우리는 그림 (b)에서 사진과 비디오, 미스 제니퍼 웹의 접촉각 측정에 대한 조언과 비주얼을 위해 광학 현미경 이미지를 처리하기 위해 박사 조나단 Newland 감사드립니다, 그림 2B에서 미스 크기 씨 - 음 탄 용매 창에 대한 데이터 박사 맥심 조셉 라만 분광법에 대한 조언, 그리고 여기에 기술 된 프로토콜을 개발하는 데 도움이 워릭 전기 화학 및 인터페이스 그룹의 또한 회원. 우리는 또한 프로토콜 촬영에서 자신의 일부를 최대 요셉, Lingcong 멩, 조이 아이레스와 로이 Meyler에게 감사의 말씀을 전합니다.

The authors declare that they have no competing financial interests.

H-종료 표면이 특히 높은 양극 전위 7,40,41에서, 전기 화학적으로 불안정하기 때문에 O-종료 표면 시작은 주장한다. 표면 종단 변경 등 (로컬 용액의 pH를 변경하는 것으로 사용) 물의 전기 같은 내부 구 쌍의 전자 전달 반응 속도에 영향을 미칠 수있다. BDD 곡물 경계에서 중요한 NDC가 포함되어있는 경우 또한, 극단적 인 양극의 응용 프로그램에 / 음극 잠재력이 약한 지점에서 발생할 수있는 ?...

