אנו מודים Emeka Ifedigbo לקבלת סיוע טכני ד&quot;ר Shivraj Tyagi עבור המומחיות יקר. כמו כן, אנו מודים מרכז NeuroDiscovery הרווארד לסיוע עם מיקרוסקופ. עבודה זו נתמכה בחלקה על ידי איגוד הלב האמריקני Predoctoral מענק 09PRE2250120 אל הילר לם, ו-NIH מענקים, R01-HL60234, R01-HL55330, R01-HL079904, הוענק AMK צ&#39;וי.

<ol>
	<li>You, Y., Richer, E. J., Huang, T., Brody, S. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Growth+and+differentiation+of+mouse+tracheal+epithelial+cells:+selection+of+a+proliferative+population.">Growth and differentiation of mouse tracheal epithelial cells: selection of a proliferative population.</a> Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell Mol. Physiol. 283, L1315-L1320 (2002).</li><li>Davidson, D. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Murine+epithelial+cells:+isolation+and+culture.">Murine epithelial cells: isolation and culture.</a> J. Cyst. Fibros. 2, 59-62 (2004).</li><li>Davidson, D. J., Kilanowski, F. M., Randell, S. H., Sheppard, D. N., Dorin, J. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+primary+culture+model+of+differentiated+murine+tracheal+epithelium.">A primary culture model of differentiated murine tracheal epithelium.</a> Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell Mol. Physiol. 279, L766-L778 (2000).</li><li>Rabe, K. F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=et+al.;+Global+Initiative+for+Chronic+Obstructive+Lung+Disease.+Global+strategy+for+the+diagnosis,+management,+and+prevention+of+chronic+obstructive+pulmonary+disease:+GOLD+executive+summary.">et al.; Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease. Global strategy for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: GOLD executive summary.</a> Am. J Respir. Crit. Care Med. 176, 532-555 (2007).</li><li>Macnee, W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Pathogenesis+of+chronic+obstructive+pulmonary+disease.">Pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.</a> Clin. Chest Med. 28, 479-513 (2007).</li><li>Tuder, R. M., Yoshida, T., Arap, W., Pasqualini, R., Petrache, I. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=State+of+the+art.+Cellular+and+molecular+mechanisms+of+alveolar+destruction+in+emphysema:+an+evolutionary+perspective.">State of the art. Cellular and molecular mechanisms of alveolar destruction in emphysema: an evolutionary perspective.</a> Proc. Am. Thorac. Soc. 3, 503-510 (2006).</li><li>Yao, H., Rahman, I. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Current+concepts+on+the+role+of+inflammation+in+COPD+and+lung+cancer.">Current concepts on the role of inflammation in COPD and lung cancer.</a> Curr. Opin. Pharmacol. 9, 375-383 (2009).</li><li>van der Toorn, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cigarette+smoke+irreversibly+modifies+glutathione+in+airway+epithelial+cells.">Cigarette smoke irreversibly modifies glutathione in airway epithelial cells.</a> Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell Mol. Physiol. 293, L1156-L1162 (2007).</li><li>Slebos, D. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mitochondrial+localization+and+function+of+heme+oxygenase-1+in+cigarette+smoke-induced+cell+death.">Mitochondrial localization and function of heme oxygenase-1 in cigarette smoke-induced cell death.</a> Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. 36, 409-417 (2007).</li><li>Kim, H. P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Autophagic+proteins+regulate+cigarette+smoke+induced+apoptosis:+protective+role+of+heme+oxygenase-1.">Autophagic proteins regulate cigarette smoke induced apoptosis: protective role of heme oxygenase-1.</a> Autophagy. 4, 887-895 (2008).</li><li>Chen, Z. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Egr-1+regulates+autophagy+in+cigarette+smoke-induced+chronic+obstructive+pulmonary+disease.">Egr-1 regulates autophagy in cigarette smoke-induced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.</a> PLoS ONE. 3, e3316-e3316 (2008).</li><li>Okuwa, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=In+vitro+micronucleus+assay+for+cigarette+smoke+using+a+whole+smoke+exposure+system:+A+comparison+of+smoking+regimens.">In vitro micronucleus assay for cigarette smoke using a whole smoke exposure system: A comparison of smoking regimens.</a> Exp Toxicol Pathol. , (2009).</li><li>St-Laurent, J., Proulx, L. I., Boulet, L. P., Bissonnette, E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Comparison+of+two+in+vitro+models+of+cigarette+smoke+exposure.">Comparison of two in vitro models of cigarette smoke exposure.</a> Inhal. Toxicol. 21, 1148-1153 (2009).</li><li>Watson, A. M., Benton, A. S., Rose, M. C., Freishtat, R. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cigarette+smoke+alters+tissue+inhibitor+of+metalloproteinase+1+and+matrix+metalloproteinase+9+levels+in+the+basolateral+secretions+of+human+asthmatic+bronchial+epithelium+in+vitro.">Cigarette smoke alters tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 and matrix metalloproteinase 9 levels in the basolateral secretions of human asthmatic bronchial epithelium in vitro.</a> J Investig. Med. 58, 725-729 (2010).</li><li>Rennard, S. I. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cigarette+smoke+in+research.">Cigarette smoke in research.</a> Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. 31, 479-480 (2004).</li><li>Shapiro, S. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Smoke+gets+in+your+cells.">Smoke gets in your cells.</a> Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. 31, 481-482 (2004).</li></ol>

