The authors would like to acknowledge the BPI PIAVE AUTONOTEX grant for the financial support.

1. פולימרים מוליכים דפוסים על טקסטיל <ol style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> תקן גיליון טקסטיל 10 ס&quot;מ x 10 ס&quot;מ על משטח מישורי לטיפול קל תוך כדי התהליך. עבור הטקסטיל, להשתמש בד פוליאסטר לסרוג משתלב 100% עם עובי של 300 מיקרומטר ו יכולת מתיחה בכיוון לסרוג עד 50%. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> כדי לעשות מסכה המכילה את עיצוב הדפוסים, להשתמש סרט polyimide 125 מיקרומטר בעובי; דוגמא של הדפוס מתוארת באיור 1. <ol style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> השתמש חותך לייזר (למשל, Protolaser S, LPKF) לדפוס את המסכה polyimide 10; עיצוב הדפוס של אלקטרודה מתואר באיור 1. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> מעייל גיבוש PDMS (10: 1 בסיס לריפוי יחס סוכן) על גבי המסכה (סרט polyimide) באמצעות כלי ליהוק קלטת אוטומטית (שליטת K הדפסת coater, להב רופא) עם עובי סרט רטוב של 200 מיקרומטר בכל 6 מהירויות ציפוי מ &#39;/ דקה. השתמש כ -0.5 מ&quot;ל מסכה של 3 ס&quot;מ x 5 ס&quot;מ. בצע ההתהליך הוא מתחת למכסה המנוע קטר. </li></ol></li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> בעדינות להעביר את הבד אל המסכה מצופה PDMS. השאר למשך 10 דקות, שלאחריו PDMS צריך להיספג באופן מלא במבנה הטקסטיל. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> לרפא המדגם בתנור-אוויר ב 100 מעלות צלזיוס למשך 10 דקות. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> הכן הפולימר ניצוח: PEDOT: פיזור PSS (80 מ&quot;ל), אתילן גליקול (20 מ&quot;ל), חומצה 4-dodecylbenzenesulfonic (40 μL), ו -3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (1 מ&quot;ל) ב למכסה המנוע קטר. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> מברשת מעיל PEDOT: פתרון PSS על אזור PDMS ללא של טקסטיל עד חדירה הומוגנית של הפתרון מתקבל. חזור על שלב זה כדי להשיג צבע דפוס אחיד. החל על 1 מ&quot;ל / 2 ס&quot;מ. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> לרפא את הבד ב 110 מעלות צלזיוס במשך שעה 1 לייבש את PEDOT: פתרון PSS. מנמיך את הטמפרטורה ל 60 מעלות צלזיוס למשך טקסטיל רגישים טיפול בטמפרטורה גבוהה, כמו ניילון. </li></ol> 2. ייצור מכשיר אורגני הערה: הפרוטוקול ב describ סעיף 1es בתצהיר סלקטיבית של ניצוח חומרים על טקסטיל. הסעיפים הבאים יתארו את הצעדים נוספים הדרושים כדי לפברק תקנים אורגניים, כמו חיישני מתיחה, טרנזיסטורים OECT, אלקטרודות עורית, וחיישני קיבולים. <ol style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> כדי לפברק חיישני מתיחה, המוצגים באיור 3 א, דפוס קווי אלקטרודה על הטקסטיל, כמתואר בסעיף 1, צעדי 1.1-1.5. הערה: דוגמא של עיצוב הדפוס מוצגת באיור 3 א. הייצור של חיישנים כאלה אינו דורש שום צעדים נוספים. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> כדי לפברק את העיצוב טרנזיסטור שמוצג איור 3B, דפוס מערכי הטרנזיסטור על סרט ארוג ניילון השלבים המתוארים בסעיף 1. מעט לשנות את חישול PDMS ו PEDOT: PSS ריפוי בצעדים כדי למנוע השפלה תרמית של ניילון על ידי ריפוי ב 60 ° צלזיוס למשך זמן רב יותר. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> עבור ייצור של אלקטרודות עורית, שמוצג 3C איור, להפקידג&#39;ל יוני על PEDOT בדוגמת: טקסטיל PSS. <ol style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> הכין תערובת ג&#39;ל נוזלי יונית המכילה את הנוזל היוני, 1-אתיל-3-methylimidazolium-אתיל סולפט; הסוכן מקשר הצולב, פולי (אתילן גליקול) diacrylate; ואת photoinitiator, 2-הידרוקסי-2-methylpropiophenone לפי יחס (v / v) של 0.6 / 0.35 / 0.05, בהתאמה. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> מעיל PEDOT: אלקטרודה PSS עם נוזלים יוניים (20 μL / 2 ס&quot;מ) ומוסיפים את תערובת ג&#39;ל נוזלי יוניים משלב 2.3.1 (25 μL / 2 ס&quot;מ) על ידי יציקת טיפה. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> לחשוף לאור UV (365 ננומטר) ליזום תגובה crosslinking במשך 10-15 דקות, עד מתמצק ג&#39;ל. בצע פעולה זו במנדף. השתמש כלוב מגן-UV במהלך חשיפת UV. </li></ol></li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> עבור ייצור חיישן קיבולי, השתמש PEDOT: אלקטרודות טקסטיל PSS מבודד עם חומר בידוד (איור 3D). <ol style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> לבודד את PEDOT דמוי-מקלדת: אלקטרודות PSS באמצעות PDMS; ניתן לראות את העיצוב המקלדת איור 2b &lt;/ Strong&gt;. מחלק את ניסוח PDMS על גבי הבד להסיר את העודפים עם מגב. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> מניחים את הבד בתנור על 100 מעלות צלזיוס במשך 10 דקות. בצע פעולה זו במנדף. </li></ol></li></ol>