어떤 electroanalytical 조사를 실시 할 때의 전극 재료의 선택은 매우 중요하다. 최근 몇 년 동안, SP 3 탄소 (다이아몬드) 재질을 렌더링 할 수있는 충분한 붕소 도핑 &quot;금속 등&quot;으로 인해 우수한 전기 (열 및 기계적) 특성 1,2에 electroanalytical 다양한 애플리케이션을위한 인기있는 선택이되었다 3. 이들은 일반적으로 사용되는 전극 재료 5-7,3에 비해 극단적 부식 용액, 온도 및 압력 조건 4 초광각 용매 창문, 낮은 배경 전류 이하의 저항, 및 감소 된 오염을 포함한다. 그러나, 증가하는 비 다이아몬드 탄소 (NDC : SP 2) 예를 들면 배경 전류 7,8, 다른 내부 구 독스 종 방향 모두 구조적 완전성과 감도 변화, 증가 감소 용매 창의 콘텐츠 결과. 산소 9-12. 그래서 참고 사항나 응용 프로그램은, NDC 존재는 유리 (13)로 볼 수있다. 재료는 충분한 붕소를 포함하지 않는 경우는 또한, p 형 반도체로서 행동하고 재료가 가장 전하 캐리어 (7)의 고갈을 환원 전위 창에서 산화 환원 종의 환원에 대한 민감도를 보여준다. 마지막으로, 붕소 도핑 된 다이아몬드 표면 화학 (BDD)도 관측 전기 화학 반응에 역할을 할 수있다. 이 수소 (H -) - 어디 화학 표면 및 도핑 다이아몬드를 낮출 민감한 내부 구 종에 특히 사실이다 종료 표면이 반 실시 BDD 전극을 표시 할 수있다 &quot;금속 같은&quot;7. BDD의 우수한 특성을 활용하기 위해, 물질이 충분히 도핑되어 종종 필수적이며 가능한 한 적은 NDC를 포함한다. BDD 성장 채택 된 방법에 따라, 속성은 14, 15을 다를 수 있습니다. 이 논문은 먼저 재료와 당선자를 제안다음 사용하기 전에 BDD 전극 적합성 (즉 충분한 붕소, 최소 NDC)를 평가하고 대한 rochemical 특성 프로토콜 가이드는 로컬 전기 프로토콜 검증 된 전극을 사용하여 pH를 변화를 기반으로 한 응용 프로그램에 대해 설명합니다. 이 프로세스는 장시간 극한인가 전위 (또는 전류)의인가 하에서 부식 또는 용해 향해 NDC없는 BDD의 표면 탄성을 이용한다. 특히 BDD 전극의 사용은 안정한 양성자 (H의 +) 또는 히드 록 시드를 생성하기 위해 (OH -) (16, 17)는 본 명세서에서 설명되는 제 2 (센서)에 근접 물의 전기 (각각 산화 또는 환원)에 의한 플럭스. 이러한 방식으로 그것의 pH 적정 실험 예 체계적으로 센서의 pH 환경을 제어하기 위해, 또는 전기 화학적 프로세스가 가장 민감 값으로 pH를 고정 할 수있다. 후자는 특히 유용센서는 소스, 예를 들어 강, 호수, 바다 및 시스템의 pH에 배치되는 애플리케이션의 관심 전기 화학적 측정을위한 최적이 아니다. 두 가지 최근의 예는 다음과 같습니다 전착 및 수은 (17)의 제거를위한 pH가 중성 용액에서 지역화 된 낮은 pH의 (I) 세대,; BDD 인해 확장 된 음극 창 9,18,19에 금속의 전착에 대한 선호하는 소재되어 있습니다. (ⅱ) 로컬 중성 강알칼리 (16)로부터의 pH를 증가시킴으로써 높은 pH에서 본 황화수소의 전기 화학적 검출 가능한 형태의 정량.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="373">
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		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:117px;">Pt Wire</td>
			<td style="width:64px;"></td>
			<td style="width:75px;"></td>
			<td style="width:117px;">Counter Electrode</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="100">
			<td height="100" style="height:100px;width:117px;">Saturated Calomel Electrode</td>
			<td style="width:64px;">IJ Cambria Scientific Ltd.</td>
			<td style="width:75px;">2056</td>
			<td style="width:117px;">Reference Electrode (alternatively use Ag|AgCl)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:117px;">BDD Electrode</td>
			<td style="width:64px;"></td>
			<td style="width:75px;"></td>
			<td style="width:117px;">Working Electrode</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="60">
			<td height="60" style="height:60px;width:117px;">Iridium Tetrachloride</td>
			<td style="width:64px;">VWR International Ltd</td>
			<td style="width:75px;">12184.01</td>
			<td style="width:117px;"></td>
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		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:117px;">Hydrogen Peroxide</td>
			<td style="width:64px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:75px;">H1009</td>
			<td style="width:117px;">(30% w/w) Corrosive</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:117px;">Oxalic Acid&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:64px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:75px;">241172</td>
			<td style="width:117px;">Harmful, Irritant</td>
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			<td height="60" style="height:60px;width:117px;">Anhydrous Potassium Chloride</td>
			<td style="width:64px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:75px;">451029</td>
			<td style="width:117px;"></td>
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		<tr height="60">
			<td height="60" style="height:60px;width:117px;">Sulphuric Acid</td>
			<td style="width:64px;">VWR International Ltd</td>
			<td style="width:75px;">102765G</td>
			<td style="width:117px;">(98%) Corrosive</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:117px;">Potassium Nitrate</td>
			<td style="width:64px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:75px;">221295</td>
			<td style="width:117px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="60">
			<td height="60" style="height:60px;width:117px;">Hexaamine Ruthenium Chloride</td>
			<td style="width:64px;">Strem Chemicals Inc.</td>
			<td style="width:75px;">44-0620</td>
			<td style="width:117px;">Irritant</td>
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		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:117px;">Perchloric Acid</td>
			<td style="width:64px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:75px;">311421</td>
			<td style="width:117px;">Oxidising, Corrosive</td>
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		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:117px;">2-Propanol</td>
			<td style="width:64px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:75px;">24137</td>
			<td style="width:117px;">Flammable</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:117px;">Nitric Acid</td>
			<td style="width:64px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:75px;">695033</td>
			<td style="width:117px;">Oxidising, Corrosive</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:117px;">Sputter/ Evapourator</td>
			<td style="width:64px;"></td>
			<td style="width:75px;"></td>
			<td style="width:117px;">With Ti &#38; Au targets</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:117px;">Raman</td>
			<td style="width:64px;"></td>
			<td style="width:75px;"></td>
			<td style="width:117px;">514.5 nm laser</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:117px;">Annealing Oven</td>
			<td style="width:64px;"></td>
			<td style="width:75px;"></td>
			<td style="width:117px;">Capable of 400&#176;C</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:117px;">Ag paste</td>
			<td style="width:64px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:75px;">735825</td>
			<td style="width:117px;">or other conductive paint</td>
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		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:117px;">Potentiostat</td>
			<td style="width:64px;"></td>
			<td style="width:75px;"></td>
			<td style="width:117px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:117px;">pH Buffer solutions</td>
			<td style="width:64px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:75px;">38740-38752</td>
			<td style="width:117px;">Fixanal buffer concentrates</td>
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		<tr height="60">
			<td height="60" style="height:60px;width:117px;">Phenolphthalein Indicator</td>
			<td style="width:64px;">VWR International Ltd</td>
			<td style="width:75px;">210893Q</td>
			<td style="width:117px;"></td>
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		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:117px;">Methyl Red Indicator</td>
			<td style="width:64px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:75px;">32654</td>
			<td style="width:117px;"></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