אין ניגודי אינטרסים הכריז.

הפרוטוקול מתאר בידוד של תאים אפיתל העכבר קנה הנשימה מותאמת הפרוטוקולים של אתה et al., 1, ועוד 2-3 עם שינויים. כמו בכל isolations פרוטוקול המתאר התא, ההיבט הקריטי ביותר הוא להימנע זיהום חיידקי או פטרייתי פתוגנים על ידי שימוש בטכניקות aseptic קפדנית. הצעד השני הוא קר...

* מכונת עישון סיגריות הוא מנהג תוכנן מפוברק 14 &quot;x14&quot; X20 &quot;Dual החדרים ואור במעיל מים גוון הוכחה ברורה 1 / 2&quot; קאמרית עבה פוליקרבונט Lexan לחשיפה עשן סיגריות עם חיישן טמפרטורה מבוקרת, מים מבוקרת לכבות המערכת. עישון סיגריה / ומתנשף יחידה מותקן סיגריה משתנה שיעורי ומתנשף. כאשר המכשיר נמצא בשימוש, היא מחקה באינקובטור במובן זה טמפרטורה, לחות ופחמן דו חמצני נשלטים במערכת. המערכת כוללת: (I) כפול יחידת אישית תא / מים במעיל השומרת על סביבה מבוקרת ניסויים בתרבית רקמה. (II) חובה כבדה דיגיטלית, דיוק גבוהה כפול משאבת מים בטמפרטורה circulator מערכת עם חיישן מים ברמת בקרת טמפרטורה (III) עישון סיגריות יחידת מפמפם עם המשאבה. (IV) מחזור משאבת חיישן לשלוט בקצב Cycler (IV) דיוק נירוסטה גבוה-Line בעל מסנן. (V) מכסה נתיק רכוב 11 / 2 &quot;אחידות צירית גודל עשן סיגריות אוהד ערבוב. (ו &#39;) בגודל בינוני מי האמבט עם סוגר הרכבה circulator המים. (ז) 1 / 2&quot; מגש פלסטיק עבה עם סוגריים עבור משב המשאבה ואת מחזיק עבור אספן אפר סיגריות. מכונה זו כפי שתואר ניתן להחליף עם, זמין מסחרית מכונות דומות עישון כגון סוג זמינים TSE מערכות ( <a href="http://www.tse-systems.com">www.tse-systems.com</a> ).

isolation of mouse respiratory epithelial cells and exposure to experimental cigarette smoke at air liquid interface

