私たちは、 図4（b）の写真のために、ビデオ、ミスジェニファーウェッブ接触角測定に関するアドバイスやビジュアルのためのための光学顕微鏡画像を処理するためのドクタージョナサンニューランドに感謝し、 図2Bのミスセー観音タン溶剤ウィンドウのデータ本明細書に記載されたプロトコルを開発するために支援してきましたワーウィック電気化学およびインターフェイスグループのラマン分光法、またメンバーにアドバイスを、博士マキシムジョセフ。また、プロトコルの撮影に彼らの一部のためにマックスヨセフ、Lingcong孟、ゾーイエアーズロイMeylerに感謝したいと思います。

The authors declare that they have no competing financial interests.

H終端表面が特に高い陽極電位7,40,41で、電気化学的に不安定であるため、O終端表面で開始が提唱されています。表面終端を変更することは、（局所溶液のpHを変更するために本明細書中で使用される）水の電気分解などの内側の球カップルの電子移動の速度に影響を与えることができます。 BDDは、粒界で重要なNDCを含む場合にさらに、これらの弱い点で発生する可能性エッチングのp...

任意の電気分析試験を行う際に、電極材料の選択が非常に重要です。近年では、材料「金属様」をレンダリングするために十分なホウ素をドープしたsp 3炭素（ダイヤモンド）は、その優れた電気化学的（および熱的、機械的）性質1,2に電気分析アプリケーションの広い範囲のための一般的な選択肢となっています、3。これらは極端な溶液、温度及び圧力条件4ウルトラワイド溶媒窓、低いバックグラウンド電流、および他の一般的に使用される電極材料5-7,3と比較して、汚れ減少下で耐腐食性を含みます。 例えば 、7,8構造的完全性と異なる内側球酸化還元種に対する感受性の両方の変化をバックグラウンド電流を増加させる、減少溶媒ウィンドウのコンテンツの結果：ただし、非ダイヤモンド炭素（SP 2 NDC）を増加させます。酸素9-12。 そうするために注意してください私のアプリケーションは、NDC存在が有利な13のように見られています。材料は十分なホウ素が含まれていない場合はさらに、p型半導体として動作し、材料はほとんどの電荷キャリア7が欠乏している還元電位窓内の酸化還元種、に対する感受性の低下が表示されます。最後に、ホウ素ドープダイヤモンドの表面の化学的性質（BDD）は、観測された電気化学的反応で役割を果たすことができます。終端表面の半導電性のBDD電極は、「金属様」7を見えることがあります-これは、化学物質を表面と水素（H - ）は、ドープダイヤモンドを下げるに敏感な内球種について特にそうです。 BDDの優れた特性を利用するためには、材料が十分にドープされていることが多い不可欠であり、できるだけNDCが含まれています。 BDDを成長させるために採用した方法に応じて、プロパティは14,15を変えることができます。本論文では、まず素材と選民を示唆しています使用前に、BDD電極適性を評価するためのrochemical特性評価プロトコルガイド（ すなわち十分なホウ素、最小限のNDC）、次にローカルプロトコル検証電極を用いて電気化学的にpHを変化させることに基づいて、1つのアプリケーションについて説明します。このプロセスは、長時間極端印加される電位（または電流）の適用下での腐食や溶解に向けてNDCのないBDDの表面弾性を利用しています。特にBDD電極の使用は、安定したプロトン（H +）の又は水酸化物を生成する（OH - ）16,17は、本明細書に記載されている第二（センサ）に近接して水の電気分解（それぞれ酸化または還元）によるフラックス。 このようにして、pH滴定実験のために、例えば 、系統的な方法でセンサーのpH環境を制御するために、または電気化学的方法が最も敏感である値にpH値を固定することができます。後者は、のために特に便利ですセンサーがソースに配置される用途、 例えば川 、湖、海、システムのpHは、目的の電気化学測定には最適ではありません。最近の二つの例としては、ローカライズされた低pH（I）の生成を、pHが中性溶液中で、水銀17の電着とストリッピングのために、 BDDは、拡張陰極ウィンドウ9,18,19による金属の電着のために好まれる材料であることに注意。 （ⅱ）ローカル16強アルカリ性、中性のpHを増加させることにより、高いpHで存在する硫化水素の電気化学的に検出形、の定量を。