assessment of boron doped diamond electrode quality and application to in situ modification of local ph by water electrolysis

붕소 도핑 된 다이아몬드 (BDD) 전극 등 연장 용매 창 낮은 배경 전류, 내식성, 그들의보고 된 많은 특성은 표면의 촉매 불활성 자연에서 발생하는 전극 재료로서 상당한 가능성을 보여 주었다. 성장 공정 동안, 비 다이아몬드 탄소 (NDC)의 전극 매트릭스에 혼입 될 경우 표면이 더해진다 촉매 활성 그러나, 전기 화학적 특성이 변경된다. 따라서 그것은 electrochemist의 품질을 인식하고 사용 전에 BDD 전극의 전기 화학적 특성 키를 생성하는 것이 중요하다. 본 논문은 BDD 전극을 무시할 NDC 즉 무시할 SP 2 탄소가 포함되어 있는지 여부를 확인하기 위해, 라만 현미경, 용량, 용매 창 및 산화 환원 전기 화학을 포함하여 특성화 단계의 시리즈를 설명합니다. 하나의 응용은 촉매 불활성 활용되는 강조및 NDC없는 표면의 부식 방지 특성으로 인해 BDD 전극에서 물 전기 분해에 안정적이고 정량화 지역 양성자와 수산화 생산을 즉. 산화 이리듐 코팅 BDD 전극을 이용하여 물을 전기 분해에 의해 유도 된 로컬 pH 변화를 측정하는 방법도 상세히 설명한다.

라만 스펙트럼 및 전기 화학적 특성이 상이한 도펀트 밀도 대표 BDD의 macrodisc 전극에 대해 획득하고, NDC 상당한 무시할 수준, 모두 1, 2를 도시한다.도 1a 및 B 쇼 전형적인 라만 데이터 박막 미세 BDD 큰 그레인 NDC가 함유위한 자립 BDD는 각각 금속 임계치 이상 도핑. NDC의 존재는 1400과 1,600cm -1 사이의 레?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Assessment of Boron Doped Diamond Electrode Quality and Application to In Situ Modification of Local pH by Water Electrolysis at JoVE.com

Assessment of Boron Doped Diamond Electrode Quality and Application to In Situ Modification of Local pH by Water Electrolysis

프로토콜 시츄 산도 생성 실험에 대한 붕소 도핑 된 다이아몬드 (BDD) 전극 및 후속 출원의 주요 전기 파라미터의 특성에 대해 설명한다.

붕소 도핑 다이아몬드 전극 품질 및 응용 프로그램에 대한 평가<em&gt; 현장에서</em&gt; 물 전기 분해에 의해 지역의 pH 수정

Boron doped diamond (BDD) electrodes have shown considerable promise as an electrode material where many of their reported properties such as extended ...

assessment-boron-doped-diamond-electrode-quality-application-to-situ

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Chemistry

Assessment of Boron Doped Diamond Electrode Quality and Application to In Situ Modification of Local pH by Water Electrolysis

14.7K 조회수.  University of Warwick.  프로토콜 시츄 산도 생성 실험에 대한 붕소 도핑 된 다이아몬드 (BDD) 전극 및 후속 출원의 주요 전기 파라미터의 특성에 대해 설명한다. 

