Filtration is a physical separation process that involves passing a suspension through a porous medium to separate solids from fluids. During filtration, solids collect on the porous medium while liquids, also collectively known as the filtrate, pass through. The filtration medium is selected based on the filtration purpose, quantity, and nature of the precipitate. The general criteria for a suitable filtering medium are that it is inert, mechanically strong, nonabsorbent toward dissolved materials and permissive toward rapid filtration.

The simplest filtration apparatus consists of filter paper fitted in a long-stemmed funnel sitting above a beaker. The solution to be filtered is poured down a glass rod onto the filter paper. The filtrate is collected in the beaker, and the solid is retained on the filter paper. Any solid that adheres to the glass rod or the beaker with the original solution is dislodged using a rubber policeman. Because filter paper is hygroscopic, ashless or low-ash filter paper is preferred when weighing is required. Ashless filter paper is also employed in gravimetric procedures that involve igniting the solids before weighing.

Alternatively, the solid can be collected in glass or silica crucibles containing a porous glass disc. The solid is transferred to the crucible fitted into a Buchner flask, and filtration is performed under suction. After filtration, the crucible is dried and weighed directly. The weight difference of the crucible before and after filtration gives the mass of the collected solid.

Tags
FiltrationPhysical SeparationPorous MediumSolidsFluidsFiltrateFiltering MediumFilter PaperFiltration ApparatusSuction FiltrationGravimetric ProceduresAshless Filter PaperBuchner FlaskRubber Policeman

Du chapitre 4:

article

Now Playing

4.3 : Filtration

Introduction to Separation Methods

627 Vues

article

4.1 : États de la matière et changements de phase

Introduction to Separation Methods

803 Vues

article

4.2 : Distillation : équilibres vapeur-liquide

Introduction to Separation Methods

2.4K Vues

article

4.4 : Centrifugation

Introduction to Separation Methods

1.8K Vues

article

4.5 : Sublimation

Introduction to Separation Methods

637 Vues

article

4.6 : Recristallisation : équilibres solide-solution

Introduction to Separation Methods

881 Vues

article

4.7 : Croissance cristalline : principes de cristallisation

Introduction to Separation Methods

1.2K Vues

article

4.8 : Précipitations et co-précipitations

Introduction to Separation Methods

1.4K Vues

article

4.9 : Coagulation

Introduction to Separation Methods

197 Vues

article

4.10 : Électrodéposition

Introduction to Separation Methods

278 Vues

article

4.11 : Extraction : coefficients de partage et de distribution

Introduction to Separation Methods

1.3K Vues

article

4.12 : Extraction : effets du pH

Introduction to Separation Methods

277 Vues

article

4.13 : Extraction : méthodes avancées

Introduction to Separation Methods

255 Vues

article

4.14 : Chromatographie : Introduction

Introduction to Separation Methods

2.3K Vues

article

4.15 : Dialyse

Introduction to Separation Methods

473 Vues

See More

JoVE Logo

Confidentialité

Conditions d'utilisation

Politiques

Recherche

Enseignement

À PROPOS DE JoVE

Copyright © 2025 MyJoVE Corporation. Tous droits réservés.