<h2 class="jove_title"><a href="https://www.jove.com/video/53639">Assessment and Communication for People with Disorders of Consciousness</a></h2>Rupert Ortner1, Brendan Z. Allison1, Gerald Pichler2, Alexander Heilinger3, Nikolaus Sabathiel1, Christoph Guger1,31<a href='/institutions/EU-Europe/AT-Austria/26131-Guger-Technologies-OG'>Guger Technologies OG</a>, 2<a href='/institutions/EU-Europe/AT-Austria/26132-Albert-Schweitzer-Hospital-Graz'>Albert Schweitzer Hospital Graz</a>, 3<a href='/institutions/EU-Europe/AT-Austria/26134-g.tec-Medical-Engineering-GmbH'>g.tec Medical Engineering GmbH</a>With this experiment, one might be able to detect consciousness in people with disorders of consciousness. Furthermore, the approach can create a simple communication channel that enables people to give simple YES/NO answers to questions.<h2 class="jove_title"><a href="https://www.jove.com/video/56059">Protocol for Assessing the Relative Effects of Environment and Genetics on Antler and Body Growth for a Long-lived Cervid</a></h2>Eric S. Michel1,2, Emily B. Flinn1, Stephen Demarais1, Bronson K. Strickland1, Guiming Wang1, Chad M. Dacus31<a href='/institutions/NA-North-America/US-United-States/MS-Mississippi/1601-Mississippi-State-University'>Department of Wildlife, Fisheries and Aquaculture, Mississippi State University</a>, 2<a href='/institutions/NA-North-America/US-United-States/SD-South-Dakota/25912-South-Dakota-State-University'>Department of Natural Resource Management, South Dakota State University</a>, 3<a href='/institutions/NA-North-America/US-United-States/MS-Mississippi/25914-Mississippi-Department-of-Wildlife,-Fisheries-and-Parks'>Mississippi Department of Wildlife, Fisheries and Parks</a>Phenotypic differences among cervid populations may be related to population-level genetics or nutrition; discerning which is difficult in the wild. This protocol describes how we designed a controlled study where nutritional variation was eliminated. We found that phenotypic variation of male white-tailed deer was more limited by nutrition than genetics.<h2 class="jove_title"><a href="https://www.jove.com/video/56214">Multi-Photon Time Lapse Imaging to Visualize Development in Real-time: Visualization of Migrating Neural Crest Cells in Zebrafish Embryos</a></h2>Antionette L. Williams, Brenda L. Bohnsack<a href='/institutions/NA-North-America/US-United-States/MI-Michigan/1888-University-of-Michigan,-Ann-Arbor'>Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan</a>A combination of the advanced optical techniques of laser scanning microscopy with long wavelength multi-photon fluorescence excitation was implemented to capture high-resolution, three-dimensional, real-time imaging of neural crest migration in Tg(sox10:EGFP) and Tg(foxd3:GFP) zebrafish embryos.<h2 class="jove_title"><a href="https://www.jove.com/video/55957">Microfluidic Bioprinting for Engineering Vascularized Tissues and Organoids</a></h2>Yu Shrike Zhang1, Qingmeng Pi1,2, Anne Metje van Genderen1,31<a href='/institutions/NA-North-America/US-United-States/MA-Massachusetts/25670-Harvard-Medical-School'>Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School</a>, 2<a href='/institutions/AS-Asia/CN-China/25799-Shanghai-Jiao-Tong-University-School-of-Medicine'>Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine</a>, 3<a href='/institutions/EU-Europe/NL-Netherlands/25622-Utrecht-University'>Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University</a>We provide a generalized protocol based on a microfluidic bioprinting strategy for engineering a microfibrous vascular bed, where a secondary cell type could be further seeded into the interstitial space of this microfibrous structure to generate vascularized tissues and organoids.

