עבודה זו מומנה על ידי משרד הצי צעיר מחקר תכנית פרס חוקר N000141110914, משרד המחקר של צי גרנט N000141010827, NSF פרס קריירת CCF1054898, פרס ממציא ניו 1DP2OD007292 של מנהל ה- NIH ומכון Wyss לפקולטה להנדסת הפעלת קרן בהשראה ביולוגית (לPY) ו צינג-פקינג מרכז למדעי חיים הפעלת קרן (לBW).

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The authors declare competing financial interests.

בשלב היווצרות מבנה, חשוב לשמור על ריכוז מתאים של קטיונים מגנזיום (למשל., 15 מ&quot;מ) בתערובת גדיל DNA לDNA ננו העצמי להרכיב. כמו כן, בשלב אפיון agarose ג&#39;ל / טיהור, חשוב לשמור על ריכוז קטיון מגנזיום מתאים (למשל., 10 מ&quot;מ) בג&#39;ל וחיץ ריצת ג&#39;ל לשמור DNA ננו במהלך אלקטרופור...

עבודת הרכבה עצמית קודמת חומצות גרעין 1-25 הובילה לבנייה המוצלחת של מגוון רחב של מבנים מורכבים, לרבות DNA 2 - 5,8,10 - 13,17,23 או RNA 7,22 3,4,7 תקופתי, 22 ו -5 דו ממדים אלגוריתמיים חסימה, סרטים 10,12 וצינורות 4,12,13, גבישי 3D 17, פאונים 11 וסופיים, 2D מעצב 7,8. שיטה יעילה במיוחד היא מלווה בתמיכת אוריגמי DNA, לפיה גדיל פיגום אחת מקופל על ידי רב גדילי מצרך עזר קצרים ליצירת צורה מורכבת 9,14 - 16,18 - 21,25. לאחרונה דיווחו שיטה לבניית ננו הדיסקרטי עם צורות 2D נקבעו באמצעות אריחים חד-גדילים (SST), והפגינו מבנים עם מורכבות דומה לאוריגמי DNA 26. articl זהדואר הוא עיבוד של העבודה הקודמת שלנו 26 ומתאר מפורט פרוטוקולים להסדרת טמפרטורת פני הים מיעון בנפרד לצורות 2D סופיות מתוחכמות עם ממדים שנקבעו בדיוק (רוחב ואורך) ומורפולוגיות. יתרון מרכזי אחד של שיטת SST הוא המודולריות שלה. כל SST המרכיב של מבנה משמש כיחידת בנייה מודולרית בהרכבה, וקבוצות משנה שונות של טמפרטורת פני הים אלה לייצר צורות שונות. כך, הקמנו פלטפורמה כללית לבניית ננו עם גדלים וצורות שנקבעו מגדילי דנ&quot;א קצרים, סינטטיים. טמפרטורת פני הים מכילים ארבעה תחומים, כל אחת (איור 1 א) באורך 10 או 11 נוקלאוטידים. טמפרטורת פני הים להיקשר כך שהסלילים המקבילים שלהם ליצור סריג DNA מוחזק ביחד על ידי קשרים מוצלבים. כל מוצלב הוא פוספט בין תחומים 2 ו -3 פוספט נמתח באופן מלאכותי בתרשימים לבהירות חזותית. הצלבות מרווחים שני סיבובי סליל (21 בסיסים) מזה (&lt;1B strong&gt; איור). המלבנים מרוכבים מכונים על ידי ממדיהם במספר הסלילים וסיבובי סליל. לדוגמא, מלבן שרוחבו שישה סלילים ושמונה סליל הופך ארוך הפניה כ6H × מלבן 8T. ניתן להשאיר את טמפרטורת פני ים החוצה, הוסיפו, או מחדש בדרך אחרת כדי ליצור מבנים של צורות וגדלים (איור 1 ג) שרירותיות. לדוגמא, עיצוב מלבני ניתן התגלגל לתוך צינור באורך רצוי ורדיוס (1D איור). לחלופין, סריג SST המלבני ניתן לראות כבד מולקולרי המורכב מפיקסלים SST, כל ננומטר 3 על ידי 7 ננומטר. במחקר זה, אנו משתמשים בבד מולקולרי של 310 טמפרטורת פני הים פנימית באורך מלא, 24 טמפרטורת פני הים באורך מלא המרכיבות את גבולות ימין ועל השמאל, וטמפרטורת פני ים 28 חצי אורך להרכיב את הגבולות העליונים ותחתונים. יש הבד 24 סלילים כפולים מקושרים על ידי הצלבות וכל סליל מכיל 28 סיבובי סליל (294 בסיסים), ולכן הוא מכונה24H × בד מלבני 28T. 24H × בד 28T יש משקל מולקולרי דומה לזה של מבנה אוריגמי DNA שנוצר מפיגום הפאג M13.

