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An analytical methodology can be divided into four sequential steps: technique, method, procedure, and protocol. A technique is a scientific principle that rationalizes a specific phenomenon through chemical measurements. Adapting a technique for analyzing a sample of interest is termed a method. The procedure outlines the directions for performing the analysis via an analytical method. The protocol is the detailed guidelines on the procedure, which should be strictly followed to obtain the desired results.

Analytical methods can be categorized into classical and instrumental methods. Classical analytical methods use wet chemical processes, such as precipitation, extraction, or distillation, to separate the component of interest (analyte) from the rest of the materials (matrix) in a sample. Instrumental analytical methods use instruments to measure the physical properties of an analyte, such as conductivity, electrode potential, mass-to-charge ratio, and absorption or emission of light. An analytical method is chosen based on the required accuracy, precision, sensitivity, selectivity, robustness, ruggedness, scale of operation, analysis time, availability of the equipment, and cost.

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Analytical MethodologyTechniqueMethodProcedureProtocolClassical MethodsInstrumental MethodsWet Chemical ProcessesAnalytePhysical PropertiesAccuracyPrecisionSensitivitySelectivityRobustnessCost

From Chapter 9:

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9.1 : Development of Analytical Methods

Method Development and Sampling Techniques

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9.2 : Quality Control

Method Development and Sampling Techniques

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9.3 : Quality Assurance

Method Development and Sampling Techniques

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9.4 : Data Validation

Method Development and Sampling Techniques

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9.5 : Qualitative Analysis

Method Development and Sampling Techniques

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9.6 : Quantitative Analysis

Method Development and Sampling Techniques

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9.7 : Instrument Calibration

Method Development and Sampling Techniques

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9.8 : Glassware Calibration

Method Development and Sampling Techniques

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9.9 : Standard Solutions

Method Development and Sampling Techniques

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9.10 : Blank Solutions

Method Development and Sampling Techniques

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9.11 : Sampling Methods: Overview

Method Development and Sampling Techniques

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9.12 : Sampling Methods: Sample Types

Method Development and Sampling Techniques

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9.13 : Sampling Plans

Method Development and Sampling Techniques

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9.14 : Sample Preparation for Analysis: Overview

Method Development and Sampling Techniques

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9.15 : Sample Preparation for Analysis: Advanced Techniques

Method Development and Sampling Techniques

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