proximal-cadaveric-femur-preparation-for-fracture-strength-testing

Proximal Cadaveric Femur Preparation for Fracture Strength Testing and Quantitative CT-based Finite Element Analysis

Cadaveric fracture testing is routinely used to understand factors that affect proximal femur strength.  Because ex vivo biological tissues are prone to ...

method-instrumented-fixture-for-femoral-fracture-testing-sideways

Method and Instrumented Fixture for Femoral Fracture Testing in a Sideways Fall-on-the-Hip Position

Mechanical testing of femora brings valuable insights into understanding the contribution of clinically-measureable variables such as bone mineral density ...

Mayo Clinic

The subfamily of growth/differentiation factors (GDFs) known as GDFs 5, 6, and 7 appears to be involved in tendon maintenance and repair, although the precise nature of this role has yet to be elucidated. The aim of the present study was to examine the role of GDF-7 in tendon maintenance by studying tail tendon fascicle gene expression, composition, and material property strain rate dependency in 16-week-old male and female GDF-7 deficient mice. GDF-7 deficiency did not affect the biochemical composition of tail tendon fascicles, nor did it significantly affect the tensile material properties obtained at either slow (5%/s) or fast (50%/s) strain rates. Further, no difference was found between genotypes in the strain rate sensitivity of any tensile material property. Consistent with the compositional analyses, QRT-PCR data did not reveal any differences of twofold or greater in the gene expression levels of collagens I, III, V, nor in the proteoglycans decorin, fibromodulin, lumican, biglycan, versican, or aggrecan. Gdf5 expression was upregulated twofold in GDF-7 deficient tail tendons, and Bmp7 expression was downregulated twofold. No notable differences in expression levels for Bmp1-6 or Gdf6 were detected. GDF-5 protein levels were 50% higher in GDF-7 deficient tail tendon compared to wild type tail tendon. The results of this study support the intriguing possibility that compensation by Gdf-5 may be at least in part responsible for the absence of a strong phenotype in GDF-7 deficient mice.

Effect of GDF-7 deficiency on tail tendon phenotype in mice.

Stress fractures are overuse injuries of bone that affect elite athletes and military recruits. One response of cortical bone to stress fracture is to lay down periosteal callus. The objectives of this study were to determine if material properties are different among bones with different stages of stress fracture callus, at both a callus site and at a distal site. Cortical specimens were mechanically tested to determine their stress-strain response. Material property differences were examined using nonparametric and regression analyses. At the callus site, material properties were low during the earliest stages of callus, higher with increasing callus maturity, but dropped at the late stage of callus. At the distal site, the material properties were low during early stages of callus and approached, or returned to, those of bones without callus during the late stages of callus. The effects of stress fracture and bone callus are not limited to the focal site of stress fracture.

Material properties are related to stress fracture callus and porosity of cortical bone tissue at affected and unaffected sites.

Clinical implementation of quantitative computed tomography-based finite element analysis (QCT/FEA) of proximal femur stiffness and strength to assess the likelihood of proximal femur (hip) fractures requires a unified modeling procedure, consistency in predicting bone mechanical properties, and validation with realistic test data that represent typical hip fractures, specifically, a sideways fall on the hip. We, therefore, used two sets (nÂ =Â 9, each) of cadaveric femora with bone densities varying from normal to osteoporotic to build, refine, and validate a new class of QCT/FEA models for hip fracture under loading conditions that simulate a sideways fall on the hip. Convergence requirements of finite element models of the first set of femora led to the creation of a new meshing strategy and a robust process to model proximal femur geometry and material properties from QCT images. We used a second set of femora to cross-validate the model parameters derived from the first set. Refined models were validated experimentally by fracturing femora using specially designed fixtures, load cells, and high speed video capture. CT image reconstructions of fractured femora were created to classify the fractures. The predicted stiffness (cross-validation R (2)Â =Â 0.87), fracture load (cross-validation R (2)Â =Â 0.85), and fracture patterns (83% agreement) correlated well with experimental data.

Robust QCT/FEA models of proximal femur stiffness and fracture load during a sideways fall on the hip.

Application clinique des quantitative calcul&eacute;e analyse ax&eacute;e sur la tomographie par &eacute;l&eacute;ments finis (QCT/FEA) du f&eacute;mur proximal rigidit&eacute; et r&eacute;sistance d&#39;&eacute;valuer le risque de fractures du f&eacute;mur proximal de la (hanche) n&eacute;cessite une proc&eacute;dure unified modeling, coh&eacute;rence dans la pr&eacute;diction des propri&eacute;t&eacute;s m&eacute;caniques osseuses, et validation avec test r&eacute;alistes donn&eacute;es qui repr&eacute;sentent des fractures de la hanche typiques, plus pr&eacute;cis&eacute;ment, un c&ocirc;t&eacute; tombent sur la hanche. Nous avons, par cons&eacute;quent, utilis&eacute; deux ensembles (n = 9, chaque) de f&eacute;murs cadav&eacute;riques avec densit&eacute; osseuse variant de normal &agrave; ost&eacute;oporotique &agrave; construire, affiner et valider une nouvelle classe de mod&egrave;les QCT/FEA pour fracture de la hanche sous chargement des conditions qui simulent une chute sur le c&ocirc;t&eacute; sur la hanche. Exigences en mati&egrave;re de convergence des mod&egrave;les d&#39;&eacute;l&eacute;ments finis de la premi&egrave;re s&eacute;rie de f&eacute;murs a conduit &agrave; la cr&eacute;ation d&#39;une nouvelle strat&eacute;gie de maillage et d&#39;un processus rigoureux aux propri&eacute;t&eacute;s de la g&eacute;om&eacute;trie et les mat&eacute;riaux du f&eacute;mur proximal mod&egrave;le d&#39;images QCT. Nous avons utilis&eacute; une seconde s&eacute;rie de f&eacute;murs pour effectuer une validation crois&eacute;e des param&egrave;tres du mod&egrave;le d&eacute;riv&eacute;s de la premi&egrave;re s&eacute;rie. Les mod&egrave;les raffin&eacute;s ont &eacute;t&eacute; valid&eacute;es exp&eacute;rimentalement par fracturation f&eacute;murs en utilisant des appareils sp&eacute;cialement con&ccedil;us, pesons et capture vid&eacute;o haute vitesse. Reconstitutions image CT des f&eacute;murs fractur&eacute;s ont &eacute;t&eacute; cr&eacute;&eacute;es pour classer les fractures. La rigidit&eacute; pr&eacute;dite (validation crois&eacute;e R (2) = 0,87), charge de rupture (validation crois&eacute;e R (2) = 0,85) et les patrons (83 % d&#39;accord) en corr&eacute;lation avec les donn&eacute;es exp&eacute;rimentales de fracture.

