ברצוננו להודות לד&quot;ר יונתן Newland לתצלום באיור 4 ולעיבוד תמונות מיקרוסקופ אופטיות לוידאו, מיס ג&#39;ניפר ווב לייעוץ וחזותי על מדידות זווית מגע, מיס סזה-טו יין טאן לחלון ממס נתונים בתרשים 2B , ד&quot;ר מקסים יוסף לקבלת ייעוץ על ספקטרוסקופיית ראמאן, וגם חברים של אלקטרוכימיה וורוויק וקבוצת ממשקים שעזרו לפתח את הפרוטוקולים שתוארו במסמך זה. כמו כן, אנו רוצים להודות למקס יוסף, Lingcong מנג, זואי איירס ורוי Meyler על חלקם במצלמים את הפרוטוקול.

The authors declare that they have no competing financial interests.

החל עם משטח-הופסק O הוא דגל כי המשטח-הופסק H הוא אלקטרוכימי לא יציב, במיוחד בפוטנציאל anodic גבוה 7,40,41. שינוי סיום משטח יכול להשפיע על קינטיקה העברת אלקטרונים של זוגות תחום פנימיים, כגון אלקטרוליזה של מים (שימוש במסמך כדי לשנות את ה- pH הפתרון המקומי). יתר על כן, אם BDD מכ?...

בחירה של חומר אלקטרודה היא בעל חשיבות רבה בעת ביצוע כל מחקר electroanalytical. בשנים האחרונות, sp פחמן 3 (יהלומים) מסומם עם בורון מספיק כדי להבהיר את החומר &quot;, כמו מתכת&quot; הפכה בחירה פופולרית עבור מגוון רחב של יישומי electroanalytical בשל אלקטרוכימיים מצוינת (ותרמיות ומכאניות) תכונות 1,2 , 3. אלה כוללים עמידות בפני קורוזיה בתנאים קיצוניים פתרון, טמפרטורה ולחץ 4 חלונות ממס אולטרה רחבים, זרמי רקע נמוכים, ועכירות מופחתות, בהשוואה לחומרי אלקטרודה 5-7,3 נפוצים אחרים. עם זאת, ללא יהלומים-פחם הגדלת (NDC: sp 2) תוצאות תוכן בחלון ממס יורד, הגדלת זרמי רקע 7,8, שינויים בשתי השלמות המבנית והרגישות כלפי מין חיזור תחום פנימי שונה, לדוגמא. חמצן 9-12. שים לב לכךשלי יישומים, נוכחות NDC נתפסה כיתרון 13. יתר על כן, אם החומר אינו מכיל בורון מספיק זה יתנהג כמוליכים למחצה מסוג p ולהראות רגישות מופחתת למינים חיזור בחלון הפוטנציאל המצמצם, שבו החומר הוא מדולדל ביותר של נושאי מטען 7. לבסוף, הכימיה של פני השטח של יהלום מסומם בורון (BDD) יכולה גם לשחק תפקיד בתגובה אלקטרוכימיים שנצפתה. זה נכון במיוחד עבור מיני תחום פנימיים שהם רגישים אל פני השטח כימיה ולהפחית יהלומים מסוממים בי (H -) - מימן משטח הופסק עלול להפוך אלקטרודה BDD ניצוח למחצה מופיעה &quot;כמו-מתכת&quot; 7. כדי לנצל את התכונות מעולה של BDD, הוא לעתים קרובות חיוני החומר מסומם מספיק ומכיל מעט כNDC ככל האפשר. תלוי בשיטה שאומצה לגדול BDD, המאפיינים יכולים להשתנות 14,15. מאמר זה מציע חומרים ונבחרים ראשוןמדריך פרוטוקול אפיון rochemical להערכת התאמת BDD אלקטרודה לפני השימוש (כלומר בורון מספיק, NDC המינימלי) ולאחר מכן מתאר יישום אחד המבוסס באופן מקומי שינוי pH אלקטרוכימי באמצעות אלקטרודה-מאומת פרוטוקול. תהליך זה מנצל את עמידות פני השטח של NDC ללא BDD לקורוזיה או פירוק תחת יישום של פוטנציאל קיצוני מיושם (או זרמים) לפרקי זמן ארוכים. בפרט השימוש באלקטרודה BDD ליצור פרוטון יציב (+ H) או הידרוקסיד (OH -) והנתיבים בשל אלקטרוליזה (חמצון או הפחתת בהתאמה) של מים בסמיכות לשנייה (חיישן) 16,17 מתואר במסמך זה. בדרך זו ניתן לשלוט בסביבת ה- pH של החיישן באופן שיטתי, למשל עבור ניסויי טיטרציה pH, או לתקן את ה- pH בשווי שבו התהליך אלקטרוכימי הוא רגיש ביותר. זו האחרונה היא שימושית במיוחד עבוריישומים שבם החיישן ממוקם במקור, למשל נהר, אגם, ים ואת ה- pH של המערכת הוא לא אופטימלי למדידה אלקטרוכימי של עניין. שתי דוגמאות האחרונות כוללות: דור (i) של pH הנמוך מקומי, בפתרון ניטראלי pH, לelectrodeposition והפשטה של כספית 17; לב BDD הוא חומר מועדף לelectrodeposition של מתכות בשל החלון קתודית המורחב 9,18,19. (Ii) כימות של הטופס אלקטרוכימי לזיהוי של מימן גופרתי, נכחו בpH הגבוה, על ידי מקומי להגדיל את ה- pH ניטראלי מ -16 לתוקף בסיסי.