<ol>
	<li>Poupyrev, I., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Project+Jacquard:Interactive+Digital+Textiles+at+Scale.">Project Jacquard:Interactive Digital Textiles at Scale.</a> Proceedings of the 2016 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - CHI '16. , 4216-4227 (2016).</li><li>Takamatsu, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Transparent+conductive-polymer+strain+sensors+for+touch+input+sheets+of+flexible+displays.">Transparent conductive-polymer strain sensors for touch input sheets of flexible displays.</a> J. Micromech. Microeng. 20, 075017 (2010).</li><li>Patel, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+review+of+wearable+sensors+and+systems+with+application+in+rehabilitation.">A review of wearable sensors and systems with application in rehabilitation.</a> J. Neuroeng. Rehabil. 9, 21 (2012).</li><li>Bandodkar, A. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Epidermal+tattoo+potentiometric+sodium+sensors+with+wireless+signal+transduction+for+continuous+non-invasive+sweat+monitoring.">Epidermal tattoo potentiometric sodium sensors with wireless signal transduction for continuous non-invasive sweat monitoring.</a> Biosens. Bioelectron. 54, 603-609 (2014).</li><li>Owens, R. M., Malliaras, G. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Organic+Electronics+at+the+Interface+with+Biology.">Organic Electronics at the Interface with Biology.</a> MRS Bull. 35 (6), 449-456 (2010).</li><li>Krebs, F. C., Biancardo, M., Winther-Jensen, B., Spanggard, H., Alstrup, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Strategies+for+incorporation+of+polymer+photovoltaics+into+garments+and+textiles.">Strategies for incorporation of polymer photovoltaics into garments and textiles.</a> Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells. 90, 1058-1067 (2006).</li><li>Cherenack, K., Zysset, C., Kinkeldei, T., M&#252;nzenrieder, N., Tr&#246;ster, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Woven+electronic+fibers+with+sensing+and+display+functions+for+smart+textiles.">Woven electronic fibers with sensing and display functions for smart textiles.</a> Adv. Mater. 22, 5178-5182 (2010).</li><li>Hamedi, M., Forchheimer, R., Ingan&#228;s, O. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Towards+woven+logic+from+organic+electronic+fibres.">Towards woven logic from organic electronic fibres.</a> Nat. Mater. 6, 357-362 (2007).</li><li>Bao, L., Li, X. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Towards+Textile+Energy+Storage+from+Cotton+T-Shirts.">Towards Textile Energy Storage from Cotton T-Shirts.</a> Adv. Mater. 24, 3246-3252 (2012).</li><li>Takamatsu, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Direct+patterning+of+organic+conductors+on+knitted+textiles+for+long-term+electrocardiography.">Direct patterning of organic conductors on knitted textiles for long-term electrocardiography.</a> Sci. Rep. 5, 15003 (2015).</li><li>Yamada, T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+stretchable+carbon+nanotube+strain+sensor+for+human-motion+detection.">A stretchable carbon nanotube strain sensor for human-motion detection.</a> Nat. Nanotechnol. 6, 296-301 (2011).</li><li>Shim, N. Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=All-plastic+electrochemical+transistor+for+glucose+sensing+using+a+ferrocene+mediator.">All-plastic electrochemical transistor for glucose sensing using a ferrocene mediator.</a> Sensors. 9, 9896-9902 (2009).</li><li>Takamatsu, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Wearable+Keyboard+Using+Conducting+Polymer+Electrodes+on+Textiles.">Wearable Keyboard Using Conducting Polymer Electrodes on Textiles.</a> Adv. Mater. 28, 4485-4488 (2016).</li><li>O'Connor, T. F., Rajan, K. M., Printz, A. D., Lipomi, D. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Toward+organic+electronics+with+properties+inspired+by+biological+tissue.">Toward organic electronics with properties inspired by biological tissue.</a> J. Mater. Chem. B. 3, 4947-4952 (2015).</li><li>Choi, S., Lee, H., Ghaffari, R., Hyeon, T., Kim, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Recent+Advances+in+Flexible+and+Stretchable+Bio-Electronic+Devices+Integrated+with+Nanomaterials.">Recent Advances in Flexible and Stretchable Bio-Electronic Devices Integrated with Nanomaterials.</a> Adv. Mater. 28, 4203-4218 (2016).</li><li>Zhang, Z., Qiu, J., Wang, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Roll-to-roll+printing+of+flexible+thin-film+organic+thermoelectric+devices.">Roll-to-roll printing of flexible thin-film organic thermoelectric devices.</a> Manuf. Lett. 8, 6-10 (2016).</li><li>Rim, Y. S., Bae, S. -. H., Chen, H., De Marco, N., Yang, Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Recent+Progress+in+Materials+and+Devices+toward+Printable+and+Flexible+Sensors.">Recent Progress in Materials and Devices toward Printable and Flexible Sensors.</a> Adv. Mater. 28, 4415-4440 (2016).</li><li>Matsuhisa, N., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Printable+elastic+conductors+with+a+high+conductivity+for+electronic+textile+applications.">Printable elastic conductors with a high conductivity for electronic textile applications.</a> Nat. Commun. 6, 7461 (2015).</li><li>Bernards, D. a., Malliaras, G. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Steady-State+and+Transient+Behavior+of+Organic+Electrochemical+Transistors.">Steady-State and Transient Behavior of Organic Electrochemical Transistors.</a> Adv. Funct. Mater. 17 (17), 3538-3544 (2007).</li></ol>