תאים אפיתל ריאתי יכול להיות מבודד דרכי הנשימה של עכברים תרבותי בממשק אוויר נוזלי (עלי) כמודל של אפיתל הנשימה מובחן. פרוטוקול מתואר לבידוד וחשיפת תאים אלה לעשן סיגריות המיינסטרים (CS), כדי ללמוד התגובות תא אפיתל חשיפה CS. פרוטוקול מורכב משלושה חלקים: בידוד של תאים אפיתל דרכי הנשימה של העכבר קנה הנשימה, את culturing של תאים אלה על הממשק אוויר נוזלי (עלי) כמו בתאי אפיתל הבדיל באופן מלא, ועל אספקת הזרם המרכזי CS מכויל תאים אלה בתרבית. מערכת התרבות עלי מאפשר התרבות של epithelia הנשימה בתנאים דומים יותר ההגדרה הפיזיולוגית שלהם מאשר מערכות תרבות נוזלי רגיל. המחקר של תגובות תאית ומולקולרית ריאות לחשיפה CS הוא מרכיב קריטי להבין את ההשפעה של זיהום אוויר איכות הסביבה על בריאות האדם. ממצאי המחקר בתחום זה עשוי בסופו של דבר לתרום להבנת האטיולוגיה של מחלת ריאות חסימתית כרונית (COPD), ועוד מחלות הקשורות לטבק, המייצגים העיקריים לבעיות בריאות העולמי.

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Isolation of Mouse Respiratory Epithelial Cells and Exposure to Experimental Cigarette Smoke at Air Liquid Interface at JoVE.com

Isolation of Mouse Respiratory Epithelial Cells and Exposure to Experimental Cigarette Smoke at Air Liquid Interface

תאים אפיתל ריאתי יכול להיות מבודד דרכי הנשימה של עכברים תרבותי בממשק אוויר נוזלי כמודל של אפיתל הנשימה מובחן. פרוטוקול מתואר לבידוד, culturing וחשיפת תאים אלה לעשן סיגריות המיינסטרים, כדי ללמוד התגובות מולקולרית רעלן זה סביבתיים.

בידוד של תאים אפיתל עכבר הנשימה וחשיפה לעשן סיגריות בבית ניסויית ממשק האוויר נוזלי

Pulmonary epithelial cells can be isolated from the respiratory tract of mice and cultured at air-liquid interface (ALI) as a model of differentiated ...

isolation-mouse-respiratory-epithelial-cells-exposure-to-experimental

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

33.8K Views.  Harvard Medical School. תאים אפיתל ריאתי יכול להיות מבודד דרכי הנשימה של עכברים תרבותי בממשק אוויר נוזלי כמודל של אפיתל הנשימה מובחן. פרוטוקול מתואר לבידוד, culturing וחשיפת תאים אלה לעשן סיגריות המיינסטרים, כדי ללמוד התגובות מולקולרית רעלן זה סביבתיים.

Video: Isolation of Mouse Respiratory Epithelial Cells and Exposure to Experimental Cigarette Smoke at Air Liquid Interface

Experimental Human Pneumococcal Carriage

Experimental human pneumococcal carriage (EHPC) is scientifically important because nasopharyngeal carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae is both the major source of transmission and the prerequisite of invasive disease. A model of carriage will allow accurate determination of the immunological correlates of protection, the immunizing effect of carriage and the effect of host pressure on the pathogen in the nasopharyngeal niche. Further, methods of carriage detection useful in epidemiologic studies, including vaccine studies, can be compared.
Aim
We aim to develop an EHPC platform that is a safe and useful reproducible method that could be used to down-select candidate novel pneumococcal vaccines with prevention of carriage as a surrogate of vaccine induced immunity. It will work towards testing of candidate vaccines and descriptions of the mechanisms underlying EHPC and vaccine protection from carriage1. Current conjugate vaccines against pneumococcus protect children from invasive disease although new vaccines are urgently needed as the current vaccine does not confer optimal protection against non-bacteraemic pneumonia and there has been evidence of serotype replacement with non-vaccine serotypes2-4.
Method
We inoculate with S. pneumoniae suspended in 100 &mu;l of saline. Safety is a major factor in the development of the EHPC model and is achieved through intensive volunteer screening and monitoring. A safety committee consisting of clinicians and scientists that are independent from the study provides objective feedback on a weekly basis.
The bacterial inoculum is standardized and requires that no animal products are inoculated into volunteers (vegetable-based media and saline). The doses required for colonization (104-105) are much lower than those used in animal models (107)5. Detecting pneumococcal carriage is enhanced by a high volume (ideally &gt;10 ml) nasal wash that is relatively mucus free. This protocol will deal with the most important parts of the protocol in turn. These are (a) volunteer selection, (b) pneumococcal inoculum preparation, (c) inoculation, (d) follow-up and (e) carriage detection.
Results
Our current protocol has been safe in over 100 volunteers at a range of doses using two different bacterial serotypes6. A dose ranging study using S. pneumoniae 6B and 23F is currently being conducted to determine the optimal inoculation dose for 50% carriage. A predicted 50% rate of carriage will allow the EHPC model to have high sensitivity for vaccine efficacy with small study numbers.