<table><tbody><tr><td>DNA Strands&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Integrated DNA Technology</td><td></td><td>Section 3.1</td></tr><tr><td>SYBR Safe DNA gel stain</td><td>Invitrogen</td><td>S33102</td><td>Section 3.4.2</td></tr><tr><td>Freeze&#039;N Squeeze DNA Gel Extraction Spin Columns</td><td>BIO-RAD</td><td>731-6166</td><td>Section 3.6</td></tr><tr><td>Bruker&#039;s Sharp Nitride Lever Probes</td><td>Bruker AFM Probes</td><td>SNL10</td><td>Section 4.3</td></tr><tr><td>Safe Imager 2.0 Blue Light Transilluminator</td><td>Invitrogen</td><td>G6600</td><td>Section 3.6</td></tr><tr><td>Centrifuge 5430R</td><td>Eppendorf</td><td>5428 000.414</td><td>Section 3.6</td></tr><tr><td>Transmission Electron Microscope&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Jeol</td><td>Jem 1400</td><td>Section 7.4</td></tr><tr><td>Multimode 8</td><td>Veeco</td><td></td><td>Section 4</td></tr><tr><td>Typhoon FLA 9000 Laser Scanner</td><td>GE Heathcare Life Sciences</td><td>28-9558-08</td><td>Section 3.5</td></tr><tr><td>Ultrapure Distilled water</td><td>Invitrogen</td><td>10977-023</td><td>Section 3.7.1</td></tr><tr><td>Mica disk</td><td>SPI Supplies</td><td>12001-26-2</td><td>Section 4.1</td></tr><tr><td>Steel mounting disk</td><td>Ted Pella, Inc.</td><td>16218</td><td>Section 4.1</td></tr><tr><td>carbon coated copper grid for TEM</td><td>Electron Microscopy Sciences</td><td>FCF400-Cu</td><td>Section 7.2</td></tr><tr><td>tweezers</td><td>Dumont</td><td>0203-N5AC-PO</td><td>Section 7.31</td></tr><tr><td>glow discharge system</td><td>Quorum Technologies</td><td>K100X</td><td>Section 7.2</td></tr><tr><td>DNA Engine Tetrad 2 Peltier Thermal Cycler</td><td>BIO-RAD</td><td>PTC&amp;ndash;0240G</td><td>Section 3.3</td></tr><tr><td>Owl Easycast B2 Mini Gel Electrophoresis Systems</td><td>ThermoScientific</td><td>B2</td><td>Section 3.4.3</td></tr><tr><td>Seekam LE Agarose 500G</td><td>Lonza</td><td>50004</td><td>Section 3.4.1</td></tr><tr><td>GeneRuler 1kb Plus DNA Ladder, Ready-To-Use 75-20000bp</td><td>ThermoScientific</td><td>SM1333</td><td>Section 3.4.4</td></tr><tr><td>Nanodrop 2000c UV-vis Spectrophotometer</td><td>ThermoScientific</td><td></td><td>Section 3.7</td></tr><tr><td>0.2 um filter</td><td>Corning Inc.</td><td>431219</td><td>Section 7.1.2</td></tr></tbody></table>