The authors have nothing to disclose.

הדפוסים של חומרים מוליכים הוא אחד הצעדים הראשונים הייצור של מכשירים אלקטרוניים תפקודיים. זה יכול להיות מאתגר, כמו תהליך הייצור צריך לקחת בחשבון את התכונות הכימיות ופיסיקליות של חומרים כאלה, ואת זרימת התהליך צריכה לשקול את צולבות התאימות המהותית בין הצעדים בדיה. בשנ?...

בתחום האלקטרוניקה לביש הינו שוק בצמיחה מהירה צפוי להיות שווה 50 מיליארד יורו ב -2025, על פי שלושה השוק הנוכחי. האתגר העיקרי העומד בפני התקנים לבישים נוכחיים הוא כי מצורפים אלקטרונית מוצק פולשניות להגביל את השימוש במכשירים הוקמו בשנת מערכות לביש. באמצעות טקסטיל שכבר נמצאים בחיי היומיום היא גישה מאוד אטרקטיבית וישירה להימנע מגבלה זו. בשל יכולת אלסטית שלה, בחלקים מסוימים של הבגדים שאנחנו לובשים הם באופן טבעי במגע הדוק עם העור. דוגמאות רבות של בגדים חכמים הקיימות בשוק כיום מבוססות על תצוגות דקות, פלסטיק, מקלדות, והתקני מקור אור מוטבעים בטקסטיל, מקשר אלקטרוניקה עם בני אדם באופן אופנתי 1. בפועל ספורט, ניטור בריאות מסתמך על אלקטרודות טקסטיל, אשר מציעות חלופות נוחות נפוץ אלקטרודות דבק wristbands מתכת. הנה, סיבים מוליכים הםמשולב ישירות עם בדים סטרץ למנוע גירוי בעור תלאות אחרות במהלך ללבוש המורחב. בנוסף, טקסטיל מציע מספר הזדמנויות לשלב חיישני עקמומיות ללכוד תנועה 2, כדי לשלב חיישני גזירה לפיתוח ומפעילי רובוטית פונקציונליים 3, ובוודאי לשלב חיישנים ביולוגיים באמצעות זיהוי של אנליטי בזיעת 4. טכנולוגיה לבישה מודרנית מסתמך על חומרים מוליכים למחצה מבוססי פחמן המספקים מכשירים אלקטרוניים עם מאפיינים ייחודיים. האופי &quot;הרך&quot; של חומרים אורגניים מציע תכונות מכאניות טובות יותר להתממשקות גוף האדם לעומת אלקטרוניקת מצב מוצק מסורתית. תאימות מכאנית זה, יחד עם מצעים גמישים מכאני, מאפשרת השימוש של גורמי צורה שאינה מישוריים בהתקנים כגון טקסטיל. השימוש אורגני רלוונטי גם במדעי חיים בשל ele המעורבת שלהםמוליכות ctronic ו יוניות 5. חוץ מזה, מוליך למחצה אורגני וחומרים אופטו להעצים מגוון גדול של מכשירים פונקציונליים עם תצוגה, טרנזיסטור, לוגיקה, ויכול כוח 6, 7, 8, 9. הקושי העיקרי בייצור של תקנים אורגניים כגון הוא בתצהיר המבוקר של חומרים תפקודיים על המשטחים שאינם מישוריים של טקסטיל. טכניקות microfabrication קונבנציונליות מוגבלות בעיקר על ידי ההתאמה של תהליך ההדחה עם ממדיות המבניות של מצעי טקסטיל. כאן אנו מתארים פרוטוקול ייצור פשוט, וניתן להרחבה המאפשר בתצהיר סלקטיבית של פולימרים מוליכים על טקסטיל מובנה. התהליך הציג מאפשר הייצור של מכשירים אלקטרוניים לביש קונפורמי. הגישה מבוססת על הדפוסים של גהפולימר פולי ניצוח ommercially זמין (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): פולי (sulfonate סטירן) (PEDOT: PSS) וכן polydimethylsiloxane חומר סטנסיל אלסטומרי (PDMS) על טקסטיל. שילוב זה מאפשר כליאה היעילה של PEDOT המימי: פתרון PSS, כמו גם עבור השימור של התכונות הרכות stretchable של טקסטיל. שיטת ייצור פשוטה ואמינה זו סוללת את הדרך עבור הייצור של מגוון רחב של מכשירים אלקטרוניים ישירות על טקסטיל בעלות-יעיל מבחינה תעשייתית באופן מדרגי.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="748">
	<colgroup>
		<col />
		<col />
		<col />
		<col />
	</colgroup>
	<tbody>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:304px;">SYLGARD 184, Silicone elastomer kit (Base and Curing agent)</td>
			<td style="width:159px;">Dow Corning</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td style="width:167px;">PDMS elastomer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:304px;"></td>