Experimental human pneumococcal carriage offers a natural model of carriage and a potential model for use in vaccine development. This technique is valuable yet complex and involves clinical risk by introducing a pathogen into a human. We have developed a detailed protocol.

תובלת pneumococcal אנוש ניסויית

Experimental human pneumococcal carriage (EHPC) is scientifically important because nasopharyngeal carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae is both the major ...

Isolation, Cryopreservation and Culture of Human Amnion Epithelial Cells for Clinical Applications

Human amnion epithelial cells (hAECs) derived from term or pre-term amnion membranes have attracted attention from researchers and clinicians as a potential source of cells for regenerative medicine. The reason for this interest is evidence that these cells have highly multipotent differentiation ability, low immunogenicity, and anti-inflammatory functions. These properties have prompted researchers to investigate the potential of hAECs to be used to treat a variety of diseases and disorders in pre-clinical animal studies with much success.
hAECs have found widespread application for the treatment of a range of diseases and disorders. Potential clinical applications of hAECs include the treatment of stroke, multiple sclerosis, liver disease, diabetes and chronic and acute lung diseases. Progressing from pre-clinical animal studies into clinical trials requires a higher standard of quality control and safety for cell therapy products. For safety and quality control considerations, it is preferred that cell isolation protocols use animal product-free reagents. 
We have developed protocols to allow researchers to isolate, cryopreserve and culture hAECs using animal product-free reagents. The advantage of this method is that these cells can be isolated, characterized, cryopreserved and cultured without the risk of delivering potentially harmful animal pathogens to humans, while maintaining suitable cell yields, viabilities and growth potential. For researchers moving from pre-clinical animal studies to clinical trials, these methodologies will greatly accelerate regulatory approval, decrease risks and improve the quality of their therapeutic cell population.

We describe a protocol to isolate and culture human amnion epithelial cells (hAECs) using animal product-free reagents in accordance with current good manufacturing practices (cGMP) guidelines.

בידוד, Cryopreservation ותרבות של תאי אפיתל amnion אדם ליישומים קליניים

Human amnion epithelial cells (hAECs) derived from term or pre-term amnion membranes have attracted attention from researchers and clinicians as a ...

Automated Measurement of Pulmonary Emphysema and Small Airway Remodeling in Cigarette Smoke-exposed Mice

COPD is projected to be the third most common cause of mortality world-wide by 2020(1). Animal models of COPD are used to identify molecules that contribute to the disease process and to test the efficacy of novel therapies for COPD. Researchers use a number of models of COPD employing different species including rodents, guinea-pigs, rabbits, and dogs(2). However, the most widely-used model is that in which mice are exposed to cigarette smoke. Mice are an especially useful species in which to model COPD because their genome can readily be manipulated to generate animals that are either deficient in, or over-express individual proteins. Studies of gene-targeted mice that have been exposed to cigarette smoke have provided valuable information about the contributions of individual molecules to different lung pathologies in COPD(3-5). Most studies have focused on pathways involved in emphysema development which contributes to the airflow obstruction that is characteristic of COPD. However, small airway fibrosis also contributes significantly to airflow obstruction in human COPD patients(6), but much less is known about the pathogenesis of this lesion in smoke-exposed animals. To address this knowledge gap, this protocol quantifies both emphysema development and small airway fibrosis in smoke-exposed mice. This protocol exposes mice to CS using a whole-body exposure technique, then measures respiratory mechanics in the mice, inflates the lungs of mice to a standard pressure, and fixes the lungs in formalin. The researcher then stains the lung sections with either Gill&#8217;s stain to measure the mean alveolar chord length (as a readout of emphysema severity) or Masson&#8217;s trichrome stain to measure deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins around small airways (as a readout of small airway fibrosis). Studies of the effects of molecular pathways on both of these lung pathologies will lead to a better understanding of the pathogenesis of COPD.