Des mod&egrave;les robustes de QCT/FEA de la rigidit&eacute; du f&eacute;mur proximal et fracture chargement lors d&#39;une chute sur le c&ocirc;t&eacute; sur la hanche.

Implementazione clinica di quantitativi calcolati analisi agli elementi finiti basati su tomografia computerizzata (QCT/FEA) di resistenza e solidit&agrave; per valutare la probabilit&agrave; di (anca) fratture del femore prossimale del femore prossimale richiede una procedura di modellazione unificato, coerenza nel predire le propriet&agrave; meccaniche di osso, e la convalida con dati di prova realistici che rappresentano le tipiche fratture dell&#39;anca, in particolare, una laterali caduta sull&#39;anca. Abbiamo, quindi, utilizzato due set (n = 9, ciascuna) di cadaverico femori con densit&agrave; ossea varia da normale a osteoporotici a costruire, affinare e convalidare una nuova classe di modelli QCT/FEA per frattura dell&#39;anca sotto condizioni che simulano una caduta lateralmente sul fianco di carico. Requisiti di convergenza dei modelli agli elementi finiti del primo set dei femori ha portato alla creazione di una nuova strategia di ingranamento e un robusto processo di propriet&agrave; geometria e materiale del femore prossimale modello da immagini QCT. Abbiamo utilizzato un secondo set di femori per la convalida incrociata i parametri del modello derivati dal primo set. Modelli raffinati sono stati convalidati sperimentalmente da fratturazione femori utilizzando apparecchi appositamente progettati, celle di carico e cattura di video ad alta velocit&agrave;. Ricostruzioni di immagini CT del femore fratturate sono stati creati per classificare le fratture. Il predetta rigidit&agrave; (cross-validazione R (2) = 0.87), carico di rottura (cross-validazione R (2) = 0,85) e frattura modelli (83% accordo) correlati anche con dati sperimentali.

Robusti modelli QCT/FEA di rigidit&agrave; prossimale del femore e frattura di carico durante la caduta lateralmente sul fianco.

To (1) describe vascular distribution in the grossly intact canine cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) using immunohistochemical techniques specific to 2 components of blood vessels (factor VIII for endothelial cells, laminin for basement membrane); and (2) compare the vascularity in different areas of interest (craniomedial versus caudolateral bands; core versus epiligamentous regions; and proximal versus middle versus distal portions) in the intact normal canine CCL.

Immunohistochemical and histomorphometric evaluation of vascular distribution in intact canine cranial cruciate ligament.

To (1) determine the microanatomic vascular distribution in ruptured canine cranial cruciate ligaments (CCL) using specific vascular immunohistochemical techniques, and (2) compare vessel density between ruptured and intact canine CCL and between different areas of interest in ruptured CCL using histomorphometric analysis.

Vascular distribution in ruptured canine cranial cruciate ligament.

To compare (1) proximal femoral axial strains, (2) femoral head deflection, and (3) failure mechanical properties, between Helica head and neck prosthesis implanted femora and normal femora.

Biomechanical evaluation of screw-in femoral implant in cementless total hip system.