			<td style="width:159px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td colspan="4" height="21" style="height:21px;width:748px;">The conducting polymer formulation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:304px;">CleviosTM PH 1000 PEDOT:PSS</td>
			<td style="width:159px;">Heraeus</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>Conductive polymer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:304px;">Ethylene glycol</td>
			<td style="width:159px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">03750-250ML</td>
			<td>Solvent (EG), CAS: 107-21-1</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:304px;">3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane</td>
			<td style="width:159px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>M6514</td>
			<td>Cros linker (GOPs), CAS: 2530-85-0</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:304px;">4-dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid</td>
			<td style="width:159px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">44198</td>
			<td>(DBSA), CAS: 121-65-3</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:304px;"></td>
			<td style="width:159px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td colspan="4" height="21" style="height:21px;width:748px;">The ionic liquid gel</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:304px;">UV lamp DFE 2340</td>
			<td style="width:159px;">C.I.F/ ATHELEC</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">DP134</td>
			<td>UV-365nm</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:304px;">1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium ethyl sulfate</td>
			<td style="width:159px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">51682-100G-F</td>
			<td>Ionic Liquid (IL), CAS: 342573-75-5</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:304px;">Poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate</td>
			<td style="width:159px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">455008-100ML</td>
			<td>Mn 700, CAS: 26570-48-9</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:304px;">2-Hydroxy-2-methylpropiophenon</td>
			<td style="width:159px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">405655-50ML</td>
			<td>Phot Initiator (PI), CAS: 7473-98-5</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:304px;"></td>
			<td style="width:159px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:304px;"></td>
			<td style="width:159px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:304px;">The textile fabric</td>
			<td style="width:159px;">VWR</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Spec-Wipe 7 Wipers</td>
			<td>100% interlock knit polyester fabric</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:304px;">The polyimide film</td>
			<td style="width:159px;">DuPont</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">HN100</td>
			<td>Polyimide film with 125 &#181;m thickness</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

a simple and scalable fabrication method for organic electronic devices on textiles

