of this protocol is to measure crop contraction and quantify food distribution in the Drosophila gut.

Medición de la motilidad del cultivo y la intoxicación alimentaria en Drosophila

Most animals use the gastrointestinal (GI) tract to digest food. The movement of the ingested food in the GI tract is essential for nutrient absorption. ...