jove monthly highlights: august 2017

Here's a look at what's coming up in the August 2017 issue of <a href="https://www.jove.com/">JoVE: The World's Premier Video Journal</a>
We begin this month with an endearing study from <a href="https://www.jove.com/biology">JoVE Biology</a>, as <a href="https://www.jove.com/video/56059/protocol-for-assessing-relative-effects-environment-genetics-on">our Authors</a> describe a protocol to determine the effects of environment and genetics on white-tailed deer development. The researchers captured fawns and pregnant females at several distinct physiographic regions in Mississippi, and then relocated the animals to a controlled habitat. Under standardized environmental conditions, the body mass and antler size of the deer was recorded over two generations. The results showed that the phenotypic variation of deer is more strongly related to nutritional factors than population-level genetics.
From creatures great to creatures small, our next video highlight from <a href="https://www.jove.com/biology">JoVE Biology</a> looks at zebrafish neural crest development. Here, <a href="https://www.jove.com/video/56214/multi-photon-time-lapse-imaging-to-visualize-development-real-time">our Authors</a> use live embryos to track migrating stem cells in real-time. The zebrafish is an emerging model for such studies due to the similarity of their eye development to their mammalian counterparts. Using multi-photon time-lapse imaging, real-time videos of developing zebrafish eyes can help scientists understand how disruptions in the development of the neural crest can cause congenital eye and craniofacial anomalies. This technique can also be applied to visualizing the development of other tissues. 
Our next video article also explores the generation of new tissues - but artificially. In <a href="https://www.jove.com/bioengineering">JoVE Bioengineering</a>, <a href="https://www.jove.com/video/55957/microfluidic-bioprinting-for-engineering-vascularized-tissues">our Authors</a> showcase their method for engineering vascularized tissues and organoids. Using a novel variation of microfluidic bioprinting, the researchers create a microfibrous scaffold that can be populated by epithelial cells. Over a period of several days, these encapsulated cells can form lumen-like structures, which resemble vasculature. This endothelialized scaffold can then be used as a vascular bed, and seeding with secondary cell types can produce new vascularized tissue. And I can't even get my printer to connect to wifi. 
Finally this month, <a href="https://www.jove.com/neuro">JoVE Neuroscience</a> highlights promising developments for patients with disorders of consciousness. Here, <a href="https://www.jove.com/video/53639/assessment-communication-for-people-with-disorders">our Authors</a> demonstrate a suite of hybrid Brain-Computer interface-based paradigms that can assess the level of consciousness of people unable to provide motor response and then establish communication. Using electroencephalography, to monitor brain activity, the researchers presented tasks requiring patients to concentrate on certain stimuli or movements. In multiple cases, the data showed that patients were able to complete the assignments, giving hope for clear channels of communication in the near future.
You've just had a sneak peek of the August 2017 issue of <a href="http://www.jove.com/">JoVE</a>. Visit the website to see the full-length articles, plus many more, in JoVE: The World's Premier Video Journal.

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JoVE Monthly Highlights: August 2017

Here's a look at what's coming up in the August 2017 issue of JoVE: The World's Premier Video Journal
We begin this month with an endearing study from ...

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August 2012: This Month in JoVE