&#x76EE;&#x6807;-&#x786E;&#x5B9A;&#x5F62;&#x6001;&#x53CA;&#x529B;&#x5B66;&#x6027;&#x80FD;&#x7684;&#x9AA8;&#x5C0F;&#x6881;&#x7684;&#x9A6C;&#x9AA8;&#x8106;&#x5F31;&#x6027;&#x7EFC;&#x5408;&#x5F81; (BFS &#xFF1B; &#x5305;&#x62EC;&#x7845;&#x9178;&#x76D0;&#x5173;&#x8054;&#x7684;&#x9AA8;&#x8D28;&#x758F;&#x677E;&#x75C7;)&#x3002;&#x793A;&#x4F8B;&#x5706;&#x67F1;&#x9AA8;&#x5C0F;&#x6881;&#x6837;&#x54C1;&#x4ECE; 39 &#x9A6C;&#x5C38;&#x7B2C;&#x4E09;&#x638C;&#x9AA8;&#x8FDC;&#x7AEF;&#x65B9;&#x9762; (BFS 19 &#x9A6C; [BFS &#x9AA8;&#x6837;&#x672C;] &#x548C; 20 &#x5339;&#x9A6C;&#x6CA1;&#x6709; BFS [&#x63A7;&#x5236;&#x9AA8;&#x6837;&#x672C;]&#xFF09;&#x3002;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#x9AA8;&#x6837;&#x672C;&#x5C31;&#x901A;&#x8FC7;&#x6D4B;&#x5B9A;&#x9AA8;&#x4F53;&#x79EF;&#x5206;&#x6570; &#xFF1B; &#x5FAE; CT &#x6210;&#x50CF;&#x660E;&#x663E;&#x548C;&#x5E73;&#x5747;&#x77FF;&#x5316;&#x7684;&#x9AA8;&#x5BC6;&#x5EA6; &#xFF1B;&#x548C;&#x5C0F;&#x6881;&#x6570;&#x91CF;&#x3001; &#x539A;&#x5EA6;&#xFF0C;&#x4EE5;&#x53CA;&#x5206;&#x79BB;&#x3002;&#x9AA8;&#x6837;&#x672C;&#x88AB;&#x538B;&#x7F29;&#x5230;&#x660E;&#x663E;&#x7684;&#x5F39;&#x6027;&#x6A21;&#x91CF;&#x548C;&#x5E94;&#x529B;&#x3001; &#x83CC;&#x682A;&#x548C;&#x5E94;&#x53D8;&#x80FD;&#x91CF;&#x5BC6;&#x5EA6;&#x7684;&#x4EA7;&#x91CF;&#xFF0C;&#x6700;&#x7EC8;&#xFF0C;&#x6D4B;&#x5B9A;&#x7684;&#x5931;&#x8D25;&#x548C;&#x52A0;&#x8F7D;&#x5931;&#x8D25;&#x3002;&#x9AD8;&#x7089;&#x7684;&#x5F71;&#x54CD;&#x548C;&#x5728;&#x53D8;&#x91CF;&#x4E0A;&#x7684;&#x9A6C;&#x7684;&#x5E74;&#x9F84;&#x786E;&#x5B9A;&#x3002;&#x7ED3;&#x679C; BFS &#x9AA8;&#x6837;&#x672C;&#x4E86; 25%&#x4F4E;&#x9AA8;&#x4F53;&#x79EF;&#x5206;&#x6570;&#x3001; &#x8868;&#x89C2;&#x5BC6;&#x5EA6;&#x4F4E; 28%&#x3001; 18%&#x964D;&#x4F4E;&#x5C0F;&#x6881;&#x6570;&#x76EE;&#x548C;&#x539A;&#x5EA6;&#xFF0C;&#x4EE5;&#x53CA; 16%&#x66F4;&#x591A;&#x5C0F;&#x6881;&#x5206;&#x79BB;&#x4E0E;&#x63A7;&#x5236;&#x9AA8;&#x6837;&#x672C;&#x3002;BFS &#x9AA8;&#x6837;&#x672C;&#x6709; 22%&#x4F4E;&#x89C6;&#x6A21;&#x91CF;&#x548C; 32%&#x81F3; 33%&#x4F4E;&#x5E94;&#x529B;&#x3001; 10%&#x81F3; 18%&#x4F4E;&#x682A;&#x548C; 41%&#x81F3; 52%&#x4EA7;&#x91CF;&#xFF0C;&#x6700;&#x7EC8;&#xFF0C;&#x4F4E;&#x5E94;&#x53D8;&#x80FD;&#x91CF;&#x5BC6;&#x5EA6;&#x548C;&#x6545;&#x969C;&#x8D1F;&#x8377;&#xFF0C;&#x4E0E;&#x63A7;&#x5236;&#x9AA8;&#x6837;&#x672C;&#x76F8;&#x6BD4;&#x3002;&#x5E73;&#x5747;&#x5BC6;&#x5EA6;&#x548C;&#x5C0F;&#x6881;&#x5404;&#x5411;&#x5F02;&#x6027;&#x68C0;&#x6D4B;&#x4E0D;&#x5230;&#x7684;&#x9AA8;&#x6837;&#x672C;&#x7FA4;&#x4F53;&#x4E4B;&#x95F4;&#x7684;&#x5DEE;&#x5F02;&#x3002;&#x7ED3;&#x8BBA;&#x548C;&#x4E34;&#x5E8A;&#x76F8;&#x5173;&#x6027;&#x7ED3;&#x679C;&#x5EFA;&#x8BAE;&#x9A6C;&#x4E0E; BFS &#x6709;&#x9AA8;&#x91CF;&#x51CF;&#x5C11;&#x548C;&#x7834;&#x574F;&#x9AA8;&#x5C0F;&#x6881;&#x529F;&#x80FD;&#xFF0C;&#x7B26;&#x5408;&#x9AA8;&#x9ABC;&#x53D8;&#x5F62;&#x548C;&#x75C5;&#x7406;&#x9AA8;&#x6298;&#xFF0C;&#x5728;&#x53D7;&#x5F71;&#x54CD;&#x7684;&#x9A6C;&#x5339;&#x7684;&#x53D1;&#x5C55;&#x3002;&#x8FD9;&#x4E2A;&#x9AD8;&#x7089;&#x7684;&#x5F71;&#x54CD;&#x53EF;&#x80FD;&#x662F;&#x7CFB;&#x7EDF;&#x6027;&#x7684;&#x548C;&#x9AA8;&#x5934;&#x800C;&#x4E0D;&#x662F;&#x4E34;&#x5E8A;&#x4E0A;&#x53D7;&#x4E86;&#x5F62;&#x6001;&#x53CA;&#x529B;&#x5B66;&#x6027;&#x80FD;&#x53D8;&#x5316;&#x3002;

&#x673A;&#x68B0;&#x4E0E;&#x5F62;&#x6001;&#x5B66;&#x7279;&#x6027;&#x7684;&#x9AA8;&#x5C0F;&#x6881;&#x6837;&#x672C;&#x53D6;&#x81EA;&#x7B2C;&#x4E09;&#x638C;&#x9AA8;&#x5934;&#x7684;&#x9AA8;&#x8106;&#x5F31;&#x6027;&#x7EFC;&#x5408;&#x5F81;&#x9A6C;&#x548C;&#x9A6C;&#x53D7;&#x8BE5;&#x7EFC;&#x5408;&#x5F81;&#x7684;&#x5C38;&#x4F53;&#x3002;

Objective-To determine morphological and mechanical properties of trabecular bone of horses with a bone fragility syndrome (BFS; including silicate-associated osteoporosis). Sample-Cylindrical trabecular bone samples from the distal aspects of cadaveric third metacarpal bones of 39 horses (19 horses with a BFS [BFS bone samples] and 20 horses without a BFS [control bone samples]). Procedures-Bone samples were imaged via micro-CT for determination of bone volume fraction; apparent and mean mineralized bone densities; and trabecular number, thickness, and separation. Bone samples were compressed to failure for determination of apparent elastic modulus and stresses, strains, and strain energy densities for yield, ultimate, and failure loads. Effects of BFS and age of horses on variables were determined. Results-BFS bone samples had 25% lower bone volume fraction, 28% lower apparent density, 18% lower trabecular number and thickness, and 16% greater trabecular separation versus control bone samples. The BFS bone samples had 22% lower apparent modulus and 32% to 33% lower stresses, 10% to 18% lower strains, and 41 % to 52% lower strain energy densities at yield, ultimate, and failure loads, compared with control bone samples. Differences between groups of bone samples were not detected for mean mineral density and trabecular anisotropy. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-Results suggested that horses with a BFS had osteopenia and compromised trabecular bone function, consistent with bone deformation and pathological fractures that develop in affected horses. Effects of this BFS may be systemic, and bones other than those that are clinically affected had changes in morphological and mechanical properties.