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		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:117px;">Pt Wire</td>
			<td style="width:64px;"></td>
			<td style="width:75px;"></td>
			<td style="width:117px;">Counter Electrode</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="100">
			<td height="100" style="height:100px;width:117px;">Saturated Calomel Electrode</td>
			<td style="width:64px;">IJ Cambria Scientific Ltd.</td>
			<td style="width:75px;">2056</td>
			<td style="width:117px;">Reference Electrode (alternatively use Ag|AgCl)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:117px;">BDD Electrode</td>
			<td style="width:64px;"></td>
			<td style="width:75px;"></td>
			<td style="width:117px;">Working Electrode</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="60">
			<td height="60" style="height:60px;width:117px;">Iridium Tetrachloride</td>
			<td style="width:64px;">VWR International Ltd</td>
			<td style="width:75px;">12184.01</td>
			<td style="width:117px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:117px;">Hydrogen Peroxide</td>
			<td style="width:64px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:75px;">H1009</td>
			<td style="width:117px;">(30% w/w) Corrosive</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:117px;">Oxalic Acid&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:64px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:75px;">241172</td>
			<td style="width:117px;">Harmful, Irritant</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="60">
			<td height="60" style="height:60px;width:117px;">Anhydrous Potassium Chloride</td>
			<td style="width:64px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:75px;">451029</td>
			<td style="width:117px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="60">
			<td height="60" style="height:60px;width:117px;">Sulphuric Acid</td>
			<td style="width:64px;">VWR International Ltd</td>
			<td style="width:75px;">102765G</td>
			<td style="width:117px;">(98%) Corrosive</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:117px;">Potassium Nitrate</td>
			<td style="width:64px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:75px;">221295</td>
			<td style="width:117px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="60">
			<td height="60" style="height:60px;width:117px;">Hexaamine Ruthenium Chloride</td>
			<td style="width:64px;">Strem Chemicals Inc.</td>
			<td style="width:75px;">44-0620</td>
			<td style="width:117px;">Irritant</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:117px;">Perchloric Acid</td>
			<td style="width:64px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:75px;">311421</td>
			<td style="width:117px;">Oxidising, Corrosive</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:117px;">2-Propanol</td>
			<td style="width:64px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:75px;">24137</td>
			<td style="width:117px;">Flammable</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:117px;">Nitric Acid</td>
			<td style="width:64px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:75px;">695033</td>
			<td style="width:117px;">Oxidising, Corrosive</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:117px;">Sputter/ Evapourator</td>
			<td style="width:64px;"></td>
			<td style="width:75px;"></td>
			<td style="width:117px;">With Ti &#38; Au targets</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:117px;">Raman</td>
			<td style="width:64px;"></td>
			<td style="width:75px;"></td>
			<td style="width:117px;">514.5 nm laser</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:117px;">Annealing Oven</td>
			<td style="width:64px;"></td>
			<td style="width:75px;"></td>
			<td style="width:117px;">Capable of 400&#176;C</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:117px;">Ag paste</td>
			<td style="width:64px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:75px;">735825</td>
			<td style="width:117px;">or other conductive paint</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:117px;">Potentiostat</td>
			<td style="width:64px;"></td>
			<td style="width:75px;"></td>
			<td style="width:117px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:117px;">pH Buffer solutions</td>
			<td style="width:64px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:75px;">38740-38752</td>
			<td style="width:117px;">Fixanal buffer concentrates</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="60">
			<td height="60" style="height:60px;width:117px;">Phenolphthalein Indicator</td>
			<td style="width:64px;">VWR International Ltd</td>
			<td style="width:75px;">210893Q</td>
			<td style="width:117px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:117px;">Methyl Red Indicator</td>
			<td style="width:64px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:75px;">32654</td>
			<td style="width:117px;"></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

