murine-myocardial-infarction-model-using-permanent-ligation-left

Murine Myocardial Infarction Model using Permanent Ligation of Left Anterior Descending Coronary Artery

Myocardial infarction (MI) and acute coronary diseases are among the most prominent causes of death in population with western lifestyle. The murine ...

Lausanne University

Antegrade and retrograde doxorubicin-based isolated lung perfusions were compared in rodents bearing a sarcomatous tumor in the perfused lung. Inasmuch as these tumors derive their vascularization from the bronchial artery system, we hypothesized that retrograde isolated lung perfusion through the pulmonary vein might result in an improved tumor drug uptake.

Antegrade versus retrograde isolated lung perfusion: doxorubicin uptake and distribution in a sarcoma model.

We assessed end-diastolic right ventricular (RV) dimensions and left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction by use of intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography before and after surgical correction of pectus excavatum in adults.

Cardiac function assessed by transesophageal echocardiography during pectus excavatum repair.

Lobectomy via video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) is now considered as a valid alternative to conventional thoracotomy for early-stage primary lung cancer. Various studies have reported that VATS lobectomy is a safe technique associated with fewer postoperative complications and better post-operative recovery than open thoracotomy. Furthermore, studies suggest oncological equivalence between VATS and open lobectomy.

[VATS lobectomy for early-stage primary lung cancer].

Solid tumors are known to have an abnormal vasculature that limits the distribution of chemotherapy. We have recently shown that tumor vessel modulation by low-dose photodynamic therapy (L-PDT) could improve the uptake of macromolecular chemotherapeutic agents such as liposomal doxorubicin (Liporubicin) administered subsequently. However, how this occurs is unknown. Convection, the main mechanism for drug transport between the intravascular and extravascular spaces, is mostly related to interstitial fluid pressure (IFP) and tumor blood flow (TBF). Here, we determined the changes of tumor and surrounding lung IFP and TBF before, during, and after vascular L-PDT. We also evaluated the effect of these changes on the distribution of Liporubicin administered intravenously (IV) in a lung sarcoma metastasis model.

Low-Dose Vascular Photodynamic Therapy Decreases Tumor Interstitial Fluid Pressure, which Promotes Liposomal Doxorubicin Distribution in a Murine Sarcoma Metastasis Model.

Due to the underlying diseases and the need for immunosuppression, patients after lung transplantation are particularly at risk for gastrointestinal (GI) complications that may negatively influence long-term outcome. The present study assessed the incidences and impact of GI complications after lung transplantation and aimed to identify risk factors.

Incidence and Risk Factors of Abdominal Complications After Lung Transplantation.

Ex-vivo lung perfusion (EVLP) can be used to extend overall lung preservation time by splitting one long cold ischaemic time into two shorter ones and interposing an additional EVLP time. We assessed the outcomes after clinical transplantation of lungs with more than 12 h of preservation time.

Outcomes after transplantation of lungs preserved for more than 12 h: a retrospective study.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a frequently occurring disease, yet diagnosed at a local stage in only 40% of cases. Lung metastases (LM) appear in 5-15% of patients and, left untreated, carry a very poor prognosis. Some CRC patients may benefit from a potentially curative LM resection, but success and benefit are difficult to predict. We discuss prognostic factors of survival after lung metastasectomy in CRC patients under several scenarios (with/ without prior liver metastases; repetitive pulmonary resections). We reviewed all studies (2005-2015) about pulmonary metastases surgical management with curative intent in CRC patients, with a minimum threshold on the number of patients reported (without prior liver metastases: n ≥ 100; with prior resection of liver metastases: n ≥ 50; repetitive thoracic surgery: n ≥ 30). The picture of the prognostic factors of survival is nuanced: surgical management demonstrates clear successes and steady progress, yet there is no single success criterion; stratification of patients and selection bias impact the conclusions. Surgical management of liver and lung metastases may prolong life or cure CRC patients, provided the lesions are fully resected and patients carefully selected. Repeat lung metastasectomy is a safe approach to treat patients in selected cases. In conclusion, there is no standard for surgical management in CRC patients with pulmonary metastases. Patients with isolated unilateral lung metastasis with normal CEA level and no lymph node involvement benefit the most from surgery. Most series report good results in highly selected patients, but instances of long-term disease-free survival remain exceptional.

Surgical treatment of pulmonary metastasis in colorectal cancer patients: Current practice and results.

Complications following lung transplantation may impede allograft function and threaten patient survival. The five main complications after lung transplantation are primary graft dysfunction, post-surgical complications, alloimmune responses, infections, and malignancy. Primary graft dysfunction, a transient ischemic/reperfusion injury, appears as a pulmonary edema in almost every patient during the first three days post-surgery. Post-surgical dysfunction could be depicted on computed tomography (CT), such as bronchial anastomosis dehiscence, bronchial stenosis and bronchomalacia, pulmonary artery stenosis, and size mismatch. Alloimmune responses represent acute rejection or chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD). CLAD has three different forms (bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome, restrictive allograft syndrome, acute fibrinoid organizing pneumonia) that could be differentiated on CT. Infections are different depending on their time of occurrence. The first post-operative month is mostly associated with bacterial and fungal pathogens. From the second to sixth months, viral pneumonias and fungal and parasitic opportunistic infections are more frequent. Different patterns according to the type of infection exist on CT. Malignancy should be depicted and corresponded principally to post-transplantation lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD). In this review, we describe specific CT signs of these five main lung transplantation complications and their time of occurrence to improve diagnosis, follow-up, medical management, and to correlate these findings with pathology results. KEY POINTS: • The five main complications are primary graft dysfunction, surgical, alloimmune, infectious, and malignancy complications. • CT identifies anomalies in the setting of unspecific symptoms of lung transplantation complications. • Knowledge of the specific CT signs can allow a prompt diagnosis. • CT signs maximize the yield of bronchoscopy, transbronchial biopsy, and bronchoalveolar lavage. • Radiopathological correlation helps to understand CT signs after lung transplantation complications.

Radiological findings of complications after lung transplantation.

The surgical treatment of myasthenia gravis involves the complete resection of the thymus and the mediastinal fat between the two phrenic nerves. This procedure has been shown to have a positive impact on the rate of remission. In this video tutorial we illustrate the technical aspects of radical thymectomy using a left thoracoscopic approach.

Thoracoscopic thymectomy using a left-side approach.

Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 blockade can restore tumour-specific T-cell immunity and is an emerging therapy in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We investigated the correlation between F-FDG PET/CT-based markers and tumour tissue expression of PD-L1, necrosis and clinical outcome in patients receiving checkpoint inhibitor treatment.

Thorsten Krueger

Service of Thoracic Surgery,
Department of Surgery and Anesthesiology Services,
Lausanne University Hospital and Faculty of Biology and Medicine,
Service of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery and Anesthesiology Services, Lausanne University Hospital and Faculty of Biology and Medicine

Lausanne University

Murine Myocardial Infarction Model using Permanent Ligation of Left Anterior Descending Coronary Artery