비디오: Assessment of Boron Doped Diamond Electrode Quality and Application to In Situ Modification of Local pH by Water Electrolysis

Synthesis, Cellular Delivery and In vivo Application of Dendrimer-based pH Sensors

The development of fluorescent indicators represented a revolution for life sciences. Genetically encoded and synthetic fluorophores with sensing abilities allowed the visualization of biologically relevant species with high spatial and temporal resolution. Synthetic dyes are of particular interest thanks to their high tunability and the wide range of measureable analytes. However, these molecules suffer several limitations related to small molecule behavior (poor solubility, difficulties in targeting, often no ratiometric imaging allowed). In this work we introduce the development of dendrimer-based sensors and present a procedure for pH measurement in vitro, in living cells and in vivo. We choose dendrimers as ideal platform for our sensors for their many desirable properties (monodispersity, tunable properties, multivalency) that made them a widely used scaffold for several biomedical devices. The conjugation of fluorescent pH indicators to the dendrimer scaffold led to an enhancement of their sensing performances. In particular dendrimers exhibit reduced cell leakage, improved intracellular targeting and allow ratiometric measurements. These novel sensors were successfully employed to measure pH in living HeLa cells and in vivo in mouse brain.

Synthesis, Cellular Delivery and In vivo Application of Dendrimer-based pH Sensors

Fluorescence sensors are powerful tools in life science. Here we describe a methodology to synthesize and use dendrimer-based fluorescent sensors to measure pH in living cells and in vivo. The dendritic scaffold enhances the properties of conjugated fluorescent dyes leading to improved sensing properties.

합성, 세포 전달 및<em&gt; 생체 내</em&gt; 덴드리머 기반 pH 센서의 응용 프로그램

The development of  fluorescent indicators represented a revolution for life sciences. Genetically  encoded and synthetic fluorophores with sensing ...

연구

화학

Synthesis of Non-uniformly Pr-doped SrTiO3 Ceramics and Their Thermoelectric Properties

We demonstrate a novel synthesis strategy for the preparation of Pr-doped SrTiO3 ceramics via a combination of solid state reaction and spark plasma sintering techniques. Polycrystalline ceramics possessing a unique morphology can be achieved by optimizing the process parameters, particularly spark plasma sintering heating rate. The phase and morphology of the synthesized ceramics were investigated in detail using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microcopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. It was observed that the grains of these bulk Pr-doped SrTiO3 ceramics were enhanced with Pr-rich grain boundaries. Electronic and thermal transport properties were also investigated as a function of temperature and doping concentration. Such a microstructure was found to give rise to improved thermoelectric properties. Specifically, it resulted in a significant improvement in carrier mobility and the thermoelectric power factor. Simultaneously, it also led to a marked reduction in the thermal conductivity. As a result, a significant improvement (> 30%) in the thermoelectric figure of merit was achieved for the whole temperature range over all previously reported maximum values for SrTiO3-based ceramics. This synthesis demonstrates the steps for the preparation of bulk polycrystalline ceramics of non-uniformly Pr-doped SrTiO3.

Synthesis of Non-uniformly Pr-doped SrTiO3 Ceramics and Their Thermoelectric Properties

A protocol for the synthesis and processing of polycrystalline SrTiO3 ceramics doped non-uniformly with Pr is presented along with the investigation of their thermoelectric properties.

불균일 PR-도핑 된 SrTiO3의 합성<sub&gt; 3</sub&gt; 도자기와 그 열전 특성

We demonstrate a novel synthesis strategy for the preparation of Pr-doped SrTiO3 ceramics via a combination of solid state reaction and spark plasma ...