Mechanical and morphological properties of trabecular bone samples obtained from third metacarpal bones of cadavers of horses with a bone fragility syndrome and horses unaffected by that syndrome.

Objectif-pour d&eacute;terminer les propri&eacute;t&eacute;s morphologiques et m&eacute;caniques de l&#39;os trab&eacute;culaire des chevaux avec un syndrome de fragilit&eacute; osseuse (BFS; y compris silicate associ&eacute;es &agrave; l&#39;ost&eacute;oporose). Des &eacute;chantillons de l&#39;os trab&eacute;culaire &eacute;chantillon cylindrique des aspects distales du cadav&eacute;riques m&eacute;tacarpes troisi&egrave;me de 39 chevaux (19 chevaux avec un BFS [BFS &eacute;chantillons d&#39;OS] et 20 chevaux sans un BFS [&eacute;chantillons d&#39;os de contr&ocirc;le]). Exemples de proc&eacute;dures d&#39;os ont &eacute;t&eacute; mis en image via micro-CT pour la d&eacute;termination de la fraction de volume osseux ; densit&eacute; osseuse min&eacute;ralis&eacute;e apparent et moyenne ; et num&eacute;ro trab&eacute;culaire, &eacute;paisseur et s&eacute;paration. &Eacute;chantillons d&#39;os ont &eacute;t&eacute; compress&eacute;s &agrave; l&#39;&eacute;chec pour la d&eacute;termination du module d&#39;&eacute;lasticit&eacute; apparent et stress, tensions et densit&eacute;s d&#39;&eacute;nergie de d&eacute;formation pour le rendement, ultime, et insuffisance des charges. On a d&eacute;termin&eacute; les effets de BFS et l&#39;&acirc;ge des chevaux sur les variables. R&eacute;sultats-BFS &eacute;chantillons d&#39;os avaient 25 % plus faible fraction de volume osseux, 28 % plus faible densit&eacute; apparente, 18 % inf&eacute;rieur trab&eacute;culaire et &eacute;paisseur et 16 % plue trab&eacute;culaire s&eacute;paration par rapport aux &eacute;chantillons d&#39;os de contr&ocirc;le. Les &eacute;chantillons d&#39;os BFS avaient 22 % plus faibles module et 32 % &agrave; 33 % plus faibles contraintes apparentes, souches inf&eacute;rieurs de 10 % &agrave; 18 % et 41 &agrave; 52 % plus faibles densit&eacute;s d&#39;&eacute;nergie de souche au rendement, ultime et charges de rupture, par rapport aux &eacute;chantillons d&#39;os de contr&ocirc;le. Diff&eacute;rences entre les groupes d&#39;&eacute;chantillons osseux n&#39;ont pas d&eacute;tect&eacute;s de moyenne densit&eacute; min&eacute;rale et anisotropie trab&eacute;culaire. Conclusions et r&eacute;sultats-pertinence clinique sugg&egrave;rent chevaux avec un BFS avait ost&eacute;op&eacute;nie et compromettre la fonction de l&#39;os trab&eacute;culaire, compatible avec la d&eacute;formation osseuse et des fractures pathologiques qui se d&eacute;veloppent chez les chevaux affect&eacute;s. Les effets de cette BFS peuvent &ecirc;tre syst&eacute;miques, et OS autres que ceux qui sont affect&eacute;s cliniquement eu des changements dans les propri&eacute;t&eacute;s morphologiques et m&eacute;caniques.

Propri&eacute;t&eacute;s m&eacute;caniques et morphologiques des sp&eacute;cimens osseux trab&eacute;culaire provenant de troisi&egrave;me os m&eacute;tacarpiens de cadavres des chevaux avec un syndrome de fragilit&eacute; osseuse et des chevaux affect&eacute;s par ce syndrome.

Ziel-morphologische und mechanische Eigenschaften der trabekul&auml;ren Knochen von Pferden mit einer Knochen-Fragile (BFS; einschlie&szlig;lich Silikat-assoziierte Osteoporose) zu bestimmen. Beispiel-zylindrische trabekul&auml;ren Knochen Proben aus der distale Aspekte der Erw&auml;gungs Dritter Metacarpus Knochen 39 Pferde (19 Pferde mit einer BFS [BFS Knochen Proben] und 20 Pferde ohne eine BFS [Kontrollproben mit Knochen]). Verfahren-Knochen-Proben wurden &uuml;ber Mikro-CT zur Bestimmung der Knochen Volume Bruchteil abgebildet; scheinbare und mittlere mineralisierte Knochen-Dichte; und trabekul&auml;ren Anzahl, Dicke und Trennung. Knochen-Samples wurden zum Scheitern zur Bestimmung der scheinbaren Elastizit&auml;tsmodul und Spannungen, Belastungen und Belastung Energiedichte f&uuml;r Ertrag, ultimate, komprimiert und Scheitern l&auml;dt. Auswirkungen der BFS und das Alter der Pferde auf Variablen wurden ermittelt. Ergebnisse-BFS Knochen Proben hatten 25 % niedrigere Knochen Volume Bruch, 28 % niedrigere Sch&uuml;ttdichte, 18 % niedriger trabekul&auml;ren Anzahl und Dicke sowie 16 % st&auml;rkere trabekul&auml;ren Trennung gegen&uuml;ber Knochen Kontrollproben. Die BFS-Knochen-Proben hatten 22 % niedriger scheinbare e-Modul und 32 bis 33 % niedrigeren Spannungen, 10 bis 18 % geringere Belastungen, und 41 % bis 52 % niedrigere Belastung Energiedichten bei Ertrag, ultimate, und Scheitern Lasten, verglichen mit Kontrollproben Knochen. Unterschiede zwischen Gruppen von Knochen-Proben wurden f&uuml;r mittlere mineralische Rohdichte und trabekul&auml;ren Anisotropie nicht erkannt. Schlussfolgerungen und klinische Relevanz-Ergebnisse vorgeschlagen, dass Pferde mit einer BFS Osteopenie hatte und gef&auml;hrdet trabekul&auml;ren Knochen-Funktion, mit Knochen Verformung und pathologischen Frakturen, die in betroffenen Pferde entwickeln. Auswirkungen dieser BFS m&ouml;glicherweise systemische und Knochen als diejenigen, die klinisch betroffen sind &Auml;nderungen im morphologischen und mechanischen Eigenschaften hatte.