Traditional microscopy requires lens objectives to magnify specimens, and can involve numerous optical components like additional objectives, filters, and mirrors to refract and direct light to optical sensors. The August 2012 issue of JoVE (Journal of Visualized Experiments) is marked by the third publication from the Ozcan Lab (University of California, Los Angeles) on their lens free lens-free "on-chip" microscopy platform, which they have pioneered.
Back in 2009, the Ozcan lab published their first article, which demonstrated the use of a lens-free imaging platform that could image cells within whole blood. This imaging technique involves placing a sample directly on an optoelectric sensor array, like the CCD or CMOS chips found in the standard camcorder. Then, LED illumination from above the sample casts shadows on the chip, which are recorded as digital holograms that can be subjected to image processing. Not only does this lensless imaging system allow for an extremely large field of view (FOV of 0.6-8 cm2), the lack of bulky optical components makes it excellent for microfluidic applications. The Ozcan group demonstrates this in their follow-up 2011 JoVE article, in which fluorescently labeled white blood cells are imaged within a microfluidic chip.
This August in JoVE, the Ozcan group demonstrates further advancements to their lens-free microscopy platform by applying it to tomographic imaging of the nematode, C. elegans. By changing the angle of illumination, using a motorized rotation stage, the Ozcan group shows how multiple holographic slices may be generated for a sample-which, following processing, can be combined into tomograms. The Ozcan group confirms that their 3D reconstruction of the worm is successful by citing that the pharyngeal tube, a 5-micron-thick structure, is only visible in a single slice and in a 3D reconstructed cross section.
The compact and inexpensive nature of the lens-free imaging systems - designed and assembled by the Ozcan group - make them well suited for point-of-care diagnostic applications, or even cell phone based microscopy that can be performed in the field.
At the Ernest Gallo Clinic and Research Center at University of California, San Francisco JoVE learns how to visualize morphological changes in single cells using three-dimensional fluorescence microscopy and computer analysis. In this procedure, cells are given agonist, antagonist plus agonist, or no treatment, and prepared for immunofluorescence microscopy. Three-dimensional images are acquired with the help of a two-photon laser system, and the fluorescence data are processed on the computer using Imaris and Matlab.
To demonstrate the power of this technique, our authors quantify single-cell phenotypic changes in transfected HEK293 cells. Three-dimensional morphometric analysis shows dramatic changes in cells treated with agonist. These changes are not always apparent when using conventional 2D analysis. This technique allows morphological changes in single cells to be quantified and characterized in response to pharmacologic stimuli, offering a powerful new assessment tool to the arsenal of drug discovery research.
This month, in JoVE Applied Physics, we travel to South Carolina to visit the School of Materials Science and Engineering at Clemson University. Here, researchers show us how to construct lithium batteries for laboratory research.
The basic components of a lithium coin cell are the working electrode, the lithium electrolyte, and a lithium foil counter electrode. The different components of the coin cell are carefully assembled and sealed with a crimping machine. The finished coin cell can then be characterized in a battery tester. Using their homemade coin cells, our researchers can experiment with using different materials to make the cathodes of lithium coin cells.
This month in JoVE Immunology and Infection, we head to Basel, Switzerland to witness two techniques for diagnosing helminth infections. We also see how investigators perform the shuttle run test in children, in order to assess the effects of these infections on physical fitness.
Helminths are parasitic worms that can live inside humans and animals. Many species infect the intestinal tract, and may be transmitted through soil. Our authors demonstrate the Kato-Katz technique, which is used for diagnosing several common soil-transmitted helminths. They also demonstrate the Baermann technique, which uses light to stimulate the migration of certain types of phototactic helminths out of sample preparations. The various types of helminth species can subsequently be determined based on morphology.
Our authors then demonstrate how to set up and perform a 20-meter shuttle run test for children, and to measure the impact of helminth infections on physical fitness. This method can help determine the true burden of soil-transmitted helminth infections on overall health.
This brief summary highlights but a few notable video-articles that will be released in August. We'll also feature articles that demonstrate how to express genes in the midbrain of the chick embryo, study neutrophil transmigration in parallel flow chambers lined with endothelial cells, and precisely measure proteolytic degradation of the extracellular matrix.

Traditional microscopy requires lens objectives to magnify specimens, and can involve numerous optical components like additional objectives, filters, and mirrors to refract and direct light to optical sensors. The August 2012 issue of JoVE (Journal of Visualized Experiments) is marked by the third publication from the Ozcan Lab (University of California, Los Angeles) on their lens-free "on-chip" microscopy platform, which they have pioneered.

Août 2012: Ce mois-ci dans JoVE

Traditional microscopy requires lens objectives to magnify specimens, and can involve numerous optical components like additional objectives, filters, and ...