In Situ Characterization of Hydrated Proteins in Water by SALVI and ToF-SIMS

This work demonstrates in situ characterization of protein biomolecules in the aqueous solution using the System for Analysis at the Liquid Vacuum Interface (SALVI) and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS). The fibronectin protein film was immobilized on the silicon nitride (SiN) membrane that forms the SALVI detection area. During ToF-SIMS analysis, three modes of analysis were conducted including high spatial resolution mass spectrometry, two-dimensional (2D) imaging, and depth profiling. Mass spectra were acquired in both positive and negative modes. Deionized water was also analyzed as a reference sample. Our results show that the fibronectin film in water has more distinct and stronger water cluster peaks compared to water alone. Characteristic peaks of amino acid fragments are also observable in the hydrated protein ToF-SIMS spectra. These results illustrate that protein molecule adsorption on a surface can be studied dynamically using SALVI and ToF-SIMS in the liquid environment for the first time.

In Situ Characterization of Hydrated Proteins in Water by SALVI and ToF-SIMS

This work presents a protocol for liquid handling and sample introduction to a microchannel for in situ time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry analysis of protein biomolecules in an aqueous solution.

SALVI 및으로 ToF-SIMS에 의해 물에 수화 된 단백질의 제자리의 특성에

This work demonstrates in situ characterization of protein biomolecules in the aqueous solution using the System for Analysis at the Liquid Vacuum ...

In Situ Characterization of Shewanella oneidensis MR1 Biofilms by SALVI and ToF-SIMS

Bacterial biofilms are surface-associated communities that are vastly studied to understand their self-produced extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and their roles in environmental microbiology. This study outlines a method to cultivate biofilm attachment to the System for Analysis at the Liquid Vacuum Interface (SALVI) and achieve in situ chemical mapping of a living biofilm by time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS). This is done through the culturing of bacteria both outside and within the SALVI channel with our specialized setup, as well as through optical imaging techniques to detect the biofilm presence and thickness before ToF-SIMS analysis. Our results show the characteristic peaks of the Shewanella biofilm in its natural hydrated state, highlighting upon its localized water cluster environment, as well as EPS fragments, which are drastically different from the same biofilm's dehydrated state. These results demonstrate the breakthrough capability of SALVI that allows for in situ biofilm imaging with a vacuum-based chemical imaging instrument.

In Situ Characterization of Shewanella oneidensis MR1 Biofilms by SALVI and ToF-SIMS

This article presents a method for growing a biofilm for in situ time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry for chemical mapping in its hydrated state, enabled by a microfluidic reactor, System for Analysis at the liquid Vacuum Interface. The Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 with green fluorescence protein was used as a model.

제자리에서 Shewanella oneidensis MR1 Biofilms SALVI 및 ToF 심즈의 특성

Bacterial biofilms are surface-associated communities that are vastly studied to understand their self-produced extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) ...

In Situ Characterization of Boehmite Particles in Water Using Liquid SEM

In situ imaging and elemental analysis of boehmite (AlOOH) particles in water is realized using the System for Analysis at the Liquid Vacuum Interface (SALVI) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). This paper describes the method and key steps in integrating the vacuum compatible SAVLI to SEM and obtaining secondary electron (SE) images of particles in liquid in high vacuum. Energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX) is used to obtain elemental analysis of particles in liquid and control samples including deionized (DI) water only and an empty channel as well. Synthesized boehmite (AlOOH) particles suspended in liquid are used as a model in the liquid SEM illustration. The results demonstrate that the particles can be imaged in the SE mode with good resolution (i.e., 400 nm). The AlOOH EDX spectrum shows significant signal from the aluminum (Al) when compared with the DI water and the empty channel control. In situ liquid SEM is a powerful technique to study particles in liquid with many exciting applications. This procedure aims to provide technical know-how in order to conduct liquid SEM imaging and EDX analysis using SALVI and to reduce potential pitfalls when using this approach.

In Situ Characterization of Boehmite Particles in Water Using Liquid SEM

We present a procedure for real-time imaging and elemental composition analysis of boehmite particles in deionized water by in situ liquid Scanning Electron Microscopy.

제자리에서 액체 SEM을 사용 하 여 물에 Boehmite 입자의 특성

In situ imaging and elemental analysis of boehmite (AlOOH) particles in water is realized using the System for Analysis at the Liquid Vacuum Interface ...