assessment of boron doped diamond electrode quality and application to in situ modification of local ph by water electrolysis

אלקטרודות בורון יהלומים מסוממים (BDD) הראו הבטחה רבה כחומר אלקטרודה שבו רב של נכסים דיווחו כגון חלון הוארך ממס, זרמי רקע נמוכים, עמידות בפני קורוזיה, וכו &#39;, נובע מאופי catalytically אינרטי של פני השטח. עם זאת, אם במהלך תהליך הצמיחה, ללא יהלומים-פחמן (NDC) הופך שולב לתוך מטריצת אלקטרודה, המאפיינים אלקטרוכימי ישתנו כמשטח הופך להיות יותר catalytically פעיל. ככזה הוא חשוב כי electrochemist מודע לאיכות וכתוצאה מכך תכונות אלקטרוכימי מפתח של האלקטרודה BDD לפני השימוש. מאמר זה מתאר שורה של צעדי אפיון, כוללים מיקרוסקופיה ראמאן, קיבול, חלון הממס ואלקטרוכימיה חיזור, כדי לברר אם האלקטרודה BDD מכילה כלומר sp 2 פחמן זניח NDC זניח. יישום אחד מודגש שמנצל את אינרטי catalyticallyוהטבע עמיד בפני קורוזיה של פני השטח NDC-חופשיים כלומר פרוטונים מקומיים יציבים וכימות וייצור הידרוקסיד בשל אלקטרוליזה של מים באלקטרודה BDD. גישה למדידת שינוי pH המקומי הנגרם על ידי אלקטרוליזה מים באמצעות אלקטרודות מצופות BDD תחמוצת אירידיום גם תוארה בפירוט.

מאפייני ספקטרום ואלקטרוכימיים ראמאן התקבלו לאלקטרודות macrodisc נציג BDD עם צפיפויות שונות dopant, ושתי רמות משמעותיות וזניחות של NDC, איורים 1 ו -2. נתונים ראמאן טיפוסיים האיורים 1 א &#39;וב&#39; מופע לNDC המכיל מייקרו סרט הדק BDD ?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Assessment of Boron Doped Diamond Electrode Quality and Application to In Situ Modification of Local pH by Water Electrolysis at JoVE.com

Assessment of Boron Doped Diamond Electrode Quality and Application to In Situ Modification of Local pH by Water Electrolysis

פרוטוקול מתואר לאפיון של הפרמטרים אלקטרוכימיים המפתח של האלקטרודה יהלומים מסוממים (BDD) בורון ויישום שלאחר מכן בניסויי דור pH האתר.

הערכה של בורון מסוממים יהלומי אלקטרודה איכות ובקשה ל<em&gt; באתר</em&gt; שינוי של pH המקומי על ידי אלקטרוליזה המים

Boron doped diamond (BDD) electrodes have shown considerable promise as an electrode material where many of their reported properties such as extended ...

assessment-boron-doped-diamond-electrode-quality-application-to-situ

Research

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Chemistry

Assessment of Boron Doped Diamond Electrode Quality and Application to In Situ Modification of Local pH by Water Electrolysis

14.7K Views.  University of Warwick.  פרוטוקול מתואר לאפיון של הפרמטרים אלקטרוכימיים המפתח של האלקטרודה יהלומים מסוממים (BDD) בורון ויישום שלאחר מכן בניסויי דור pH האתר. 

