Chapter 25
Insulin and Hypoglycemic Drugs
גלוקוז הומאוסטזיס: רגולציה של גלוקוז בדם
Carbohydrates consumed through foods are converted into glucose, a crucial energy source for the body.
In the prandial state, high blood glucose levels ...
הומאוסטזיס גלוקוז: איי לבלב והפרשת אינסולין
The pancreas comprises highly vascularized and innervated pancreatic islets, encompassing α, β, δ, PP, and ε endocrine cells.
Amongst ...
אינסולין: הקולטן ומסלולי האיתות
The insulin receptor belongs to the receptor tyrosine kinase family. It comprises disulfide-linked α/β dimers, forming a transmembrane ...
פתופיזיולוגיה של סוכרת
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia.
The two most common types of diabetes mellitus are type 1 and type 2.
...
סוכרת: תסמינים, אבחון וסיבוכים
Diabetes can be initially identified based on symptoms.
Hyperglycemic patients may present common symptoms, including polyuria, polydipsia, fatigue, and ...
סוכרת: ניהול ופרמקותרפיה
The goals of diabetes therapy include glycemic control, alleviating hyperglycemia-related symptoms, and preventing or reducing chronic end-organ ...
אינסולין: ביוסינתזה, כימיה והכנה
The pancreatic β-cell's endoplasmic reticulum synthesizes preproinsulin comprising a signal peptide, B and A chains, and a C-peptide. The ...
פורמולציות אינסולין: סוגים ואספקה
Insulin preparations, based on their duration of action, are categorized as short-acting and long-acting.
Short-acting regular insulin forms hexamers, ...
אינסולין: משטר מינון ותופעות לוואי
Insulin dosage regimens generally include a mixture of analogs given as daily injections. Typically, most patients are prescribed long and short-acting ...
סוכני היפוגליקמיה אוראליים: Sulfonylureas
Sulfonylureas are a class of insulin secretagogues. They are used as oral hypoglycemic agents for managing Type 2 diabetes.
Structurally, these drugs ...
סוכני היפוגליקמיה אוראליים: Biguanides ו Glitazones
Biguanides are insulin sensitizers that enhance glucose uptake, reducing insulin resistance.
Unlike sulfonylureas, they do not stimulate insulin ...
סוכני היפוגליקמיה אוראליים: גלינידים
Glinides are insulin secretagogues that trigger insulin release from β cells by inhibiting KATP channels and controlling potassium efflux.
They share ...
סוכני היפוגליקמיה דרך הפה: מעכבי α-גלוקוזידאז
α-glucosidase inhibitors impede intestinal α-glucosidase enzymes, delaying the digestion of starch and disaccharides. This effectively curtails ...
אגוניסטים לקולטן דמוי גלוקגון
Oral glucose intake triggers gut hormones like GLP-1 and GIP called incretins, which stimulate insulin secretion.
Both GLPs and glucagon originate from ...
מעכבי דיפפטידיל פפטידאז 4
Dipeptidyl peptidase 4, or DPP-4 inhibitors, called gliptins inhibit incretin hormone inactivation.
These drugs bind to DPP-4, increasing the levels ...
היפוגליקמיה וגלוקגון
Without prolonged fasting, healthy individuals maintain blood glucose levels >80 mg/dL due to a well-adapted neuroendocrine system.
However, ...
Copyright © 2025 MyJoVE Corporation. All rights reserved