Microfluidic Dry-spinning and Characterization of Regenerated Silk Fibroin Fibers

The protocol demonstrates a method for mimicking the spinning process of silkworm. In the native spinning process, the contracting spinning duct enables the silk proteins to be compact and ordered by shearing and elongation forces. Here, a biomimetic microfluidic channel was designed to mimic the specific geometry of the spinning duct of the silkworm. Regenerated silk fibroin (RSF) spinning doped with high concentration, was extruded through the microchannel to dry-spin fibers at ambient temperature and pressure. In the post-treated process, the as-spun fibers were drawn and stored in ethanol aqueous solution. Synchrotron radiation wide-angle X-ray diffraction (SR-WAXD) technology was used to investigate the microstructure of single RSF fibers, which were fixed to a sample holder with the RSF fiber axis normal to the microbeam of the X-ray. The crystallinity, crystallite size, and crystalline orientation of the fiber were calculated from the WAXD data. The diffraction arcs near the equator of the two-dimensional WAXD pattern indicate that the post-treated RSF fiber has a high orientation degree.

A protocol for the microfluidic spinning and microstructure characterization of regenerated silk fibroin monofilament is presented.

미세 드라이 회전 및 재생성된 실크 Fibroin 섬유의 특성

The protocol demonstrates a method for mimicking the spinning process of silkworm. In the native spinning process, the contracting spinning duct enables ...

Synthesis of Core-shell Lanthanide-doped Upconversion Nanocrystals for Cellular Applications

Lanthanide-doped upconversion nanocrystals (UCNs) have attracted much attention in recent years based on their promising and controllable optical properties, which allow for the absorption of near-infrared (NIR) light and can subsequently convert it into multiplexed emissions that span over a broad range of regions from the UV to the visible to the NIR. This article presents detailed experimental procedures for high-temperature co-precipitation synthesis of core-shell UCNs that incorporate different lanthanide ions into nanocrystals for efficiently converting deep-tissue penetrable NIR excitation (808 nm) into a strong blue emission at 480 nm. By controlling the surface modification with biocompatible polymer (polyacrylic acid, PAA), the as-prepared UCNs acquires great solubility in buffer solutions. The hydrophilic nanocrystals are further functionalized with specific ligands (dibenzyl cyclooctyne, DBCO) for localization on the cell membrane. Upon NIR light (808 nm) irradiation, the upconverted blue emission can effectively activate the light-gated channel protein on the cell membrane and specifically regulate the cation (e.g., Ca2+) influx in the cytoplasm. This protocol provides a feasible methodology for the synthesis of core-shell lanthanide-doped UCNs and subsequent biocompatible surface modification for further cellular applications.

A protocol is presented for the synthesis of core-shell lanthanide-doped upconversion nanocrystals (UCNs) and their cellular applications for channel protein regulation upon near-infrared (NIR) light illumination.

코어-쉘 란타넘족 실수로 업 나노 세포 응용 프로그램의 합성

Lanthanide-doped upconversion nanocrystals (UCNs) have attracted much attention in recent years based on their promising and controllable optical ...

Rapid Nanoprobe Signal Enhancement by In Situ Gold Nanoparticle Synthesis

The use of nanoprobes such as gold, silver, silica or iron-oxide nanoparticles as detection reagents in bioanalytical assays can enable high sensitivity and convenient colorimetric readout. However, high densities of nanoparticles are typically needed for detection. The available synthesis-based enhancement protocols are either limited to gold and silver nanoparticles or rely on precise enzymatic control and optimization. Here, we present a protocol to enhance the colorimetric readout of gold, silver, silica, and iron oxide nanoprobes. It was observed that the colorimetric signal can be improved by up to a 10000-fold factor. The basis for such signal enhancement strategies is the chemical reduction of Au3+ to Au0. There are several chemical reactions that enable the reduction of Au3+ to Au0. In the protocol, Good&#39;s buffers and H2O2 are used and it is possible to favor the deposition of Au0 onto the surface of existing nanoprobes, in detriment of the formation of new gold nanoparticles. The protocol consists of the incubation of the microarray with a solution consisting of chloroauric acid and H2O2 in 2-(N-morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid pH 6 buffer following the nanoprobe-based detection assay. The enhancement solution can be applied to paper and glass-based sensors. Moreover, it can be used in commercially available immunoassays as demonstrated by the application of the method to a commercial allergen microarray. The signal development requires less than 5 min of incubation with the enhancement solution and the readout can be assessed by naked eye or low-end image acquisition devices such as a table-top scanner or a digital camera.