self-assembly of complex two-dimensional shapes from single-stranded dna tiles

Current methods in DNA nano-architecture have successfully engineered a variety of 2D and 3D structures using principles of self-assembly. In this article, we describe detailed protocols on how to fabricate sophisticated 2D shapes through the self-assembly of uniquely addressable single-stranded DNA tiles which act as molecular pixels on a molecular canvas. Each single-stranded tile (SST) is a 42-nucleotide DNA strand composed of four concatenated modular domains which bind to four neighbors during self-assembly. The molecular canvas is a rectangle structure self-assembled from SSTs. A prescribed complex 2D shape is formed by selecting the constituent molecular pixels (SSTs) from a 310-pixel molecular canvas and then subjecting the corresponding strands to one-pot annealing. Due to the modular nature of the SST approach we demonstrate the scalability, versatility and robustness of this method. Compared with alternative methods, the SST method enables a wider selection of information polymers and sequences through the use of de novo designed and synthesized short DNA strands.

ההרכבה העצמית של טמפרטורת פני הים (איור 1) תניב 24H × מלבן 28T, כפי שמודגם באיור 2. רצפי DNA לטמפרטורת פני הים השונים יכולים להיות שונה / מותאם כדי לאפשר תיוג streptavidin (איור 3 ו -4), את הפיכתו של מלבן לתוך צינור (איור 5), הרכבה העצמית הני...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Self-assembly of Complex Two-dimensional Shapes from Single-stranded DNA Tiles at JoVE.com

Self-assembly of Complex Two-dimensional Shapes from Single-stranded DNA Tiles

DNA tiling is an effective approach to make programmable nanostructures. We describe the protocols to construct complex two-dimensional shapes by the self-assembly of single-stranded DNA tiles.

עצמי הרכבה של צורות דו-ממדיות מורכבות מחד-גדילי דנ&quot;א אריחים

Current methods in DNA nano-architecture have successfully engineered a variety of 2D and 3D structures using principles of self-assembly. In this ...

self-assembly-complex-two-dimensional-shapes-from-single-stranded-dna

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Chemistry

11.6K Views.  Tsinghua University. DNA tiling is an effective approach to make programmable nanostructures. We describe the protocols to construct complex two-dimensional shapes by the self-assembly of single-stranded DNA tiles.

Video: Self-assembly of Complex Two-dimensional Shapes from Single-stranded DNA Tiles

Origami Inspired Self-assembly of Patterned and Reconfigurable Particles

There are numerous techniques such as photolithography, electron-beam lithography and soft-lithography that can be used to precisely pattern two dimensional (2D) structures. These technologies are mature, offer high precision and many of them can be implemented in a high-throughput manner. We leverage the advantages of planar lithography and combine them with self-folding methods1-20 wherein physical forces derived from surface tension or residual stress, are used to curve or fold planar structures into three dimensional (3D) structures. In doing so, we make it possible to mass produce precisely patterned static and reconfigurable particles that are challenging to synthesize.
In this paper, we detail visualized experimental protocols to create patterned particles, notably, (a) permanently bonded, hollow, polyhedra that self-assemble and self-seal due to the minimization of surface energy of liquefied hinges21-23 and (b) grippers that self-fold due to residual stress powered hinges24,25. The specific protocol described can be used to create particles with overall sizes ranging from the micrometer to the centimeter length scales. Further, arbitrary patterns can be defined on the surfaces of the particles of importance in colloidal science, electronics, optics and medicine. More generally, the concept of self-assembling mechanically rigid particles with self-sealing hinges is applicable, with some process modifications, to the creation of particles at even smaller, 100 nm length scales22, 26 and with a range of materials including metals21, semiconductors9 and polymers27. With respect to residual stress powered actuation of reconfigurable grasping devices, our specific protocol utilizes chromium hinges of relevance to devices with sizes ranging from 100 &mu;m to 2.5 mm. However, more generally, the concept of such tether-free residual stress powered actuation can be used with alternate high-stress materials such as heteroepitaxially deposited semiconductor films5,7 to possibly create even smaller nanoscale grasping devices.