Video: Assessment of Boron Doped Diamond Electrode Quality and Application to In Situ Modification of Local pH by Water Electrolysis

Synthesis, Cellular Delivery and In vivo Application of Dendrimer-based pH Sensors

The development of fluorescent indicators represented a revolution for life sciences. Genetically encoded and synthetic fluorophores with sensing abilities allowed the visualization of biologically relevant species with high spatial and temporal resolution. Synthetic dyes are of particular interest thanks to their high tunability and the wide range of measureable analytes. However, these molecules suffer several limitations related to small molecule behavior (poor solubility, difficulties in targeting, often no ratiometric imaging allowed). In this work we introduce the development of dendrimer-based sensors and present a procedure for pH measurement in vitro, in living cells and in vivo. We choose dendrimers as ideal platform for our sensors for their many desirable properties (monodispersity, tunable properties, multivalency) that made them a widely used scaffold for several biomedical devices. The conjugation of fluorescent pH indicators to the dendrimer scaffold led to an enhancement of their sensing performances. In particular dendrimers exhibit reduced cell leakage, improved intracellular targeting and allow ratiometric measurements. These novel sensors were successfully employed to measure pH in living HeLa cells and in vivo in mouse brain.

Synthesis, Cellular Delivery and In vivo Application of Dendrimer-based pH Sensors

Fluorescence sensors are powerful tools in life science. Here we describe a methodology to synthesize and use dendrimer-based fluorescent sensors to measure pH in living cells and in vivo. The dendritic scaffold enhances the properties of conjugated fluorescent dyes leading to improved sensing properties.

סינתזה, משלוח נייד ו<em&gt; בvivo</em&gt; יישום של חיישני pH מבוססי dendrimer

The development of  fluorescent indicators represented a revolution for life sciences. Genetically  encoded and synthetic fluorophores with sensing ...

Synthesis of Non-uniformly Pr-doped SrTiO3 Ceramics and Their Thermoelectric Properties

We demonstrate a novel synthesis strategy for the preparation of Pr-doped SrTiO3 ceramics via a combination of solid state reaction and spark plasma sintering techniques. Polycrystalline ceramics possessing a unique morphology can be achieved by optimizing the process parameters, particularly spark plasma sintering heating rate. The phase and morphology of the synthesized ceramics were investigated in detail using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microcopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. It was observed that the grains of these bulk Pr-doped SrTiO3 ceramics were enhanced with Pr-rich grain boundaries. Electronic and thermal transport properties were also investigated as a function of temperature and doping concentration. Such a microstructure was found to give rise to improved thermoelectric properties. Specifically, it resulted in a significant improvement in carrier mobility and the thermoelectric power factor. Simultaneously, it also led to a marked reduction in the thermal conductivity. As a result, a significant improvement (> 30%) in the thermoelectric figure of merit was achieved for the whole temperature range over all previously reported maximum values for SrTiO3-based ceramics. This synthesis demonstrates the steps for the preparation of bulk polycrystalline ceramics of non-uniformly Pr-doped SrTiO3.

Synthesis of Non-uniformly Pr-doped SrTiO3 Ceramics and Their Thermoelectric Properties

A protocol for the synthesis and processing of polycrystalline SrTiO3 ceramics doped non-uniformly with Pr is presented along with the investigation of their thermoelectric properties.

סינתזה של SrTiO מסומם-PR ללא אחיד<sub&gt; 3</sub&gt; קרמיקה והנכסים תרמיות שלהם

We demonstrate a novel synthesis strategy for the preparation of Pr-doped SrTiO3 ceramics via a combination of solid state reaction and spark plasma ...