Mechanische und morphologische Eigenschaften des trabekul&auml;ren Knochen Proben gewonnenen dritten Metacarpus Knochen der Leichen von Pferden mit einem Knochen-fragile und Pferde nicht von diesem Syndrom betroffen.

Obiettivo-per determinare le propriet&agrave; meccaniche e morfologiche dell&#39;osso trabecolare di cavalli con una sindrome da fragilit&agrave; ossea (BFS; compresa l&#39;osteoporosi associato al silicato). Campioni di osso trabecolare cilindrico-campione dagli aspetti distali delle ossa del terzo metacarpo cadaverico di 39 cavalli (19 cavalli con un BFS [BFS osso campioni] e 20 cavalli senza un BFS [controllo campioni ossei]). Esempi di procedure di ossa furono stampati tramite micro-CT per la determinazione della frazione di volume osseo; densit&agrave; apparente e significa osso mineralizzato; e numero trabecolare, spessore e separazione. Campioni ossei sono stati compressi al fallimento per la determinazione del modulo di elasticit&agrave; apparente e sollecitazioni, ceppi e densit&agrave; energetica ceppo per rendimento, ultima, e carichi di fallimento. Sono stati determinati effetti di BFS e l&#39;et&agrave; dei cavalli sulle variabili. Risultati-BFS osso campioni avevano la frazione di volume osseo inferiore 25%, 28% bassa densit&agrave; apparente, 18% inferiore trabecolare numero e spessore e il 16% maggiore trabecolare separazione contro campioni di ossa di controllo. I campioni di osso BFS avevano 22% inferiore apparente modulo e 32% al 33% inferiore sottolinea, ceppi inferiore del 10% al 18% e bassa densit&agrave; energetica ceppo 41% al 52%, allo snervamento, ultima e carichi di fallimento, rispetto ai campioni di ossa di controllo. Differenze tra gruppi di campioni ossei non sono state rilevate per media densit&agrave; minerale e anisotropia trabecolare. Conclusioni e risultati clinici di pertinenza ha suggerito che i cavalli con un BFS avevano osteopenia e compromessa funzione osso trabecolare, coerente con deformazione delle ossa e fratture patologiche che si sviluppano in cavalli colpiti. Gli effetti di questa BFS possono essere sistemici e ossa diverse da quelle che sono clinicamente affetti ha avuto cambiamenti nella propriet&agrave; morfologiche e meccaniche.

Propriet&agrave; meccaniche e morfologiche dei campioni di osso trabecolare ottenuta dalle ossa del metacarpo terzo dei cadaveri di cavalli con una sindrome da fragilit&agrave; ossea e cavalli influenzati da tale sindrome.