We describe experimental details of the synthesis of patterned and reconfigurable particles from two dimensional (2D) precursors. This methodology can be used to create particles in a variety of shapes including polyhedra and grasping devices at length scales ranging from the micro to centimeter scale.

אוריגמי השראה עצמית הרכבה של חלקיקים בדוגמת וReconfigurable

There are numerous techniques such as photolithography, electron-beam lithography and soft-lithography that can be used to precisely pattern two ...

Formation of Ordered Biomolecular Structures by the Self-assembly of Short Peptides

In nature, complex functional structures are formed by the self-assembly of biomolecules under mild conditions. Understanding the forces that control self-assembly and mimicking this process in vitro will bring about major advances in the areas of materials science and nanotechnology. Among the available biological building blocks, peptides have several advantages as they present substantial diversity, their synthesis in large scale is straightforward, and they can easily be modified with biological and chemical entities1,2. Several classes of designed peptides such as cyclic peptides, amphiphile peptides and peptide-conjugates self-assemble into ordered structures in solution. Homoaromatic dipeptides, are a class of short self-assembled peptides that contain all the molecular information needed to form ordered structures such as nanotubes, spheres and fibrils3-8. A large variety of these peptides is commercially available.
This paper presents a procedure that leads to the formation of ordered structures by the self-assembly of homoaromatic peptides. The protocol requires only commercial reagents and basic laboratory equipment. In addition, the paper describes some of the methods available for the characterization of peptide-based assemblies. These methods include electron and atomic force microscopy and Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR). Moreover, the manuscript demonstrates the blending of peptides (coassembly) and the formation of a &#34;beads on a string&#34;-like structure by this process.9 The protocols presented here can be adapted to other classes of peptides or biological building blocks and can potentially lead to the discovery of new peptide-based structures and to better control of their assembly.

This paper describes the formation of highly ordered peptide-based structures by the spontaneous process of self-assembly. The method utilizes commercially available peptides and common lab equipment. This technique can be applied to a large variety of peptides and may lead to the discovery of new peptide-based assemblies.

היווצרות של מבני Biomolecular הוזמנו על ידי ההרכבה העצמית של פפטידים קצרים

In nature, complex functional structures are formed by the self-assembly of biomolecules under mild conditions. Understanding the forces that control ...

Folding and Characterization of a Bio-responsive Robot from DNA Origami

The DNA nanorobot is a hollow hexagonal nanometric device, designed to open in response to specific stimuli and present cargo sequestered inside. Both stimuli and cargo can be tailored according to specific needs. Here we describe the DNA nanorobot fabrication protocol, with the use of the DNA origami technique. The procedure initiates by mixing short single-strand DNA staples into a stock mixture which is then added to a long, circular, single-strand DNA scaffold in presence of a folding buffer. A standard thermo cycler is programmed to gradually lower the mixing reaction temperature to facilitate the staples-to-scaffold annealing, which is the guiding force behind the folding of the nanorobot. Once the 60 hr folding reaction is complete, excess staples are discarded using a centrifugal filter, followed by visualization via agarose-gel electrophoresis (AGE). Finally, successful fabrication of the nanorobot is verified by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), with the use of uranyl-formate as negative stain.

DNA origami is a powerful method for fabricating precise nanoscale objects by programming the self-assembly of DNA molecules. Here we describe a protocol for the folding of a bio-responsive robot from DNA origami, its purification and negative staining for transmission electron microscopic imaging (TEM).

מתקפל ואפיון של רובוט ביו-תגובה מה- DNA אוריגמי

The DNA nanorobot is a hollow hexagonal nanometric device, designed to open in response to specific stimuli and present cargo sequestered inside. Both ...