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2012: A Year In Review

Here's a look at some of the milestones and highlights of the year 2012 in Journal of Visualized Experiments (JoVE).
At the start of 2012, JoVE reached a major milestone by publishing our 1500th article. In this publication, in JoVE Bioengineering, Yu et al. described a method for analyzing the free radical composition of cigarette smoke. This method simulated cigarette puffing with a single-port smoking device, and combined it with electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy to measure the degree to which antioxidant compounds can scavenge free radicals in cigarette smoke. A possible outcome of this research is the creation of less harmful cigarettes.
JoVE Bioengineering also contained the most-viewed article of 2012. Owczarczak et al. described a method for hacking a standard inkjet printer, loading ink cartridges with a cell-suspension "bioink," and printing lines of live cells onto glass slides. The thermal inkjet printing process creates temporary pores in the cell membrane, visualized by the incorporation of fluorescently labeled actin monomers. This concept, called "bioprinting," has many potential applications in cell and tissue engineering.
Also in 2012, JoVE Bioengineering featured a protocol by Hsia et al. for isolating and purifying spider silk protein, spinning it into fibers, and assessing the fiber strength. This protocol for laboratory-scale production of spider silk, which is stronger than tensile steel, can potentially be extended to large-scale manufacturing.
In JoVE Clinical and Translational Medicine, we featured a number of articles related to stroke, one of which. In one article, M&ouml;bius-Winkler et al. demonstrated placement of the WATCHMAN left atrial appendage occlusion device from Boston Scientific. This device is designed to prevent strokes by trapping clots within the left atrial appendage of the heart before they exit. Our authors demonstrated how to insert the guide wire through the femoral artery into the heart, advance the device into the left atrium, and deploy the device in the left atrial appendage.
Another article focused on stroke, Hamel et al. described the use of a driving simulator to study how patients compensate for visual field defects following stroke. By analyzing the compensatory gaze behavior of patients as they navigated through virtual driving courses with varying degrees of complexity, our authors see great potential for the use of driving simulators in stroke rehabilitation.
In JoVE Immunology and Infection, we published an article by Keyel et al. describing the real-time kinetics of immune cell responses to bacterial toxins using live cell microscopy. Combined with high-speed 3D confocal microscopy, this technique can also visualize the cellular repair response.
Also in JoVE Immunology and Infection, we featured an article by Yap et al. describing methods for diagnosing helminth infections in children. Helminths are parasitic worms that can infect the intestinal tract of humans and animals, and may be distinguished based on their morphology. The same article demonstrated how to measure the impact of helminth infections on physical fitness in children, which is a measure of overall health.
In JoVE Neuroscience, we featured a method by Hoffmann et al., who used tiny headphones to alter the auditory feedback in songbirds, and analyzed the computational and neurophysiological basis of vocal learning in birds when they adjust their singing in response to altered acoustic signals.
Also in JoVE Neuroscience, we moved from birds to bees with a method that assesses associative and non-associative tactile learning in honeybees. This method, by Mujagi&#263; et al., allowed bees to scan different metal surfaces with their antennae, then conditioned them to expect sugar water when their antennae touched particular surfaces, and analyzed the corresponding changes in antennal movement.
In 2012, we launched a brand-new section: JoVE Applied Physics, which features articles on subjects ranging from plasma physics to material science. The Applied Physics section also contained JoVE's 2000th video article, filmed in a synchrotron radiation facility, where Borisenko et al. showed how to determine the electronic structure of complex materials using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy.
In the JoVE General section, we published an article by Artioli et al. demonstrating the use of a portable gas analyzer to measure oxygen consumption during complex exercise - such as judo. By analyzing oxygen consumption and collecting blood for measuring plasma lactate concentration, this method can determine the relative contributions of different energy systems to specific aspects of complex exercise.
Finally, JoVE followed Dolhi et al. to a permanently ice-covered saline lake in Antarctica. There, scientists drilled through the ice to study single-celled microorganisms called protists that live in the harsh conditions of Antarctica.
This Year in Review was just a brief glimpse of a few of over 600 video articles that JoVE offered in 2012. Browse the JoVE archives to see thousands of other videos, and stay tuned for what's coming up this year in JoVE: The Journal of Visualized Experiments.

Here's a look at some of the milestones and highlights of the year 2012 in Journal of Visualized Experiments (JoVE).

2012: Une année en revue

 
 
Here's a look at some of the milestones and highlights of the year 2012 in Journal of Visualized Experiments (JoVE).
At the start of 2012, JoVE ...