&#x76EE;&#x7684;-&#x6D77;&#x7DBF;&#x9AA8;&#x306E;&#x9AA8;&#x8106;&#x5F31;&#x75C7;&#x5019;&#x7FA4; &#xFF08;BFS; &#x542B;&#x3080;&#x30B1;&#x30A4;&#x9178;&#x95A2;&#x9023;&#x9AA8;&#x7C97;&#x9B06;&#x75C7;&#xFF09; &#x3068;&#x99AC;&#x306E;&#x5F62;&#x614B;&#x3068;&#x6A5F;&#x68B0;&#x7684;&#x6027;&#x8CEA;&#x3092;&#x6C7A;&#x5B9A;&#x3057;&#x307E;&#x3059;&#x3002;&#x30B5;&#x30F3;&#x30D7;&#x30EB;&#x5186;&#x7B52;&#x6D77;&#x7DBF;&#x9AA8;&#x8A66;&#x6599; 39 &#x99AC;&#x306E;&#x6B7B;&#x4F53;&#x306E;&#x7B2C;&#x4E09;&#x4E2D;&#x624B;&#x9AA8;&#x306E;&#x9060;&#x4F4D;&#x306E;&#x5074;&#x9762;&#x304B;&#x3089; (19 &#x99AC;&#x306E; BFS &#x3068; [BFS &#x9AA8;&#x30B5;&#x30F3;&#x30D7;&#x30EB;] &#x3068; [&#x30B3;&#x30F3;&#x30C8;&#x30ED;&#x30FC;&#x30EB;&#x306E;&#x9AA8;&#x306E;&#x30B5;&#x30F3;&#x30D7;&#x30EB;] &#x306E; BFS &#x306A;&#x3057; 20 &#x99AC;)&#x3002;&#x30DE;&#x30A4;&#x30AF;&#x30ED; CT &#x9AA8;&#x4F53;&#x7A4D;&#x7387;&#x306E;&#x5B9A;&#x91CF;&#x3092;&#x4ECB;&#x3057;&#x3066;&#x624B;&#x9806;&#x9AA8;&#x8A66;&#x6599;&#x3092;&#x30A4;&#x30E1;&#x30FC;&#x30B8;&#x3057;&#x307E;&#x3057;&#x305F;;&#x898B;&#x304B;&#x3051;&#x3068;&#x5E73;&#x5747;&#x306E;&#x77F3;&#x7070;&#x5316;&#x9AA8;&#x5BC6;&#x5EA6;;&#x9AA8;&#x6881;&#x6570;&#x3001;&#x592A;&#x3055;&#x3001;&#x304A;&#x3088;&#x3073;&#x5206;&#x96E2;&#x306E;&#x3002;&#x9AA8;&#x306E;&#x30B5;&#x30F3;&#x30D7;&#x30EB;&#x5931;&#x6557;&#x306E;&#x898B;&#x639B;&#x3051;&#x5F3E;&#x6027;&#x7387;&#x3068;&#x5FDC;&#x529B;&#x3001;&#x3072;&#x305A;&#x307F;&#x3068;&#x53CE;&#x91CF;&#x3001;&#x7A76;&#x6975;&#x306E;&#x305F;&#x3081;&#x306E;&#x3072;&#x305A;&#x307F;&#x30A8;&#x30CD;&#x30EB;&#x30AE;&#x30FC;&#x5BC6;&#x5EA6;&#x306E;&#x5B9A;&#x91CF;&#x306B;&#x5727;&#x7E2E;&#x3055;&#x308C;&#x3001;&#x5931;&#x6557;&#x3092;&#x8AAD;&#x307F;&#x8FBC;&#x307F;&#x307E;&#x3059;&#x3002;BFS &#x306E;&#x52B9;&#x679C;&#x3068;&#x5909;&#x6570;&#x306E;&#x99AC;&#x306E;&#x6642;&#x4EE3;&#x3092;&#x6C7A;&#x5B9A;&#x3057;&#x307E;&#x3057;&#x305F;&#x3002;&#x7D50;&#x679C; BFS &#x9AA8;&#x30B5;&#x30F3;&#x30D7;&#x30EB; 25 &#xFF05; &#x3088;&#x308A;&#x4F4E;&#x3044;&#x9AA8;&#x4F53;&#x7A4D;&#x7387;&#x3092;&#x6301;&#x3063;&#x3066;&#x3044;&#x305F;&#x3001;28 &#xFF05; &#x304C;&#x898B;&#x639B;&#x5BC6;&#x5EA6;&#x4F4E;&#x4E0B;&#x3001;&#x9AA8;&#x6881;&#x6570;&#x3068;&#x539A;&#x3055;&#x3001;&#x304A;&#x3088;&#x3073; 16% &#x5927;&#x304D;&#x3044;&#x6D77;&#x7DBF;&#x5206;&#x96E2;&#x5236;&#x5FA1;&#x9AA8;&#x8A66;&#x6599;&#x5BFE; 18 &#xFF05; &#x3092;&#x4E0B;&#x3052;&#x307E;&#x3059;&#x3002;BFS &#x9AA8;&#x30B5;&#x30F3;&#x30D7;&#x30EB;&#x306B; 22 &#xFF05; &#x4F4E;&#x3044;&#x898B;&#x304B;&#x3051;&#x5F3E;&#x6027;&#x7387;&#x3068; 32 &#xFF05;&#x3001;33 &#xFF05; &#x4F4E;&#x5FDC;&#x529B;&#x3001;10 &#xFF05; &#x301C; 18 &#xFF05; &#x4F4E;&#x3044;&#x83CC;&#x682A;&#x3068; 41% &#x306B; 52% &#x306E;&#x4F4E;&#x3072;&#x305A;&#x307F;&#x30A8;&#x30CD;&#x30EB;&#x30AE;&#x30FC;&#x5BC6;&#x5EA6;&#x964D;&#x4F0F;&#x3001;&#x7A76;&#x6975;&#x306E;&#x30B3;&#x30F3;&#x30C8;&#x30ED;&#x30FC;&#x30EB;&#x9AA8;&#x8A66;&#x6599;&#x306B;&#x6BD4;&#x3079;&#x3001;&#x5931;&#x6557;&#x306E;&#x8CA0;&#x8377;&#x304C;&#x3042;&#x3063;&#x305F;&#x3002;&#x5E73;&#x5747;&#x9AA8;&#x5BC6;&#x5EA6;&#x3068;&#x9AA8;&#x6881;&#x69CB;&#x9020;&#x7570;&#x65B9;&#x6027;&#x9AA8;&#x8A66;&#x6599;&#x306E;&#x7FA4;&#x9593;&#x5DEE;&#x306F;&#x691C;&#x51FA;&#x3055;&#x308C;&#x306A;&#x304B;&#x3063;&#x305F;&#x3002;&#x7D50;&#x8AD6;&#x3068;&#x95A2;&#x9023;&#x5EA6;&#x306E;&#x81E8;&#x5E8A;&#x7D50;&#x679C;&#x99AC;&#x306E; BFS &#x3068;&#x9AA8;&#x6E1B;&#x5C11;&#x75C7;&#x3092;&#x6301;&#x3063;&#x3066;&#x3044;&#x305F;&#x3057;&#x3001;&#x6D77;&#x7DBF;&#x9AA8;&#x306E;&#x95A2;&#x6570;&#x306F;&#x3001;&#x9AA8;&#x306E;&#x5909;&#x5F62;&#x3068;&#x99AC;&#x306E;&#x958B;&#x767A;&#x75C5;&#x7684;&#x9AA8;&#x6298;&#x3068;&#x4E00;&#x8CAB;&#x6027;&#x304C;&#x4FB5;&#x5BB3;&#x3092;&#x63D0;&#x6848;&#x3057;&#x307E;&#x3057;&#x305F;&#x3002;&#x3053;&#x306E; BFS &#x306E;&#x52B9;&#x679C;&#x304C;&#x5168;&#x8EAB;&#x3001;&#x53EF;&#x80FD;&#x6027;&#x304C;&#x3042;&#x308A;&#x3001;&#x81E8;&#x5E8A;&#x7684;&#x306B;&#x5F71;&#x97FF;&#x3092;&#x53D7;&#x3051;&#x308B;&#x4EE5;&#x5916;&#x306E;&#x9AA8;&#x5909;&#x5316;&#x5F62;&#x614B;&#x3068;&#x6A5F;&#x68B0;&#x7684;&#x6027;&#x8CEA;&#x306B;&#x3044;&#x305F;&#x3002;

&#x6D77;&#x7DBF;&#x9AA8;&#x8A66;&#x6599;&#x306E;&#x6A5F;&#x68B0;&#x7684;&#x304A;&#x3088;&#x3073;&#x5F62;&#x614B;&#x5B66;&#x7684;&#x6027;&#x8CEA;&#x7B2C;&#x4E09;&#x4E2D;&#x624B;&#x9AA8;&#x9AA8;&#x8106;&#x5F31;&#x75C7;&#x5019;&#x7FA4;&#x3068;&#x99AC;&#x3068;&#x99AC;&#x306F;&#x3001;&#x75C7;&#x5019;&#x7FA4;&#x306B;&#x3088;&#x308B;&#x5F71;&#x97FF;&#x3092;&#x53D7;&#x3051;&#x306A;&#x3044;&#x306E;&#x907A;&#x4F53;&#x304B;&#x3089;&#x5F97;&#x3089;&#x308C;&#x307E;&#x3057;&#x305F;&#x3002;