In Situ Characterization of Hydrated Proteins in Water by SALVI and ToF-SIMS

This work demonstrates in situ characterization of protein biomolecules in the aqueous solution using the System for Analysis at the Liquid Vacuum Interface (SALVI) and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS). The fibronectin protein film was immobilized on the silicon nitride (SiN) membrane that forms the SALVI detection area. During ToF-SIMS analysis, three modes of analysis were conducted including high spatial resolution mass spectrometry, two-dimensional (2D) imaging, and depth profiling. Mass spectra were acquired in both positive and negative modes. Deionized water was also analyzed as a reference sample. Our results show that the fibronectin film in water has more distinct and stronger water cluster peaks compared to water alone. Characteristic peaks of amino acid fragments are also observable in the hydrated protein ToF-SIMS spectra. These results illustrate that protein molecule adsorption on a surface can be studied dynamically using SALVI and ToF-SIMS in the liquid environment for the first time.

In Situ Characterization of Hydrated Proteins in Water by SALVI and ToF-SIMS

This work presents a protocol for liquid handling and sample introduction to a microchannel for in situ time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry analysis of protein biomolecules in an aqueous solution.

באפיון באתרו של חלבונים מימה במים על ידי Salvi ו TOF-SIMS

This work demonstrates in situ characterization of protein biomolecules in the aqueous solution using the System for Analysis at the Liquid Vacuum ...

In Situ Characterization of Shewanella oneidensis MR1 Biofilms by SALVI and ToF-SIMS

Bacterial biofilms are surface-associated communities that are vastly studied to understand their self-produced extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and their roles in environmental microbiology. This study outlines a method to cultivate biofilm attachment to the System for Analysis at the Liquid Vacuum Interface (SALVI) and achieve in situ chemical mapping of a living biofilm by time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS). This is done through the culturing of bacteria both outside and within the SALVI channel with our specialized setup, as well as through optical imaging techniques to detect the biofilm presence and thickness before ToF-SIMS analysis. Our results show the characteristic peaks of the Shewanella biofilm in its natural hydrated state, highlighting upon its localized water cluster environment, as well as EPS fragments, which are drastically different from the same biofilm's dehydrated state. These results demonstrate the breakthrough capability of SALVI that allows for in situ biofilm imaging with a vacuum-based chemical imaging instrument.

In Situ Characterization of Shewanella oneidensis MR1 Biofilms by SALVI and ToF-SIMS

This article presents a method for growing a biofilm for in situ time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry for chemical mapping in its hydrated state, enabled by a microfluidic reactor, System for Analysis at the liquid Vacuum Interface. The Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 with green fluorescence protein was used as a model.

בחיי עיר אפיון Biofilms MR1 Shewanella oneidensis על ידי SALVI וסימס תוף

Bacterial biofilms are surface-associated communities that are vastly studied to understand their self-produced extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) ...

In Situ Characterization of Boehmite Particles in Water Using Liquid SEM

In situ imaging and elemental analysis of boehmite (AlOOH) particles in water is realized using the System for Analysis at the Liquid Vacuum Interface (SALVI) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). This paper describes the method and key steps in integrating the vacuum compatible SAVLI to SEM and obtaining secondary electron (SE) images of particles in liquid in high vacuum. Energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX) is used to obtain elemental analysis of particles in liquid and control samples including deionized (DI) water only and an empty channel as well. Synthesized boehmite (AlOOH) particles suspended in liquid are used as a model in the liquid SEM illustration. The results demonstrate that the particles can be imaged in the SE mode with good resolution (i.e., 400 nm). The AlOOH EDX spectrum shows significant signal from the aluminum (Al) when compared with the DI water and the empty channel control. In situ liquid SEM is a powerful technique to study particles in liquid with many exciting applications. This procedure aims to provide technical know-how in order to conduct liquid SEM imaging and EDX analysis using SALVI and to reduce potential pitfalls when using this approach.

In Situ Characterization of Boehmite Particles in Water Using Liquid SEM

We present a procedure for real-time imaging and elemental composition analysis of boehmite particles in deionized water by in situ liquid Scanning Electron Microscopy.

בחיי עיר איפיון חלקיקים Boehmite במים באמצעות נוזלי SEM

In situ imaging and elemental analysis of boehmite (AlOOH) particles in water is realized using the System for Analysis at the Liquid Vacuum Interface ...