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		<col />
		<col />
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		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:117px;">Pt Wire</td>
			<td style="width:64px;"></td>
			<td style="width:75px;"></td>
			<td style="width:117px;">Counter Electrode</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="100">
			<td height="100" style="height:100px;width:117px;">Saturated Calomel Electrode</td>
			<td style="width:64px;">IJ Cambria Scientific Ltd.</td>
			<td style="width:75px;">2056</td>
			<td style="width:117px;">Reference Electrode (alternatively use Ag|AgCl)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:117px;">BDD Electrode</td>
			<td style="width:64px;"></td>
			<td style="width:75px;"></td>
			<td style="width:117px;">Working Electrode</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="60">
			<td height="60" style="height:60px;width:117px;">Iridium Tetrachloride</td>
			<td style="width:64px;">VWR International Ltd</td>
			<td style="width:75px;">12184.01</td>
			<td style="width:117px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:117px;">Hydrogen Peroxide</td>
			<td style="width:64px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:75px;">H1009</td>
			<td style="width:117px;">(30% w/w) Corrosive</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:117px;">Oxalic Acid&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:64px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:75px;">241172</td>
			<td style="width:117px;">Harmful, Irritant</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="60">
			<td height="60" style="height:60px;width:117px;">Anhydrous Potassium Chloride</td>
			<td style="width:64px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:75px;">451029</td>
			<td style="width:117px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="60">
			<td height="60" style="height:60px;width:117px;">Sulphuric Acid</td>
			<td style="width:64px;">VWR International Ltd</td>
			<td style="width:75px;">102765G</td>
			<td style="width:117px;">(98%) Corrosive</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:117px;">Potassium Nitrate</td>
			<td style="width:64px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:75px;">221295</td>
			<td style="width:117px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="60">
			<td height="60" style="height:60px;width:117px;">Hexaamine Ruthenium Chloride</td>
			<td style="width:64px;">Strem Chemicals Inc.</td>
			<td style="width:75px;">44-0620</td>
			<td style="width:117px;">Irritant</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:117px;">Perchloric Acid</td>
			<td style="width:64px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:75px;">311421</td>
			<td style="width:117px;">Oxidising, Corrosive</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:117px;">2-Propanol</td>
			<td style="width:64px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:75px;">24137</td>
			<td style="width:117px;">Flammable</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:117px;">Nitric Acid</td>
			<td style="width:64px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:75px;">695033</td>
			<td style="width:117px;">Oxidising, Corrosive</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:117px;">Sputter/ Evapourator</td>
			<td style="width:64px;"></td>
			<td style="width:75px;"></td>
			<td style="width:117px;">With Ti &#38; Au targets</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:117px;">Raman</td>
			<td style="width:64px;"></td>
			<td style="width:75px;"></td>
			<td style="width:117px;">514.5 nm laser</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:117px;">Annealing Oven</td>
			<td style="width:64px;"></td>
			<td style="width:75px;"></td>
			<td style="width:117px;">Capable of 400&#176;C</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:117px;">Ag paste</td>
			<td style="width:64px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:75px;">735825</td>
			<td style="width:117px;">or other conductive paint</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:117px;">Potentiostat</td>
			<td style="width:64px;"></td>
			<td style="width:75px;"></td>
			<td style="width:117px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:117px;">pH Buffer solutions</td>
			<td style="width:64px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:75px;">38740-38752</td>
			<td style="width:117px;">Fixanal buffer concentrates</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="60">
			<td height="60" style="height:60px;width:117px;">Phenolphthalein Indicator</td>
			<td style="width:64px;">VWR International Ltd</td>
			<td style="width:75px;">210893Q</td>
			<td style="width:117px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:117px;">Methyl Red Indicator</td>
			<td style="width:64px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:75px;">32654</td>
			<td style="width:117px;"></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

assessment of boron doped diamond electrode quality and application to in situ modification of local ph by water electrolysis