Rapid Nanoprobe Signal Enhancement by In Situ Gold Nanoparticle Synthesis

In this work, a protocol for signal enhancement of nanoprobe-based biosensing is presented. The protocol is based on the reduction of chloroauric acid onto the surface of existing nanoprobes that consist of gold, silver, silica or iron-oxide nanoparticles.

에 라 골드 나노 입자 합성에 의해 급속 한 Nanoprobe 신호 향상

The use of nanoprobes such as gold, silver, silica or iron-oxide nanoparticles as detection reagents in bioanalytical assays can enable high sensitivity ...

In Situ Lithiated Reference Electrode: Four Electrode Design for In-operando Impedance Spectroscopy

Extending operating voltage of Li-ion batteries results in higher energy output from these devices. High voltages, however, may trigger or accelerate multiple processes responsible for long-term performance decay. Given the complexity of physical processes occurring inside the cell, it is often challenging to achieve a full understanding of the root causes of this performance degradation. This difficulty arises in part from the fact that any electrochemical measurement of a battery will return the combined contributions of all components in the cell. Incorporation of a reference electrode can solve part of the problem, as it allows the electrochemical reactions of the cathode and the anode to be individually probed. A variation in the voltage range experienced by the cathode, for example, can indicate alterations in the pool of cyclable lithium ions in the full-cell. The structural evolution of the many interphases existing in the battery can also be monitored, by measuring the contributions of each electrode to the overall cell impedance. Such wealth of information amplifies the reach of diagnostic analysis in Li-ion batteries and provides valuable input to the optimization of individual cell components. In this work, we introduce the design of a test cell able to accommodate multiple reference electrodes, and present reference electrodes that are appropriate for each specific type of measurement, detailing the assembly process in order to maximize the accuracy of the experimental results.

The incorporation of reference electrodes in a Li-ion battery provides valuable information to elucidate degradation mechanisms at high voltages. In this article, we present a cell design that accommodates multiple reference electrodes, along with the assembly steps to assure maximum accuracy of the data obtained in electrochemical measurements.

원래의 Lithiated 참조 전극: 4 개의 전극 디자인-operando 임피던스 분광학에 대 한

Extending operating voltage of Li-ion batteries results in higher energy output from these devices. High voltages, however, may trigger or accelerate ...

Negative Additive Manufacturing of Complex Shaped Boron Carbides

Boron carbide (B4C) is one of the hardest materials in existence. However, this attractive property also limits its machineability into complex shapes for high wear, high hardness, and lightweight material applications such as armors. To overcome this challenge, negative additive manufacturing (AM) is employed to produce complex geometries of boron carbides at various length scales. Negative AM first involves gelcasting a suspension into a 3D-printed plastic mold. The mold is then dissolved away, leaving behind a green body as a negative copy. Resorcinol-formaldehyde (RF) is used as a novel gelling agent because unlike traditional hydrogels, there is little to no shrinkage, which allows for extremely complex molds to be used. Furthermore, this gelling agent can be pyrolyzed to leave behind ~50 wt% carbon, which is a highly effective sintering aid for B4C. Due to this highly homogenous distribution of in situ carbon within the B4C matrix, less than 2% porosity can be achieved after sintering. This protocol highlights in detail the methodology for creating near fully dense boron carbide parts with highly complex geometries.

A method called negative additive manufacturing is used to produce near fully dense complex shaped boron carbide parts of various length scales. This technique is possible via the formulation of a novel suspension involving resorcinol-formaldehyde as a unique gelling agent that leaves behind a homogenous carbon sintering aid after pyrolysis.

복잡 한 모양의 붕 소 합금의 첨가제 제조 제외

Boron carbide (B4C) is one of the hardest materials in existence. However, this attractive property also limits its machineability into complex shapes for ...

붕소 도핑 다이아몬드 전극 품질 및 응용 프로그램에 대한 평가

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