Today, wearable electronics devices combine a large variety of functional, stretchable, and flexible technologies. However, in many cases, these devices cannot be worn under everyday conditions. Therefore, textiles are commonly considered the best substrate to accommodate electronic devices in wearable use. In this paper, we describe how to selectively pattern organic electroactive materials on textiles from a solution in an easy and scalable manner. This versatile deposition technique enables the fabrication of wearable organic electronic devices on clothes.

שיטות מסורתיות החלת צבעים או דפוסי טקסטיל להסתמך על שכבות מיסוך נשלפו על מנת לאפשר בתצהיר סלקטיבית של צבעים. באיור 1, אנו מצביעים על ההסתגלות של גישה כזו אל הדפוסים של PEDOT: אלקטרודות PSS על טקסטיל. כשכבה מיסוך, השתמשנו polydimethylsiloxane הידרופובי, אש?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Simple and Scalable Fabrication Method for Organic Electronic Devices on Textiles at JoVE.com

A Simple and Scalable Fabrication Method for Organic Electronic Devices on Textiles

במאמר זה, אנו מציגים פרוטוקול להפקיד חומרים אורגניים באופן סלקטיבי על טקסטיל, המאפשרים אינטגרציה הישירה של מכשירים אלקטרוניים אורגניים עם פריטי לבוש. המכשירים המפוברקים ניתן לשלב באופן מלא בטקסטיל, כיבוד המראה המכאני שלהם ומאפשר יכולות חישה.

שיטת ייצור פשוט Scalable עבור מכשירים אלקטרוניים אורגניים על טקסטיל

Today, wearable electronics devices combine a large variety of functional, stretchable, and flexible technologies. However, in many cases, these devices ...

a-simple-scalable-fabrication-method-for-organic-electronic-devices

Research

JoVE Journal

Bioengineering

10.3K Views.  Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Étienne, CMP-EMSE, MOC.  במאמר זה, אנו מציגים פרוטוקול להפקיד חומרים אורגניים באופן סלקטיבי על טקסטיל, המאפשרים אינטגרציה הישירה של מכשירים אלקטרוניים אורגניים עם פריטי לבוש. המכשירים המפוברקים ניתן לשלב באופן מלא בטקסטיל, כיבוד המראה המכאני שלהם ומאפשר יכולות ח...

Video: A Simple and Scalable Fabrication Method for Organic Electronic Devices on Textiles

Simple Microfluidic Devices for in vivo Imaging of C. elegans, Drosophila and Zebrafish

Micro fabricated fluidic devices provide an accessible micro-environment for in vivo studies on small organisms. Simple fabrication processes are available for microfluidic devices using soft lithography techniques 1-3. Microfluidic devices have been used for sub-cellular imaging 4,5, in vivo laser microsurgery 2,6 and cellular imaging 4,7. In vivo imaging requires immobilization of organisms. This has been achieved using suction 5,8, tapered channels 6,7,9, deformable membranes 2-4,10, suction with additional cooling 5, anesthetic gas 11, temperature sensitive gels 12, cyanoacrylate glue 13 and anesthetics such as levamisole 14,15. Commonly used anesthetics influence synaptic transmission 16,17 and are known to have detrimental effects on sub-cellular neuronal transport 4. In this study we demonstrate a membrane based poly-dimethyl-siloxane (PDMS) device that allows anesthetic free immobilization of intact genetic model organisms such as Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans), Drosophila larvae and zebrafish larvae. These model organisms are suitable for in vivo studies in microfluidic devices because of their small diameters and optically transparent or translucent bodies. Body diameters range from ~10 &mu;m to ~800 &mu;m for early larval stages of C. elegans and zebrafish larvae and require microfluidic devices of different sizes to achieve complete immobilization for high resolution time-lapse imaging. These organisms are immobilized using pressure applied by compressed nitrogen gas through a liquid column and imaged using an inverted microscope. Animals released from the trap return to normal locomotion within 10 min.
We demonstrate four applications of time-lapse imaging in C. elegans namely, imaging mitochondrial transport in neurons, pre-synaptic vesicle transport in a transport-defective mutant, glutamate receptor transport and Q neuroblast cell division. Data obtained from such movies show that microfluidic immobilization is a useful and accurate means of acquiring in vivo data of cellular and sub-cellular events when compared to anesthetized animals (Figure 1J and 3C-F 4).
Device dimensions were altered to allow time-lapse imaging of different stages of C. elegans, first instar Drosophila larvae and zebrafish larvae. Transport of vesicles marked with synaptotagmin tagged with GFP (syt.eGFP) in sensory neurons shows directed motion of synaptic vesicle markers expressed in cholinergic sensory neurons in intact first instar Drosophila larvae. A similar device has been used to carry out time-lapse imaging of heartbeat in ~30 hr post fertilization (hpf) zebrafish larvae. These data show that the simple devices we have developed can be applied to a variety of model systems to study several cell biological and developmental phenomena in vivo.