The goal of this protocol is to provide automated methods to quantify chronic lung pathologies in a murine model of COPD. The protocol includes exposing mice to cigarette smoke (CS), measuring pulmonary function, inflating the lungs, and using morphometry methods to measure emphysema and small airway remodeling in mice.

מדידה אוטומטית של הריאות נפחתו וקטן Airway Remodeling בעכברים שנחשפו לעשן סיגריות

COPD is projected to be the third most common cause of mortality world-wide by 2020(1).  Animal models of COPD are used to identify molecules that ...

Isolation and Culture Expansion of Tumor-specific Endothelial Cells

Freshly isolated tumor-specific endothelial cells (TEC) can be used to explore molecular mechanisms of tumor angiogenesis and serve as an in vitro model for developing new angiogenesis inhibitors for cancer. However, long-term in vitro expansion of murine endothelial cells (EC) is challenging due to phenotypic drift in culture (endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition) and contamination with non-EC. This is especially true for TEC which are readily outcompeted by co-purified fibroblasts or tumor cells in culture. Here, a high fidelity isolation method that takes advantage of immunomagnetic enrichment coupled with colony selection and in vitro expansion is described. This approach generates pure EC fractions that are entirely free of contaminating stromal or tumor cells. It is also shown that lineage-traced Cdh5cre:ZsGreenl/s/l reporter mice, used with the protocol described herein, are a valuable tool to verify cell purity as the isolated EC colonies from these mice show durable and brilliant ZsGreen fluorescence in culture.

We report a reliable method to isolate and culture primary tumor-specific endothelial cells from genetically engineered mouse models.

הרחבת בידוד והתרבות של תאי האנדותל גידול ספציפי

Freshly isolated tumor-specific endothelial cells (TEC) can be used to explore molecular mechanisms of tumor angiogenesis and serve as an in vitro model ...

Comparing the Effects of Electronic Cigarette Vapor and Cigarette Smoke in a Novel In Vivo Exposure System

Electronic cigarettes (E-cigarettes) are being widely used, and growing in popularity. It is estimated that more than 9 million adults use them regularly. The potential adverse health effects of electronic cigarette vapor (E-vapor) exposure are poorly defined. While several animal models of E-vapor exposure have been developed, few models expose rodents to clinically relevant quantities of nicotine and make direct comparisons to cigarette smoke within the same exposure system. Here, we present a method for constructing and operating an E-vapor chamber and cigarette smoke chamber. The chambers are constructed by outfitting anesthesia chambers with a computer controlled pumping system that delivers consistent amounts of E-vapor or cigarette smoke to rodents. Nicotine exposure is measured indirectly by quantifying pre and post-exposure serum cotinine levels. This exposure system can be modified to accommodate various types of E-cigarettes&#160;and tobacco cigarettes, and can be used to compare the effects of E-vapor&#160;and cigarette smoke in vivo.

Comparing the Effects of Electronic Cigarette Vapor and Cigarette Smoke in a Novel In Vivo Exposure System

This protocol describes a method for exposing rodents to electronic cigarette vapor (E-vapor) and cigarette smoke. Exposure chambers are constructed by modifying anesthesia chambers with an automated pumping system that delivers E-vapor or cigarette smoke to rodents. This system can easily be modified to accommodate many experimental endpoints.

השוואת ההשפעות של אדי סיגריה אלקטרונית עשן סיגריה ברומן<em&gt; בויבו</em&gt; מערכת חשיפה

Electronic cigarettes (E-cigarettes) are being widely used, and growing in popularity. It is estimated that more than 9 million adults use them regularly. ...

Generation of a Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Model in Mice by Repeated Ozone Exposure