&#xBAA9;&#xD45C;-&#xBF08; &#xCDE8;&#xC57D;&#xC131; &#xC99D;&#xD6C4;&#xAD70; (&#xB300;&#xAE08;, &#xADDC; &#xC0B0; &#xC5FC; &#xAD00;&#xB828; &#xACE8;&#xB2E4;&#xACF5;&#xC99D;&#xC744; &#xD3EC;&#xD568; &#xD55C;) &#xB9D0;&#xC758; &#xBC30;&#xC218; &#xBF08;&#xC758; &#xD615;&#xD0DC;&#xD559; &#xBC0F; &#xAE30;&#xACC4;&#xC801; &#xC18D;&#xC131;&#xC744; &#xD655;&#xC778; &#xD569;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;. 39 &#xB9D0;&#xC758; &#xC2DC;&#xCCB4; &#xC138; &#xBC88;&#xC9F8; &#xC190;&#xBC14;&#xB2E5; &#xBF08; &#xBF08;&#xC758; &#xC6D0;&#xC2EC; &#xCE21;&#xBA74;&#xC5D0;&#xC11C; &#xC0D8;&#xD50C; &#xC6D0;&#xD1B5;&#xD615; &#xBC30;&#xC218; &#xBF08; &#xC0D8;&#xD50C; (19 &#xB9C8;&#xB9AC;&#xB97C; &#xB300;&#xAE08; [&#xB300;&#xAE08; &#xBF08; &#xC0D8;&#xD50C;] &#xBC0F; [&#xCEE8;&#xD2B8;&#xB864; &#xBF08; &#xC0D8;&#xD50C;] &#xB300;&#xAE08; &#xC5C6;&#xC774; 20 &#xB9C8;&#xB9AC;). &#xC808;&#xCC28; &#xBF08; &#xC0D8;&#xD50C; &#xBF08; &#xBCFC;&#xB968; &#xBD84;&#xC218;;&#xC758; &#xACB0;&#xC815;&#xC5D0; &#xB300; &#xD55C; &#xB9C8;&#xC774;&#xD06C;&#xB85C;-CT&#xB97C; &#xD1B5;&#xD574; &#xBA87; &#xAD70;&#xB370; &#xC788;&#xC5C8;&#xB2E4; &#xBD84;&#xBA85; &#xD558; &#xACE0; &#xD3C9;&#xADE0; mineralized &#xBF08; &#xBC00;&#xB3C4;; &#xADF8;&#xB9AC;&#xACE0; &#xBC30;&#xC218; &#xBC88;&#xD638;, &#xB450;&#xAED8;, &#xBC0F; &#xBD84;&#xB9AC;&#xC785;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;. &#xBF08; &#xC0D8;&#xD50C; &#xBA85;&#xBC31;&#xD55C; &#xD0C4;&#xC131; &#xACC4;&#xC218;&#xC640; &#xC2A4;&#xD2B8;&#xB808;&#xC2A4;, &#xAE34;&#xC7A5;&#xACFC; &#xAD81;&#xADF9;, &#xC218;&#xC728;&#xC5D0; &#xB300; &#xD55C; &#xBCC0;&#xD615; &#xC5D0;&#xB108;&#xC9C0; &#xBC00;&#xB3C4;&#xC758; &#xACB0;&#xC815;&#xC5D0; &#xB300; &#xD55C; &#xC2E4;&#xD328;&#xB97C; &#xC555;&#xCD95; &#xD558; &#xACE0; &#xC2E4;&#xD328;&#xB97C; &#xB85C;&#xB4DC;. &#xB300;&#xAE08;&#xC758; &#xD6A8;&#xACFC; &#xBCC0;&#xC218;&#xC5D0; &#xB300; &#xB9D0;&#xC758; &#xB098;&#xC774; &#xACB0;&#xC815; &#xD588;&#xB2E4;. &#xACB0;&#xACFC;-&#xB300;&#xAE08; &#xBF08; &#xC0D8;&#xD50C; 25% &#xB354; &#xB0AE;&#xC740; &#xBF08; &#xBCFC;&#xB968; &#xBD84;&#xC218;, 28% &#xB0AE;&#xC740; &#xBA85;&#xBC31;&#xD55C; &#xBC00;&#xB3C4;, 18% &#xB0AE;&#xC740; &#xC81C;&#xC5B4; &#xBF08; &#xC0D8;&#xD50C; &#xB300; &#xBC30;&#xC218; &#xC218;&#xC640; &#xB450;&#xAED8;, &#xADF8;&#xB9AC;&#xACE0; 16% &#xB354; &#xD070; &#xBC30;&#xC218; &#xBD84;&#xB9AC;. &#xB300;&#xAE08; &#xBF08; &#xC0D8;&#xD50C; 22% &#xB0AE;&#xC740; &#xBA85;&#xBC31;&#xD55C; &#xACC4;&#xC218; &#xBC0F; 32 ~ 33% &#xB0AE;&#xC740; &#xC2A4;&#xD2B8;&#xB808;&#xC2A4;, 10% ~ 18% &#xB0AE;&#xC740; &#xAE34;&#xC7A5; &#xD558; &#xACE0; &#xD56D;&#xBCF5;, &#xAD81;&#xADF9;, 41 ~ 52% &#xB0AE;&#xC740; &#xBCC0;&#xD615; &#xC5D0;&#xB108;&#xC9C0; &#xBC00;&#xB3C4; &#xBC0F; &#xC81C;&#xC5B4; &#xBF08; &#xC0D8;&#xD50C;&#xACFC; &#xBE44;&#xAD50; &#xD558;&#xB294; &#xC624;&#xB958; &#xC911; &#xD588;&#xB2E4;. &#xBF08; &#xC0D8;&#xD50C; &#xADF8;&#xB8F9;&#xC758; &#xCC28;&#xC774;&#xC810;&#xC740; &#xBBF8;&#xB124;&#xB784; &#xBC00;&#xB3C4; &#xBC0F; &#xBC30;&#xC218; &#xC774;&#xBC29;&#xC131;&#xC5D0; &#xB300; &#xD55C; &#xAC80;&#xC0C9; &#xB418;&#xC9C0; &#xC54A;&#xC2B5;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;. &#xACB0;&#xB860; &#xBC0F; &#xC784;&#xC0C1; &#xAD00;&#xB828;&#xC131; &#xACB0;&#xACFC; &#xB300;&#xAE08;&#xACFC; &#xB9D0; osteopenia &#xD588;&#xB2E4; &#xBC30;&#xC218; &#xBF08; &#xAE30;&#xB2A5;, &#xBF08; &#xBCC0;&#xD615; &#xD558; &#xACE0; &#xC601;&#xD5A5;&#xC744; &#xBC1B;&#xB294; &#xB9D0;&#xC5D0;&#xC11C; &#xAC1C;&#xBC1C; &#xD558;&#xB294; &#xBCD1; &#xC801;&#xC778; &#xACE8;&#xC808;&#xACFC; &#xC77C;&#xCE58;&#xB97C; &#xC190;&#xC0C1; &#xC81C;&#xC548; &#xD588;&#xB2E4;. &#xD6A8;&#xACFC;&#xC774; &#xB300;&#xAE08;&#xC758; &#xCCB4;&#xACC4;, &#xC218; &#xC788;&#xC73C;&#xBA70; &#xC784;&#xC0C1; &#xC601;&#xD5A5;&#xC744; &#xC81C;&#xC678;&#xD55C; &#xBF08; &#xD615;&#xD0DC;&#xD559; &#xBC0F; &#xAE30;&#xACC4;&#xC801; &#xC18D;&#xC131;&#xC5D0; &#xBCC0;&#xACBD; &#xD588;&#xB2E4;.