Simple Microfluidic Devices for in vivo Imaging of C. elegans, Drosophila and Zebrafish

A simple microfluidic device has been developed to perform anesthetic free in vivo imaging of C. elegans, intact Drosophila larvae and zebrafish larvae. The device utilizes a deformable PDMS membrane to immobilize these model organisms in order to perform time lapse imaging of numerous processes such as heart beat, cell division and sub-cellular neuronal transport. We demonstrate the use of this device and show examples of different types of data collected from different model systems.

התקני microfluidic פשוטים עבור<em&gt; In vivo</em&gt; הדמיה של<em&gt; ג elegans</em&gt;,<em&gt; דרוזופילה</em&gt; ודג זברה

Micro fabricated fluidic devices provide an accessible micro-environment for in vivo studies on small organisms. Simple fabrication processes are ...

Microfluidic Chip Fabrication and Method to Detect Influenza

Fast and effective diagnostics play an important role in controlling infectious disease by enabling effective patient management and treatment. Here, we present an integrated microfluidic thermoplastic chip with the ability to amplify influenza A virus in patient nasopharyngeal (NP) swabs and aspirates. Upon loading the patient sample, the microfluidic device sequentially carries out on-chip cell lysis, RNA purification and concentration steps within the solid phase extraction (SPE), reverse transcription (RT) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in RT-PCR chambers, respectively. End-point detection is performed using an off-chip Bioanalyzer (Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA). For peripherals, we used a single syringe pump to drive reagent and samples, while two thin film heaters were used as the heat sources for the RT and PCR chambers. The chip is designed to be single layer and suitable for high throughput manufacturing to reduce the fabrication time and cost. The microfluidic chip provides a platform to analyze a wide variety of virus and bacteria, limited only by changes in reagent design needed to detect new pathogens of interest.

An integrated microfluidic thermoplastic chip has been developed for use as a molecular diagnostic. The chip performs nucleic acid extraction, reverse transcriptase, and PCR. Methods for fabricating and running the chip are described.

ייצור שבבים microfluidic ושיטה לגילוי שפעת

Fast  and effective diagnostics play an important role in controlling infectious  disease by enabling effective patient management and treatment. Here, we ...

Fabrication of a Functionalized Magnetic Bacterial Nanocellulose with Iron Oxide Nanoparticles

In this study, bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) produced by the bacteria Gluconacetobacter xylinus is synthesized and impregnated in situ with iron oxide nanoparticles (IONP) (Fe3O4) to yield a magnetic bacterial nanocellulose (MBNC). The synthesis of MBNC is a precise and specifically designed multi-step process. Briefly, bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) pellicles are formed from preserved G. xylinus strain according to our experimental requirements of size and morphology. A solution of iron(III) chloride hexahydrate (FeCl3&#183;6H2O) and iron(II) chloride tetrahydrate (FeCl2&#183;4H2O) with a 2:1 molar ratio is prepared and diluted in deoxygenated high purity water. A BNC pellicle is then introduced in the vessel with the reactants. This mixture is stirred and heated at 80 &#176;C in a silicon oil bath and ammonium hydroxide (14%) is then added by dropping to precipitate the ferrous ions into the BNC mesh. This last step allows forming in situ magnetite nanoparticles (Fe3O4) inside the bacterial nanocellulose mesh to confer magnetic properties to BNC pellicle. A toxicological assay was used to evaluate the biocompatibility of the BNC-IONP pellicle. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) was used to cover the IONPs in order to improve their biocompatibility. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images showed that the IONP were located preferentially in the fibril interlacing spaces of the BNC matrix, but some of them were also found along the BNC ribbons. Magnetic force microscope measurements performed on the MBNC detected the presence magnetic domains with high and weak intensity magnetic field, confirming the magnetic nature of the MBNC pellicle. Young&#39;s modulus values obtained in this work are also in a reasonable agreement with those reported for several blood vessels in previous studies.