ホウ素（BDD）電極は、このような拡張溶媒窓としての報告の性質などの低バックグラウンド電流を、耐食性の多くは、表面の触媒的に不活性な性質から生じる電極材料としてかなり有望であることが示されているダイヤモンドをドープしました。成長プロセス中に、非ダイヤモンド炭素（NDC）が電極マトリックス中に取り込まれる場合、表面はより触媒的に活性になるしかし、電気化学的特性が変化します。そのためには、電気化学者は品質を認識し、使用前に、BDD電極のキー電気化学的特性を結果であることが重要です。本稿ではBDD電極を無視NDC すなわち無視できるのsp 2炭素が含まれているかどうかを確認するために、ラマン顕微鏡、容量、溶剤ウィンドウと酸化還元電気化学を含む、特性の一連のステップを説明しています。一つの用途は、触媒的に不活性の利点をとる強調表示されていますそして、NDCのない表面の耐腐食性の性質が原因で、BDD電極における水の電気分解に安定して定量化ローカルプロトンと水酸化生産、すなわち。イリジウム酸化物被覆BDD電極を用いた水の電気分解により誘導される局所的なpH変化を測定する手法は、詳細に記載されています。

ラマンスペクトル及び電気化学的特性は、異なるドーパント濃度を有する代表的なBDDのmacrodisc電極について得られた、およびNDCのかなりの無視できるレベルが、両方の1 および 2 を 図 。 図1Aおよび Bは、典型的なラマンデータを薄膜微BDDと大きな粒NDCを含有するための自立BDDは、それぞれ、?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Assessment of Boron Doped Diamond Electrode Quality and Application to In Situ Modification of Local pH by Water Electrolysis at JoVE.com

Assessment of Boron Doped Diamond Electrode Quality and Application to In Situ Modification of Local pH by Water Electrolysis

プロトコルは、 その場での pHが生成実験に用のホウ素ドープダイヤモンド（BDD）電極とその後のアプリケーションの主要な電気化学的パラメータの特徴付けのために記載されています。

ホウ素ドープダイヤモンド電極品質とアプリケーションの評価<em&gt;その場で</em&gt;水電解による局所のpHの変更

Boron doped diamond (BDD) electrodes have shown considerable promise as an electrode material where many of their reported properties such as extended ...

assessment-boron-doped-diamond-electrode-quality-application-to-situ

Research

JoVE Journal

Chemistry

Assessment of Boron Doped Diamond Electrode Quality and Application to In Situ Modification of Local pH by Water Electrolysis

14.7K ビュー.  University of Warwick. プロトコルは、 その場での pHが生成実験に用のホウ素ドープダイヤモンド（BDD）電極とその後のアプリケーションの主要な電気化学的パラメータの特徴付けのために記載されています。 

ビデオ: Assessment of Boron Doped Diamond Electrode Quality and Application to In Situ Modification of Local pH by Water Electrolysis

Synthesis, Cellular Delivery and In vivo Application of Dendrimer-based pH Sensors

The development of fluorescent indicators represented a revolution for life sciences. Genetically encoded and synthetic fluorophores with sensing abilities allowed the visualization of biologically relevant species with high spatial and temporal resolution. Synthetic dyes are of particular interest thanks to their high tunability and the wide range of measureable analytes. However, these molecules suffer several limitations related to small molecule behavior (poor solubility, difficulties in targeting, often no ratiometric imaging allowed). In this work we introduce the development of dendrimer-based sensors and present a procedure for pH measurement in vitro, in living cells and in vivo. We choose dendrimers as ideal platform for our sensors for their many desirable properties (monodispersity, tunable properties, multivalency) that made them a widely used scaffold for several biomedical devices. The conjugation of fluorescent pH indicators to the dendrimer scaffold led to an enhancement of their sensing performances. In particular dendrimers exhibit reduced cell leakage, improved intracellular targeting and allow ratiometric measurements. These novel sensors were successfully employed to measure pH in living HeLa cells and in vivo in mouse brain.

Synthesis, Cellular Delivery and In vivo Application of Dendrimer-based pH Sensors

Fluorescence sensors are powerful tools in life science. Here we describe a methodology to synthesize and use dendrimer-based fluorescent sensors to measure pH in living cells and in vivo. The dendritic scaffold enhances the properties of conjugated fluorescent dyes leading to improved sensing properties.