Preparation of Mica and Silicon Substrates for DNA Origami Analysis and Experimentation

The designed nature and controlled, one-pot synthesis of DNA origami provides exciting opportunities in many fields, particularly nanoelectronics. Many of these applications require interaction with and adhesion of DNA nanostructures to a substrate. Due to its atomically flat and easily cleaned nature, mica has been the substrate of choice for DNA origami experiments. However, the practical applications of mica are relatively limited compared to those of semiconductor substrates. For this reason, a straightforward, stable, and repeatable process for DNA origami adhesion on derivatized silicon oxide is presented here. To promote the adhesion of DNA nanostructures to silicon oxide surface, a self-assembled monolayer of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) is deposited from an aqueous solution that is compatible with many photoresists. The substrate must be cleaned of all organic and metal contaminants using Radio Corporation of America (RCA) cleaning processes and the native oxide layer must be etched to ensure a flat, functionalizable surface. Cleanrooms are equipped with facilities for silicon cleaning, however many components of DNA origami buffers and solutions are often not allowed in them due to contamination concerns. This manuscript describes the set-up and protocol for in-lab, small-scale silicon cleaning for researchers who do not have access to a cleanroom or would like to incorporate processes that could cause contamination of a cleanroom CMOS clean bench. Additionally, variables for regulating coverage are discussed and how to recognize and avoid common sample preparation problems is described.

Reproducible cleaning processes for substrates used in DNA origami research are described, including bench-top RCA cleaning and derivatization of silicon oxide. Protocols for surface preparation, DNA origami deposition, drying parameters, and simple experimental set-ups are illustrated.

הכנת מצעים נציץ והסיליקון לDNA אוריגמי ניתוח וניסויים

The designed nature and controlled, one-pot synthesis of DNA origami provides exciting opportunities in many fields, particularly nanoelectronics. Many of ...

Designing a Bio-responsive Robot from DNA Origami

Nucleic acids are astonishingly versatile. In addition to their natural role as storage medium for biological information1, they can be utilized in parallel computing2,3 , recognize and bind molecular or cellular targets4,5 , catalyze chemical reactions6,7 , and generate calculated responses in a biological system8,9. Importantly, nucleic acids can be programmed to self-assemble into 2D and 3D structures10-12, enabling the integration of all these remarkable features in a single robot linking the sensing of biological cues to a preset response in order to exert a desired effect.
Creating shapes from nucleic acids was first proposed by Seeman13, and several variations on this theme have since been realized using various techniques11,12,14,15 . However, the most significant is perhaps the one proposed by Rothemund, termed scaffolded DNA origami16. In this technique, the folding of a long (&gt;7,000 bases) single-stranded DNA 'scaffold' is directed to a desired shape by hundreds of short complementary strands termed 'staples'. Folding is carried out by temperature annealing ramp. This technique was successfully demonstrated in the creation of a diverse array of 2D shapes with remarkable precision and robustness. DNA origami was later extended to 3D as well17,18 .
 
The current paper will focus on the caDNAno 2.0 software19 developed by Douglas and colleagues. caDNAno is a robust, user-friendly CAD tool enabling the design of 2D and 3D DNA origami shapes with versatile features. The design process relies on a systematic and accurate abstraction scheme for DNA structures, making it relatively straightforward and efficient.
In this paper we demonstrate the design of a DNA origami nanorobot that has been recently described20. This robot is 'robotic' in the sense that it links sensing to actuation, in order to perform a task. We explain how various sensing schemes can be integrated into the structure, and how this can be relayed to a desired effect. Finally we use Cando21 to simulate the mechanical properties of the designed shape. The concept we discuss can be adapted to multiple tasks and settings.

DNA origami is a powerful method for fabricating precise nanoscale objects by programming the self-assembly of DNA molecules. Here, we describe how DNA origami can be utilized to design a robotic robot capable of sensing biological cues and responding by shape shifting, subsequently relayed to a desired effect.

עיצוב רובוט ביו תגובה מ-DNA אוריגמי

Nucleic acids are astonishingly versatile. In addition to their natural role as storage medium for biological information1, they can be utilized in ...