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by persistent airflow limitation and lung parenchymal destruction. It has a very high incidence in aging populations. The current conventional therapies for COPD focus mainly on symptom-modifying drugs; thus, the development of new therapies is urgently needed. Qualified animal models of COPD could help to characterize the underlying mechanisms and can be used for new drug screening. Current COPD models, such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or the porcine pancreatic elastase (PPE)-induced emphysema model, generate COPD-like lesions in the lungs and airways but do not otherwise resemble the pathogenesis of human COPD. A cigarette smoke (CS)-induced model remains one of the most popular because it not only simulates COPD-like lesions in the respiratory system, but it is also based on one of the main hazardous materials that causes COPD in humans. However, the time-consuming and labor-intensive aspects of the CS-induced model dramatically limit its application in new drug screening. In this study, we successfully generated a new COPD model by exposing mice to high levels of ozone. This model demonstrated the following: 1) decreased forced expiratory volume 25, 50, and 75/forced vital capacity (FEV25/FVC, FEV50/FVC, and FEV75/FVC), indicating the deterioration of lung function; 2) enlarged lung alveoli, with lung parenchymal destruction; 3) reduced fatigue time and distance; and 4) increased inflammation. Taken together, these data demonstrate that the ozone exposure (OE) model is a reliable animal model that is similar to humans because ozone overexposure is one of the etiological factors of COPD. Additionally, it only took 6 - 8 weeks, based on our previous work, to create an OE model, whereas it requires 3 - 12 months to induce the cigarette smoke model, indicating that the OE model might be a good choice for COPD research.

This study describes the successful generation of a new chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) animal model by repeatedly exposing mice to high concentrations of ozone.

דור של מחלת ריאות חסימתית כרונית מודל בעכברים על ידי חשיפה חוזרת ונשנית האוזון

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by persistent airflow limitation and lung parenchymal destruction. It has a very high ...

Assessment of the Acute Inhalation Toxicity of Airborne Particles by Exposing Cultivated Human Lung Cells at the Air-Liquid Interface

Here, we present a specially designed modular in vitro exposure system that enables the homogenous exposure of cultivated human lung cells at the ALI to gases, particles or complex atmospheres (e.g., cigarette smoke), thus providing realistic physiological exposure of the apical surface of the human alveolar region to air. In contrast to sequential exposure models with linear aerosol guidance, the modular design of the radial flow system meets all requirements for the continuous generation and transport of the test atmosphere to the cells, a homogenous distribution and deposition of the particles and the continuous removal of the atmosphere. This exposure method is primarily designed for the exposure of cells to airborne particles, but can be adapted to the exposure of liquid aerosols and highly toxic and aggressive gases depending on the aerosol generation method and the material of the exposure modules.
Within the framework of a recently completed validation study, this exposure system was proven as a transferable, reproducible and predictive screening method for the qualitative assessment of the acute pulmonary cytotoxicity of airborne particles, thereby potentially reducing or replacing animal experiments that would normally provide this toxicological assessment.

We present a robust, transferable and predictive in vitro exposure system for the screening and monitoring of airborne particles concerning their acute pulmonary cytotoxicity by exposing cultivated human lung cells at the air-liquid interface (ALI).

הערכת הרעלת שאיפת חריפה של חלקיקי מוטס על ידי חשיפת תאי ריאה אנושיים בממשק האוויר-נוזלי

Here, we present a specially designed modular in vitro exposure system that enables the homogenous exposure of cultivated human lung cells at the ALI to ...

Effect of Artificial Tear Formulations on the Metabolic Activity of Human Corneal Epithelial Cells after Exposure to Desiccation

Artificial lipid-containing tear formulations are developed to reduce tear evaporation by the restoration of a deficient tear lipid layer. Artificial tear formulations that prevent cell desiccation will result in ocular surface protection and the maintenance of cell metabolic activity. During dehydration, cells undergo the process of loss of metabolic activity and subsequently cell death. This work describes a method for assessing the efficacy of artificial tear formulations. The metabolic dye (i.e., alamarBlue) changes from a low fluorescent molecule resazurin to a fluorescent molecule resorufin in viable cells. The biological performance of an artificial tear formulation is measured as the ability of the formulation to (a) maintain cell viability and (b) provide cell protection from desiccation. Growth media and saline are used as controls for the cell viability/desiccation tests. Cells are incubated with test solutions for 30 min and then desiccated for 0 or 5 min at 37 &#176;C and 45% relative humidity. Cell metabolic activity after initial exposure and after cell desiccation is then determined. The results show the comparative effects of eye drop formulations on cell metabolic activity and desiccation protection. This method can be used to test dry eye formulations that are designed to treat individuals with evaporative dry eye.

The purpose of this protocol is to evaluate if different artificial tear formulations can protect human corneal epithelial cells from desiccation using an in vitro model. After exposure to artificial tear formulations and desiccation, human corneal epithelial cells are assessed for metabolic activity.