合成、細胞の配送および<em&gt;インビボ</em&gt;デンドリマーベースのpHセンサの応用

The development of  fluorescent indicators represented a revolution for life sciences. Genetically  encoded and synthetic fluorophores with sensing ...

化学

Synthesis of Non-uniformly Pr-doped SrTiO3 Ceramics and Their Thermoelectric Properties

We demonstrate a novel synthesis strategy for the preparation of Pr-doped SrTiO3 ceramics via a combination of solid state reaction and spark plasma sintering techniques. Polycrystalline ceramics possessing a unique morphology can be achieved by optimizing the process parameters, particularly spark plasma sintering heating rate. The phase and morphology of the synthesized ceramics were investigated in detail using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microcopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. It was observed that the grains of these bulk Pr-doped SrTiO3 ceramics were enhanced with Pr-rich grain boundaries. Electronic and thermal transport properties were also investigated as a function of temperature and doping concentration. Such a microstructure was found to give rise to improved thermoelectric properties. Specifically, it resulted in a significant improvement in carrier mobility and the thermoelectric power factor. Simultaneously, it also led to a marked reduction in the thermal conductivity. As a result, a significant improvement (> 30%) in the thermoelectric figure of merit was achieved for the whole temperature range over all previously reported maximum values for SrTiO3-based ceramics. This synthesis demonstrates the steps for the preparation of bulk polycrystalline ceramics of non-uniformly Pr-doped SrTiO3.

Synthesis of Non-uniformly Pr-doped SrTiO3 Ceramics and Their Thermoelectric Properties

A protocol for the synthesis and processing of polycrystalline SrTiO3 ceramics doped non-uniformly with Pr is presented along with the investigation of their thermoelectric properties.

非均一のPrをドープしたチタン酸ストロンチウムの合成<sub&gt; 3</sub&gt;セラミックスとその熱電特性

We demonstrate a novel synthesis strategy for the preparation of Pr-doped SrTiO3 ceramics via a combination of solid state reaction and spark plasma ...

In Situ Characterization of Hydrated Proteins in Water by SALVI and ToF-SIMS

This work demonstrates in situ characterization of protein biomolecules in the aqueous solution using the System for Analysis at the Liquid Vacuum Interface (SALVI) and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS). The fibronectin protein film was immobilized on the silicon nitride (SiN) membrane that forms the SALVI detection area. During ToF-SIMS analysis, three modes of analysis were conducted including high spatial resolution mass spectrometry, two-dimensional (2D) imaging, and depth profiling. Mass spectra were acquired in both positive and negative modes. Deionized water was also analyzed as a reference sample. Our results show that the fibronectin film in water has more distinct and stronger water cluster peaks compared to water alone. Characteristic peaks of amino acid fragments are also observable in the hydrated protein ToF-SIMS spectra. These results illustrate that protein molecule adsorption on a surface can be studied dynamically using SALVI and ToF-SIMS in the liquid environment for the first time.

In Situ Characterization of Hydrated Proteins in Water by SALVI and ToF-SIMS

This work presents a protocol for liquid handling and sample introduction to a microchannel for in situ time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry analysis of protein biomolecules in an aqueous solution.

サルヴィとTOF-SIMSによる水中で水和タンパク質のその場キャラクタリゼーションで

This work demonstrates in situ characterization of protein biomolecules in the aqueous solution using the System for Analysis at the Liquid Vacuum ...

In Situ Characterization of Shewanella oneidensis MR1 Biofilms by SALVI and ToF-SIMS

Bacterial biofilms are surface-associated communities that are vastly studied to understand their self-produced extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and their roles in environmental microbiology. This study outlines a method to cultivate biofilm attachment to the System for Analysis at the Liquid Vacuum Interface (SALVI) and achieve in situ chemical mapping of a living biofilm by time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS). This is done through the culturing of bacteria both outside and within the SALVI channel with our specialized setup, as well as through optical imaging techniques to detect the biofilm presence and thickness before ToF-SIMS analysis. Our results show the characteristic peaks of the Shewanella biofilm in its natural hydrated state, highlighting upon its localized water cluster environment, as well as EPS fragments, which are drastically different from the same biofilm's dehydrated state. These results demonstrate the breakthrough capability of SALVI that allows for in situ biofilm imaging with a vacuum-based chemical imaging instrument.