Microfluidic Dry-spinning and Characterization of Regenerated Silk Fibroin Fibers

The protocol demonstrates a method for mimicking the spinning process of silkworm. In the native spinning process, the contracting spinning duct enables the silk proteins to be compact and ordered by shearing and elongation forces. Here, a biomimetic microfluidic channel was designed to mimic the specific geometry of the spinning duct of the silkworm. Regenerated silk fibroin (RSF) spinning doped with high concentration, was extruded through the microchannel to dry-spin fibers at ambient temperature and pressure. In the post-treated process, the as-spun fibers were drawn and stored in ethanol aqueous solution. Synchrotron radiation wide-angle X-ray diffraction (SR-WAXD) technology was used to investigate the microstructure of single RSF fibers, which were fixed to a sample holder with the RSF fiber axis normal to the microbeam of the X-ray. The crystallinity, crystallite size, and crystalline orientation of the fiber were calculated from the WAXD data. The diffraction arcs near the equator of the two-dimensional WAXD pattern indicate that the post-treated RSF fiber has a high orientation degree.

A protocol for the microfluidic spinning and microstructure characterization of regenerated silk fibroin monofilament is presented.

Microfluidic יבש-ספינינג ואפיון של סיבי Fibroin משי מחדש

The protocol demonstrates a method for mimicking the spinning process of silkworm. In the native spinning process, the contracting spinning duct enables ...

Synthesis of Core-shell Lanthanide-doped Upconversion Nanocrystals for Cellular Applications

Lanthanide-doped upconversion nanocrystals (UCNs) have attracted much attention in recent years based on their promising and controllable optical properties, which allow for the absorption of near-infrared (NIR) light and can subsequently convert it into multiplexed emissions that span over a broad range of regions from the UV to the visible to the NIR. This article presents detailed experimental procedures for high-temperature co-precipitation synthesis of core-shell UCNs that incorporate different lanthanide ions into nanocrystals for efficiently converting deep-tissue penetrable NIR excitation (808 nm) into a strong blue emission at 480 nm. By controlling the surface modification with biocompatible polymer (polyacrylic acid, PAA), the as-prepared UCNs acquires great solubility in buffer solutions. The hydrophilic nanocrystals are further functionalized with specific ligands (dibenzyl cyclooctyne, DBCO) for localization on the cell membrane. Upon NIR light (808 nm) irradiation, the upconverted blue emission can effectively activate the light-gated channel protein on the cell membrane and specifically regulate the cation (e.g., Ca2+) influx in the cytoplasm. This protocol provides a feasible methodology for the synthesis of core-shell lanthanide-doped UCNs and subsequent biocompatible surface modification for further cellular applications.

A protocol is presented for the synthesis of core-shell lanthanide-doped upconversion nanocrystals (UCNs) and their cellular applications for channel protein regulation upon near-infrared (NIR) light illumination.

סינתזה של ליבה-קליפה מסטול לנתניד Upconversion Nanocrystals עבור אפליקציות לסלולר

Lanthanide-doped upconversion nanocrystals (UCNs) have attracted much attention in recent years based on their promising and controllable optical ...

Rapid Nanoprobe Signal Enhancement by In Situ Gold Nanoparticle Synthesis

The use of nanoprobes such as gold, silver, silica or iron-oxide nanoparticles as detection reagents in bioanalytical assays can enable high sensitivity and convenient colorimetric readout. However, high densities of nanoparticles are typically needed for detection. The available synthesis-based enhancement protocols are either limited to gold and silver nanoparticles or rely on precise enzymatic control and optimization. Here, we present a protocol to enhance the colorimetric readout of gold, silver, silica, and iron oxide nanoprobes. It was observed that the colorimetric signal can be improved by up to a 10000-fold factor. The basis for such signal enhancement strategies is the chemical reduction of Au3+ to Au0. There are several chemical reactions that enable the reduction of Au3+ to Au0. In the protocol, Good&#39;s buffers and H2O2 are used and it is possible to favor the deposition of Au0 onto the surface of existing nanoprobes, in detriment of the formation of new gold nanoparticles. The protocol consists of the incubation of the microarray with a solution consisting of chloroauric acid and H2O2 in 2-(N-morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid pH 6 buffer following the nanoprobe-based detection assay. The enhancement solution can be applied to paper and glass-based sensors. Moreover, it can be used in commercially available immunoassays as demonstrated by the application of the method to a commercial allergen microarray. The signal development requires less than 5 min of incubation with the enhancement solution and the readout can be assessed by naked eye or low-end image acquisition devices such as a table-top scanner or a digital camera.