ההשפעה של ניסוחים דמעה מלאכותית על הפעילות המטבולית של תאי אפיתל הקרנית האנושית לאחר חשיפה להתייבשות

Artificial lipid-containing tear formulations are developed to reduce tear evaporation by the restoration of a deficient tear lipid layer. Artificial tear ...

Induction and Analysis of Oxidative Stress in Sleeping Beauty Transposon-Transfected Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells

Oxidative stress plays a critical role in several degenerative diseases, including age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a pathology that affects ~30 million patients worldwide. It leads to a decrease in retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)-synthesized neuroprotective factors, e.g., pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), followed by the loss of RPE cells, and eventually photoreceptor and retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death. We hypothesize that the reconstitution of the neuroprotective and neurogenic retinal environment by the subretinal transplantation of transfected RPE cells overexpressing PEDF and GM-CSF has the potential to prevent retinal degeneration by mitigating the effects of oxidative stress, inhibiting inflammation, and supporting cell survival. Using the Sleeping Beauty transposon system (SB100X) human RPE cells have been transfected with the PEDF and GM-CSF genes and shown stable gene integration, long-term gene expression, and protein secretion using qPCR, western blot, ELISA, and immunofluorescence. To confirm the functionality and the potency of the PEDF and GM-CSF secreted by the transfected RPE cells, we have developed an in vitro assay to quantify the reduction of H2O2-induced oxidative stress on RPE cells in culture. Cell protection was evaluated by analyzing cell morphology, density, intracellular level of glutathione, UCP2 gene expression, and cell viability. Both, transfected RPE cells overexpressing PEDF and/or GM-CSF and cells non-transfected but pretreated with PEDF and/or GM-CSF (commercially available or purified from transfected cells) showed significant antioxidant cell protection compared to non-treated controls. The present H2O2-model is a simple and effective approach to evaluate the antioxidant effect of factors that may be effective to treat AMD or similar neurodegenerative diseases.

Induction and Analysis of Oxidative Stress in Sleeping Beauty Transposon-Transfected Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells

We present a protocol for the development and use ofan oxidative stress-model by treating retinal pigment epithelial cells with H2O2, analyzing cell morphology, viability, density, glutathione, and UCP-2 level. It is a useful model to investigate the antioxidant effect of proteins secreted by transposon-transfected cells to treat neuroretinal degeneration.

אינדוקציה וניתוח של עקה חמצונית ב היפהפייה הנרדמת טרנספוסון-transposon-transfected תאי אפיתל פיגמנט רשתית אנושית

Oxidative stress plays a critical role in several degenerative diseases, including age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a pathology that affects ~30 ...

Isolation and Profiling of Human Primary Mesenteric Arterial Endothelial Cells at the Transcriptome Level

Endothelial cells (ECs) are crucial for vascular and whole-body function through their dynamic response to environmental cues. Elucidating the transcriptome and epigenome of ECs is paramount to understanding their roles in development, health, and disease, but is limited in the availability of isolated primary cells. Recent technologies have enabled the high-throughput profiling of EC transcriptome and epigenome, leading to the identification of previously unknown EC cell subpopulations and developmental trajectories. While EC cultures are a useful tool in the exploration of EC function and dysfunction, the culture conditions and multiple passages can introduce external variables that alter the properties of native EC, including morphology, epigenetic state, and gene expression program. To overcome this limitation, the present paper demonstrates a method of isolating human primary ECs from donor mesenteric arteries aiming to capture their native state. ECs in the intimal layer are dissociated mechanically and biochemically with the use of particular enzymes. The resultant cells can be directly used for bulk RNA or single-cell RNA-sequencing or plated for culture. In addition, a workflow is described for the preparation of human arterial tissue for spatial transcriptomics, specifically for a commercially available platform, although this method is also suitable for other spatial transcriptome profiling techniques. This methodology can be applied to different vessels collected from a variety of donors in health or disease states to gain insights into EC transcriptional and epigenetic regulation, a pivotal aspect of endothelial cell biology.

The protocol describes the isolation, culture, and profiling of endothelial cells from human mesenteric artery. Additionally, a method is provided to prepare human artery for spatial transcriptomics. Proteomics, transcriptomics, and functional assays can be performed on isolated cells. This protocol can be repurposed for any medium- or large-size artery.