In Situ Characterization of Shewanella oneidensis MR1 Biofilms by SALVI and ToF-SIMS

This article presents a method for growing a biofilm for in situ time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry for chemical mapping in its hydrated state, enabled by a microfluidic reactor, System for Analysis at the liquid Vacuum Interface. The Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 with green fluorescence protein was used as a model.

その場でサルヴィ、TOF-SIMSシェワネラ oneidensis MR1 バイオ フィルムの特性

Bacterial biofilms are surface-associated communities that are vastly studied to understand their self-produced extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) ...

In Situ Characterization of Boehmite Particles in Water Using Liquid SEM

In situ imaging and elemental analysis of boehmite (AlOOH) particles in water is realized using the System for Analysis at the Liquid Vacuum Interface (SALVI) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). This paper describes the method and key steps in integrating the vacuum compatible SAVLI to SEM and obtaining secondary electron (SE) images of particles in liquid in high vacuum. Energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX) is used to obtain elemental analysis of particles in liquid and control samples including deionized (DI) water only and an empty channel as well. Synthesized boehmite (AlOOH) particles suspended in liquid are used as a model in the liquid SEM illustration. The results demonstrate that the particles can be imaged in the SE mode with good resolution (i.e., 400 nm). The AlOOH EDX spectrum shows significant signal from the aluminum (Al) when compared with the DI water and the empty channel control. In situ liquid SEM is a powerful technique to study particles in liquid with many exciting applications. This procedure aims to provide technical know-how in order to conduct liquid SEM imaging and EDX analysis using SALVI and to reduce potential pitfalls when using this approach.

In Situ Characterization of Boehmite Particles in Water Using Liquid SEM

We present a procedure for real-time imaging and elemental composition analysis of boehmite particles in deionized water by in situ liquid Scanning Electron Microscopy.

その場で液体の SEM を用いた水中のベーマイト粒子のキャラクタリゼーション

In situ imaging and elemental analysis of boehmite (AlOOH) particles in water is realized using the System for Analysis at the Liquid Vacuum Interface ...

Microfluidic Dry-spinning and Characterization of Regenerated Silk Fibroin Fibers

The protocol demonstrates a method for mimicking the spinning process of silkworm. In the native spinning process, the contracting spinning duct enables the silk proteins to be compact and ordered by shearing and elongation forces. Here, a biomimetic microfluidic channel was designed to mimic the specific geometry of the spinning duct of the silkworm. Regenerated silk fibroin (RSF) spinning doped with high concentration, was extruded through the microchannel to dry-spin fibers at ambient temperature and pressure. In the post-treated process, the as-spun fibers were drawn and stored in ethanol aqueous solution. Synchrotron radiation wide-angle X-ray diffraction (SR-WAXD) technology was used to investigate the microstructure of single RSF fibers, which were fixed to a sample holder with the RSF fiber axis normal to the microbeam of the X-ray. The crystallinity, crystallite size, and crystalline orientation of the fiber were calculated from the WAXD data. The diffraction arcs near the equator of the two-dimensional WAXD pattern indicate that the post-treated RSF fiber has a high orientation degree.

A protocol for the microfluidic spinning and microstructure characterization of regenerated silk fibroin monofilament is presented.

マイクロ流体ドライ回転と再生絹フィブロイン繊維の特性

The protocol demonstrates a method for mimicking the spinning process of silkworm. In the native spinning process, the contracting spinning duct enables ...

Synthesis of Core-shell Lanthanide-doped Upconversion Nanocrystals for Cellular Applications