Rapid Nanoprobe Signal Enhancement by In Situ Gold Nanoparticle Synthesis

In this work, a protocol for signal enhancement of nanoprobe-based biosensing is presented. The protocol is based on the reduction of chloroauric acid onto the surface of existing nanoprobes that consist of gold, silver, silica or iron-oxide nanoparticles.

שיפור האות Nanoprobe מהירה על ידי באתרו בתוך Nanoparticle זהב סינתזה

The use of nanoprobes such as gold, silver, silica or iron-oxide nanoparticles as detection reagents in bioanalytical assays can enable high sensitivity ...

In Situ Lithiated Reference Electrode: Four Electrode Design for In-operando Impedance Spectroscopy

Extending operating voltage of Li-ion batteries results in higher energy output from these devices. High voltages, however, may trigger or accelerate multiple processes responsible for long-term performance decay. Given the complexity of physical processes occurring inside the cell, it is often challenging to achieve a full understanding of the root causes of this performance degradation. This difficulty arises in part from the fact that any electrochemical measurement of a battery will return the combined contributions of all components in the cell. Incorporation of a reference electrode can solve part of the problem, as it allows the electrochemical reactions of the cathode and the anode to be individually probed. A variation in the voltage range experienced by the cathode, for example, can indicate alterations in the pool of cyclable lithium ions in the full-cell. The structural evolution of the many interphases existing in the battery can also be monitored, by measuring the contributions of each electrode to the overall cell impedance. Such wealth of information amplifies the reach of diagnostic analysis in Li-ion batteries and provides valuable input to the optimization of individual cell components. In this work, we introduce the design of a test cell able to accommodate multiple reference electrodes, and present reference electrodes that are appropriate for each specific type of measurement, detailing the assembly process in order to maximize the accuracy of the experimental results.

The incorporation of reference electrodes in a Li-ion battery provides valuable information to elucidate degradation mechanisms at high voltages. In this article, we present a cell design that accommodates multiple reference electrodes, along with the assembly steps to assure maximum accuracy of the data obtained in electrochemical measurements.

אלקטרודה הפניה Lithiated באתרו: אלקטרודה ארבע עיצוב עבור ספקטרוסקופיה עכבה בבית-operando

Extending operating voltage of Li-ion batteries results in higher energy output from these devices. High voltages, however, may trigger or accelerate ...

Negative Additive Manufacturing of Complex Shaped Boron Carbides

Boron carbide (B4C) is one of the hardest materials in existence. However, this attractive property also limits its machineability into complex shapes for high wear, high hardness, and lightweight material applications such as armors. To overcome this challenge, negative additive manufacturing (AM) is employed to produce complex geometries of boron carbides at various length scales. Negative AM first involves gelcasting a suspension into a 3D-printed plastic mold. The mold is then dissolved away, leaving behind a green body as a negative copy. Resorcinol-formaldehyde (RF) is used as a novel gelling agent because unlike traditional hydrogels, there is little to no shrinkage, which allows for extremely complex molds to be used. Furthermore, this gelling agent can be pyrolyzed to leave behind ~50 wt% carbon, which is a highly effective sintering aid for B4C. Due to this highly homogenous distribution of in situ carbon within the B4C matrix, less than 2% porosity can be achieved after sintering. This protocol highlights in detail the methodology for creating near fully dense boron carbide parts with highly complex geometries.

A method called negative additive manufacturing is used to produce near fully dense complex shaped boron carbide parts of various length scales. This technique is possible via the formulation of a novel suspension involving resorcinol-formaldehyde as a unique gelling agent that leaves behind a homogenous carbon sintering aid after pyrolysis.

הייצור מוספים שלילי של קומפלקס בצורת Carbides בורון

Boron carbide (B4C) is one of the hardest materials in existence. However, this attractive property also limits its machineability into complex shapes for ...