Bioengineering

Stable DNA Motifs, 1D and 2D Nanostructures Constructed from Small Circular DNA Molecules

This article presents a detailed protocol for synthesis of small circular DNA molecules, annealing of circular DNA motifs, and construction of 1D and 2D DNA nanostructures. Over decades, the rapid development of DNA nanotechnology is attributed to the use of linear DNAs as the source materials. For example, the DAO (double crossover, antiparallel, odd half-turns) tile is well-known as a building block for construction of 2D DNA lattices; the core structure of DAO is made from two linear single-stranded (ss) oligonucleotides, like two ropes making a right hand granny&#160;knot. Herein, a new type of DNA tiles called cDAO (coupled DAO) are built using a small circular ss-DNA of c64nt or c84nt (circular 64 or 84 nucleotides) as the scaffold strand and several linear ss-DNAs as the staple strands. Perfect 1D and 2D nanostructures are assembled from cDAO tiles: infinite nanowires, nanospirals, nanotubes, nanoribbons; and finite nano-rectangles. Detailed protocols are described: 1) preparation by T4 ligase and purification by denaturing PAGE (polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis) of small circular oligonucleotides, 2) annealing of stable circular tiles, followed by native PAGE analysis, 3) assembling of infinite 1D nanowires, nanorings, nanospirals, infinite 2D lattices of nanotubes and nanoribbons, and finite 2D nano-rectangles, followed by AFM (Atomic Force Microscopy) imaging. The method is simple, robust, and affordable for most labs.

This article presents a detailed protocol for T4 ligation and denaturing PAGE purification of small circular DNA molecules, annealing and native PAGE analysis of circular tiles, assembling and AFM imaging of 1D and 2D DNA nanostructures, as well as agarose gel electrophoresis and centrifugation purification of finite DNA nanostructures.

המוטיבים אן יציב, 1 י ו- 2D Nanostructures בנוי מולקולות DNA מעגלי קטן

This article presents a detailed protocol for synthesis of small circular DNA molecules, annealing of circular DNA motifs, and construction of 1D and 2D ...

DNA Origami-Mediated Substrate Nanopatterning of Inorganic Structures for Sensing Applications

Structural DNA nanotechnology provides a viable route for building from the bottom-up using DNA as construction material. The most common DNA nanofabrication technique is called DNA origami, and it allows high-throughput synthesis of accurate and highly versatile structures with nanometer-level precision. Here, it is shown how the spatial information of DNA origami can be transferred to metallic nanostructures by combining the bottom-up DNA origami with the conventionally used top-down lithography approaches. This allows fabrication of billions of tiny nanostructures in one step onto selected substrates. The method is demonstrated using bowtie DNA origami to create metallic bowtie-shaped antenna structures on silicon nitride or sapphire substrates. The method relies on the selective growth of a silicon oxide layer on top of the origami deposition substrate, thus resulting in a patterning mask for following lithographic steps. These nanostructure-equipped surfaces can be further used as molecular sensors (e.g., surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS)) and in various other optical applications at the visible wavelength range owing to the small feature sizes (sub-10 nm). The technique can be extended to other materials through methodological modifications; therefore, the resulting optically active surfaces may find use in development of metamaterials and metasurfaces.

Here, we describe a protocol to create discrete and accurate inorganic nanostructures on substrates using DNA origami shapes as guiding templates. The method is demonstrated by creating plasmonic gold bowtie-shaped antennas on a transparent substrate (sapphire).

DNA אוריגמי-תיווך המצע Nanopatterning של מבנים אורגניים עבור יישומים חישה

Structural DNA nanotechnology provides a viable route for building from the bottom-up using DNA as construction material. The most common DNA ...

Synthesis of Information-bearing Peptoids and their Sequence-directed Dynamic Covalent Self-assembly

This protocol presents the use of Lewis acidic multi-role reagents to circumvent kinetic trapping observed during the self-assembly of information-encoded oligomeric strands mediated by paired dynamic covalent interactions in a manner mimicking the thermal cycling commonly employed for the self-assembly of complementary nucleic acid sequences. Primary amine monomers bearing aldehyde and amine pendant moieties are functionalized with orthogonal protecting groups for use as dynamic covalent reactant pairs. Using a modified automated peptide synthesizer, the primary amine monomers are encoded into oligo(peptoid) strands through solid-phase submonomer synthesis. Upon purification by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and characterization by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), sequence-specific oligomers are subjected to high-loading of a Lewis acidic rare-earth metal triflate which both deprotects the aldehyde moieties and affects the reactant pair equilibrium such that strands completely dissociate. Subsequently, a fraction of the Lewis acid is extracted, enabling annealing of complementary sequence-specific strands to form information-encoded molecular ladders characterized by matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS). The simple procedure outlined in this report circumvents kinetic traps commonly experienced in the field of dynamic covalent assembly and serves as a platform for the future design of robust, complex architectures.