Lanthanide-doped upconversion nanocrystals (UCNs) have attracted much attention in recent years based on their promising and controllable optical properties, which allow for the absorption of near-infrared (NIR) light and can subsequently convert it into multiplexed emissions that span over a broad range of regions from the UV to the visible to the NIR. This article presents detailed experimental procedures for high-temperature co-precipitation synthesis of core-shell UCNs that incorporate different lanthanide ions into nanocrystals for efficiently converting deep-tissue penetrable NIR excitation (808 nm) into a strong blue emission at 480 nm. By controlling the surface modification with biocompatible polymer (polyacrylic acid, PAA), the as-prepared UCNs acquires great solubility in buffer solutions. The hydrophilic nanocrystals are further functionalized with specific ligands (dibenzyl cyclooctyne, DBCO) for localization on the cell membrane. Upon NIR light (808 nm) irradiation, the upconverted blue emission can effectively activate the light-gated channel protein on the cell membrane and specifically regulate the cation (e.g., Ca2+) influx in the cytoplasm. This protocol provides a feasible methodology for the synthesis of core-shell lanthanide-doped UCNs and subsequent biocompatible surface modification for further cellular applications.

A protocol is presented for the synthesis of core-shell lanthanide-doped upconversion nanocrystals (UCNs) and their cellular applications for channel protein regulation upon near-infrared (NIR) light illumination.

携帯電話のアプリケーションのコア-シェル希土類ドープ アップコンバージョンナノ結晶の合成

Lanthanide-doped upconversion nanocrystals (UCNs) have attracted much attention in recent years based on their promising and controllable optical ...

Rapid Nanoprobe Signal Enhancement by In Situ Gold Nanoparticle Synthesis

The use of nanoprobes such as gold, silver, silica or iron-oxide nanoparticles as detection reagents in bioanalytical assays can enable high sensitivity and convenient colorimetric readout. However, high densities of nanoparticles are typically needed for detection. The available synthesis-based enhancement protocols are either limited to gold and silver nanoparticles or rely on precise enzymatic control and optimization. Here, we present a protocol to enhance the colorimetric readout of gold, silver, silica, and iron oxide nanoprobes. It was observed that the colorimetric signal can be improved by up to a 10000-fold factor. The basis for such signal enhancement strategies is the chemical reduction of Au3+ to Au0. There are several chemical reactions that enable the reduction of Au3+ to Au0. In the protocol, Good&#39;s buffers and H2O2 are used and it is possible to favor the deposition of Au0 onto the surface of existing nanoprobes, in detriment of the formation of new gold nanoparticles. The protocol consists of the incubation of the microarray with a solution consisting of chloroauric acid and H2O2 in 2-(N-morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid pH 6 buffer following the nanoprobe-based detection assay. The enhancement solution can be applied to paper and glass-based sensors. Moreover, it can be used in commercially available immunoassays as demonstrated by the application of the method to a commercial allergen microarray. The signal development requires less than 5 min of incubation with the enhancement solution and the readout can be assessed by naked eye or low-end image acquisition devices such as a table-top scanner or a digital camera.

Rapid Nanoprobe Signal Enhancement by In Situ Gold Nanoparticle Synthesis

In this work, a protocol for signal enhancement of nanoprobe-based biosensing is presented. The protocol is based on the reduction of chloroauric acid onto the surface of existing nanoprobes that consist of gold, silver, silica or iron-oxide nanoparticles.

原金ナノ粒子合成による急速なナノプローブ信号強調

The use of nanoprobes such as gold, silver, silica or iron-oxide nanoparticles as detection reagents in bioanalytical assays can enable high sensitivity ...

In Situ Lithiated Reference Electrode: Four Electrode Design for In-operando Impedance Spectroscopy

Extending operating voltage of Li-ion batteries results in higher energy output from these devices. High voltages, however, may trigger or accelerate multiple processes responsible for long-term performance decay. Given the complexity of physical processes occurring inside the cell, it is often challenging to achieve a full understanding of the root causes of this performance degradation. This difficulty arises in part from the fact that any electrochemical measurement of a battery will return the combined contributions of all components in the cell. Incorporation of a reference electrode can solve part of the problem, as it allows the electrochemical reactions of the cathode and the anode to be individually probed. A variation in the voltage range experienced by the cathode, for example, can indicate alterations in the pool of cyclable lithium ions in the full-cell. The structural evolution of the many interphases existing in the battery can also be monitored, by measuring the contributions of each electrode to the overall cell impedance. Such wealth of information amplifies the reach of diagnostic analysis in Li-ion batteries and provides valuable input to the optimization of individual cell components. In this work, we introduce the design of a test cell able to accommodate multiple reference electrodes, and present reference electrodes that are appropriate for each specific type of measurement, detailing the assembly process in order to maximize the accuracy of the experimental results.