Here, we present a protocol to make a bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) magnetic for applications in damaged blood vessel reconstruction. The BNC was synthesized by G. xylinus strain. On the other hand, magnetization of the BNC was realized through in situ precipitation of Fe2+ and Fe3+ ferrous ions inside the BNC mesh.

המצאה של ננוצלולוז בקטריאלי המגנטי פונקציונלי עם חלקיקים של תחמוצת ברזל

In this study, bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) produced by the bacteria Gluconacetobacter xylinus is synthesized and impregnated in situ with iron oxide ...

Fabrication and Characterization of a Conformal Skin-like Electronic System for Quantitative, Cutaneous Wound Management

Recent advances in the development of electronic technologies and biomedical devices offer opportunities for non-invasive, quantitative assessment of cutaneous wound healing on the skin. Existing methods, however, still rely on visual inspections through various microscopic tools and devices that normally include high-cost, sophisticated systems and require well trained personnel for operation and data analysis. Here, we describe methods and protocols to fabricate a conformal, skin-like electronics system that enables conformal lamination to the skin surface near the wound tissues, which provides recording of high fidelity electrical signals such as skin temperature and thermal conductivity. The methods of device fabrication provide details of step-by-step preparation of the microelectronic system that is completely enclosed with elastomeric silicone materials to offer electrical isolation. The experimental study presents multifunctional, biocompatible, waterproof, reusable, and flexible/stretchable characteristics of the device for clinical applications. Protocols of clinical testing provide an overview and sequential process of cleaning, testing setup, system operation, and data acquisition with the skin-like electronics, gently mounted on hypersensitive, cutaneous wound and contralateral tissues on patients.

This article presents methods to fabricate and characterize a conformal, skin-like electronic system and protocols for the use in clinical applications, particularly on cutaneous wound management.

ייצור ואפיון של מערכת אלקטרונית כמו-עור קונפורמי לניהול כמותי, עורית פצע

Recent advances in the development of electronic technologies and biomedical devices offer opportunities for non-invasive, quantitative assessment of ...

Biomembrane Fabrication by the Solvent-assisted Lipid Bilayer (SALB) Method

In order to mimic cell membranes, the supported lipid bilayer (SLB) is an attractive platform which enables in vitro investigation of membrane-related processes while conferring biocompatibility and biofunctionality to solid substrates. The spontaneous adsorption and rupture of phospholipid vesicles is the most commonly used method to form SLBs. However, under physiological conditions, vesicle fusion (VF) is limited to only a subset of lipid compositions and solid supports. Here, we describe a one-step general procedure called the solvent-assisted lipid bilayer (SALB) formation method in order to form SLBs which does not require vesicles. The SALB method involves the deposition of lipid molecules onto a solid surface in the presence of water-miscible organic solvents (e.g., isopropanol) and subsequent solvent-exchange with aqueous buffer solution in order to trigger SLB formation. The continuous solvent exchange step enables application of the method in a flow-through configuration suitable for monitoring bilayer formation and subsequent alterations using a wide range of surface-sensitive biosensors. The SALB method can be used to fabricate SLBs on a wide range of hydrophilic solid surfaces, including those which are intractable to vesicle fusion. In addition, it enables fabrication of SLBs composed of lipid compositions which cannot be prepared using the vesicle fusion method. Herein, we compare results obtained with the SALB and conventional vesicle fusion methods on two illustrative hydrophilic surfaces, silicon dioxide and gold. To optimize the experimental conditions for preparation of high quality bilayers prepared via the SALB method, the effect of various parameters, including the type of organic solvent in the deposition step, the rate of solvent exchange, and the lipid concentration is discussed along with troubleshooting tips. Formation of supported membranes containing high fractions of cholesterol is also demonstrated with the SALB method, highlighting the technical capabilities of the SALB technique for a wide range of membrane configurations.