A protocol is presented for the synthesis of information-encoded peptoid oligomers and for the sequence-directed self-assembly of these peptoids into molecular ladders using amines and aldehydes as dynamic covalent reactant pairs and Lewis acidic rare-earth metal triflates as multi-role reagents.

סינתזה של מידע-מיסב פטואידים והרכבה עצמית בימוי דינמי

This protocol presents the use of Lewis acidic multi-role reagents to circumvent kinetic trapping observed during the self-assembly of information-encoded ...

Design and Synthesis of a Reconfigurable DNA Accordion Rack

DNA nanostructure-based mechanical systems or DNA nanomachines, which produce complex nanoscale motion in 2D and 3D in the nanometer to &#229;ngstr&#246;m resolution, show great potential in various fields of nanotechnology such as the molecular reactors, drug delivery, and nanoplasmonic systems. The reconfigurable DNA accordion rack, which can collectively manipulate a 2D or 3D nanoscale network of elements, in multiple stages in response to the DNA inputs, is described. The platform has potential to increase the number of elements that DNA nanomachines can control from a few elements to a network scale with multiple stages of reconfiguration.
In this protocol, we describe the entire experimental process of the reconfigurable DNA accordion rack of 6 by 6 meshes. The protocol includes a design rule and simulation procedure of the structures and a wet-lab experiment for synthesis and reconfiguration. In addition, analysis of the structure using TEM (transmission electron microscopy) and FRET (fluorescence resonance energy transfer) is included in the protocol. The novel design and simulation methods covered in this protocol will assist researchers to use the DNA accordion rack for further applications.

We describe the detailed protocol for design, simulation, wet-lab experiments, and analysis for a reconfigurable DNA accordion rack of 6 by 6 meshes.

עיצוב, סינתזה של ארון אקורדיון דנ א Reconfigurable

DNA nanostructure-based mechanical systems or DNA nanomachines, which produce complex nanoscale motion in 2D and 3D in the nanometer to &#229;ngstr&#246;m ...

Self-Assembly of Gamma-Modified Peptide Nucleic Acids into Complex Nanostructures in Organic Solvent Mixtures

Current strategies in DNA and RNA nanotechnology enable the self-assembly of a variety of nucleic acid nanostructures in aqueous or substantially hydrated media. In this article, we describe detailed protocols that enable the construction of nanofiber architectures in organic solvent mixtures through the self-assembly of uniquely addressable, single-stranded, gamma-modified peptide nucleic acid (&#947;PNA) tiles. Each single-stranded tile (SST) is a 12-base &#947;PNA oligomer composed of two concatenated modular domains of 6 bases each. Each domain can bind to a mutually complimentary domain present on neighboring strands using programmed complementarity to form nanofibers that can grow to microns in length. The SST motif is made of 9 total oligomers to enable the formation of 3-helix nanofibers. In contrast with analogous DNA nanostructures, which form diameter-monodisperse structures, these &#947;PNA systems form nanofibers that bundle along their widths during self-assembly in organic solvent mixtures. Self-assembly protocols described here therefore also include a conventional surfactant, Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS), to reduce bundling effects.

This article provides protocols for the design and self-assembly of nanostructures from gamma-modified peptide nucleic acid oligomers in organic solvent mixtures.

הרכבה עצמית של חומצות פפטידיות פפטיד שעברו שינוי גמא לתוך ננו-מבנים מורכבים בתערובות ממס אורגניות

Current strategies in DNA and RNA nanotechnology enable the self-assembly of a variety of nucleic acid nanostructures in aqueous or substantially hydrated ...

עצמי הרכבה של צורות דו-ממדיות מורכבות מחד-גדילי דנ"א אריחים

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