The incorporation of reference electrodes in a Li-ion battery provides valuable information to elucidate degradation mechanisms at high voltages. In this article, we present a cell design that accommodates multiple reference electrodes, along with the assembly steps to assure maximum accuracy of the data obtained in electrochemical measurements.

Operando のインピー ダンス分光法の 4 電極設計場前記参照電極。

Extending operating voltage of Li-ion batteries results in higher energy output from these devices. High voltages, however, may trigger or accelerate ...

Negative Additive Manufacturing of Complex Shaped Boron Carbides

Boron carbide (B4C) is one of the hardest materials in existence. However, this attractive property also limits its machineability into complex shapes for high wear, high hardness, and lightweight material applications such as armors. To overcome this challenge, negative additive manufacturing (AM) is employed to produce complex geometries of boron carbides at various length scales. Negative AM first involves gelcasting a suspension into a 3D-printed plastic mold. The mold is then dissolved away, leaving behind a green body as a negative copy. Resorcinol-formaldehyde (RF) is used as a novel gelling agent because unlike traditional hydrogels, there is little to no shrinkage, which allows for extremely complex molds to be used. Furthermore, this gelling agent can be pyrolyzed to leave behind ~50 wt% carbon, which is a highly effective sintering aid for B4C. Due to this highly homogenous distribution of in situ carbon within the B4C matrix, less than 2% porosity can be achieved after sintering. This protocol highlights in detail the methodology for creating near fully dense boron carbide parts with highly complex geometries.

A method called negative additive manufacturing is used to produce near fully dense complex shaped boron carbide parts of various length scales. This technique is possible via the formulation of a novel suspension involving resorcinol-formaldehyde as a unique gelling agent that leaves behind a homogenous carbon sintering aid after pyrolysis.

負の複雑な形をした炭化ホウ素の添加剤の製造

Boron carbide (B4C) is one of the hardest materials in existence. However, this attractive property also limits its machineability into complex shapes for ...

ホウ素ドープダイヤモンド電極品質とアプリケーションの評価

要約

さらに動画を探す

この動画の章

合成、細胞の配送および

非均一のPrをドープしたチタン酸ストロンチウムの合成

サルヴィとTOF-SIMSによる水中で水和タンパク質のその場キャラクタリゼーションで

その場でサルヴィ、TOF-SIMSシェワネラ oneidensis MR1 バイオフィルムの特性

その場で液体の SEM を用いた水中のベーマイト粒子のキャラクタリゼーション

マイクロ流体ドライ回転と再生絹フィブロイン繊維の特性

携帯電話のアプリケーションのコア-シェル希土類ドープアップコンバージョンナノ結晶の合成

原金ナノ粒子合成による急速なナノプローブ信号強調

Operando のインピーダンス分光法の 4 電極設計場前記参照電極。

負の複雑な形をした炭化ホウ素の添加剤の製造

ホウ素ドープダイヤモンド電極品質とアプリケーションの評価

要約

さらに動画を探す

この動画の章

合成、細胞の配送および

非均一のPrをドープしたチタン酸ストロンチウムの合成

サルヴィとTOF-SIMSによる水中で水和タンパク質のその場キャラクタリゼーションで

その場でサルヴィ、TOF-SIMSシェワネラ oneidensis MR1 バイオ フィルムの特性

その場で液体の SEM を用いた水中のベーマイト粒子のキャラクタリゼーション

マイクロ流体ドライ回転と再生絹フィブロイン繊維の特性

携帯電話のアプリケーションのコア-シェル希土類ドープ アップコンバージョンナノ結晶の合成

原金ナノ粒子合成による急速なナノプローブ信号強調

Operando のインピー ダンス分光法の 4 電極設計場前記参照電極。

負の複雑な形をした炭化ホウ素の添加剤の製造

その場でサルヴィ、TOF-SIMSシェワネラ oneidensis MR1 バイオフィルムの特性

携帯電話のアプリケーションのコア-シェル希土類ドープアップコンバージョンナノ結晶の合成

Operando のインピーダンス分光法の 4 電極設計場前記参照電極。