&#xBC30;&#xC218; &#xBF08; &#xC0D8;&#xD50C;&#xC758; &#xAE30;&#xACC4;&#xC801; &#xBC0F; &#xD615;&#xD0DC;&#xD559; &#xC18D;&#xC131; &#xC138; &#xBC88;&#xC9F8; &#xC190;&#xBC14;&#xB2E5; &#xBF08; &#xBF08; &#xBF08; &#xCDE8;&#xC57D;&#xC131; &#xC99D;&#xD6C4;&#xAD70; &#xB9D0;&#xACFC; &#xADF8; &#xC99D;&#xD6C4;&#xAD70;&#xC5D0; &#xC758;&#xD574; &#xC601;&#xD5A5;&#xC744; &#xBC1B;&#xC9C0; &#xC54A;&#xB294; &#xB9D0;&#xC758; &#xC2DC;&#xC2E0;&#xC5D0;&#xC11C;&#xC5D0;&#xC11C; &#xC5BB;&#xC740;.

Objetivo-para determinar las propiedades morfol&oacute;gicas y mec&aacute;nicas del hueso trabecular de caballos con un s&iacute;ndrome de fragilidad &oacute;sea (BFS; incluyendo osteoporosis asociada a silicato). Las muestras de hueso trabecular muestra cil&iacute;ndrica de lo distal de los huesos tercer metacarpianos cadav&eacute;ricos de 39 caballos (19 caballos con un BFS [BFS hueso muestras] y 20 caballos sin un BFS [muestras de huesos de control]). Muestras de procedimientos-huesos fueron reflejadas mediante micro-CT para la determinaci&oacute;n de la fracci&oacute;n de volumen de hueso; densidad aparente y medio hueso mineralizado; y n&uacute;mero trabecular, grueso y separaci&oacute;n. Muestras de huesos se comprimieron a fallo en la determinaci&oacute;n del m&oacute;dulo de elasticidad aparente y tensiones, cepas y densidades de energ&iacute;a de tensi&oacute;n para rendimiento, ultimate, y cargas de falla. Se determinaron los efectos de BFS y edad de los caballos sobre variables. Muestras de huesos de resultados-BFS ten&iacute;an fracci&oacute;n de volumen de hueso menor de 25%, 28% menos de densidad aparente, 18% menos trabecular n&uacute;mero y grueso y 16% mayor trabecular separaci&oacute;n frente a muestras de huesos de control. Las muestras de hueso BFS ten&iacute;an 22% inferiores aparentes m&oacute;dulo y 32% a 33% menores estr&eacute;s, cepas menores de 10% a 18% y 41% a 52% menores densidades de energ&iacute;a de tensi&oacute;n en rendimiento, ultimate y cargas de falla, en comparaci&oacute;n con muestras de huesos de control. No se detectaron diferencias entre grupos de muestras de huesos de media densidad mineral y anisotrop&iacute;a trabecular. Conclusiones y relevancia-resultados cl&iacute;nicos sugirieron que caballos con un BFS ten&iacute;an osteopenia y hab&iacute;a comprometida funci&oacute;n de hueso trabecular, consistente con la deformaci&oacute;n &oacute;sea y fracturas patol&oacute;gicas que se desarrollan en los caballos afectados. Los efectos de este BFS pueden ser sist&eacute;micas y huesos sean cl&iacute;nicamente afectados ten&iacute;an cambios en caracter&iacute;sticas morfol&oacute;gicas y mec&aacute;nicas.

Propiedades mec&aacute;nicas y morfol&oacute;gicas de las muestras de hueso trabecular obtienen terceros metacarpianos huesos de cad&aacute;veres de caballos con un s&iacute;ndrome de fragilidad &oacute;sea y caballos afectados por ese s&iacute;ndrome.

Rachel Entwistle

Division of Engineering

Mayo Clinic

Proximal Cadaveric Femur Preparation for Fracture Strength Testing and Quantitative CT-based Finite Element Analysis

Method and Instrumented Fixture for Femoral Fracture Testing in a Sideways Fall-on-the-Hip Position

Rachel Entwistle

.css-o250i3{font-size:18px;font-family:Open Sans,sans-serif;line-height:21.6px;}Division of Engineering

Mayo Clinic

Proximal Cadaveric Femur Preparation for Fracture Strength Testing and Quantitative CT-based Finite Element Analysis

Method and Instrumented Fixture for Femoral Fracture Testing in a Sideways Fall-on-the-Hip Position

Division of Engineering