Biomembrane Fabrication by the Solvent-assisted Lipid Bilayer SALB Method

We present an experimental protocol to form a supported lipid bilayer on solid substrates without using lipid vesicles. We demonstrate a one-step method to form a lipid bilayer on silicon dioxide and gold as well as supported membranes with cholesterol-enriched domain for various biological applications.

ייצור Biomembrane ידי השומנים bilayer (SALB) השיטה בסיוע מרכך

In order to mimic cell membranes, the supported lipid bilayer (SLB) is an attractive platform which enables in vitro investigation of membrane-related ...

Rod-based Fabrication of Customizable Soft Robotic Pneumatic Gripper Devices for Delicate Tissue Manipulation

Soft compliant gripping is essential in delicate surgical manipulation for minimizing the risk of tissue grip damage caused by high stress concentrations at the point of contact. It can be achieved by complementing traditional rigid grippers with soft robotic pneumatic gripper devices. This manuscript describes a rod-based approach that combined both 3D-printing and a modified soft lithography technique to fabricate the soft pneumatic gripper. In brief, the pneumatic featureless mold with chamber component is 3D-printed and the rods were used to create the pneumatic channels that connect to the chamber. This protocol eliminates the risk of channels occluding during the sealing process and the need for external air source or related control circuit. The soft gripper consists of a chamber filled with air, and one or more gripper arms with a pneumatic channel in each arm connected to the chamber. The pneumatic channel is positioned close to the outer wall to create different stiffness in the gripper arm. Upon compression of the chamber which generates pressure on the pneumatic channel, the gripper arm will bend inward to form a close grip posture because the outer wall area is more compliant. The soft gripper can be inserted into a 3D-printed handling tool with two different control modes for chamber compression: manual gripper mode with a movable piston, and robotic gripper mode with a linear actuator. The double-arm gripper with two actuatable arms was able to pick up objects of sizes up to 2 mm and yet generate lower compressive forces as compared to elastomer-coated and non-coated rigid grippers. The feasibility of having other designs, such as single-arm or hook gripper, was also demonstrated, which further highlighted the customizability of the soft gripper device, and it's potential to be used in delicate surgical manipulation to reduce the risk of tissue grip damage.

This protocol describes a rod-based approach, combining 3D-printing and soft lithography techniques for fabricating the soft gripper devices. This approach eliminates the need for an external air source by incorporating a chamber component and reduces the chance of occlusion during the sealing process, particularly for miniaturized pneumatic channels.

רוד מבוססי ייצור של מכשירים גריפר פניאומטיים רובוטית להתאמה אישית רך עבור מניפולציה רקמה עדינה

Soft compliant gripping is essential in delicate surgical manipulation for minimizing the risk of tissue grip damage caused by high stress concentrations ...

Wet Chemistry and Peptide Immobilization on Polytetrafluoroethylene for Improved Cell-adhesion

Endowing materials surface with cell-adhesive properties is a common strategy in biomaterial research and tissue engineering. This is particularly interesting for already approved polymers that have a long standing use in medicine because these materials are well characterized and legal issues associated with the introduction of newly synthesized polymers may be avoided. Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) is one of the most frequently employed materials for the manufacturing of vascular grafts but the polymer lacks cell adhesion promoting features. Endothelialization, i.e., complete coverage of the grafts inner surface with a confluent layer of endothelial cells is regarded key to optimal performance, mainly by reducing thrombogenicity of the artificial interface.
This study investigates the growth of endothelial cells on peptide-modified PTFE and compares these results to those obtained on unmodified substrate. Coupling with the endothelial cell adhesive peptide Arg-Glu-Asp-Val (REDV) is performed via activation of the fluorin-containing polymer using the reagent sodium naphthalenide, followed by subsequent conjugation steps. Cell culture is accomplished using Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVECs) and excellent cellular growth on peptide-immobilized material is demonstrated over a two-week period.

Cell-adhesiveness is key to many approaches in biomaterial research and tissue engineering. A step-by-step technique is presented using wet-chemistry for the surface modification of the important polymer PTFE with peptides.

כימיה רטובה פפטיד קיבוע על polytetrafluoroethylene עבור Cell-הדבקה משופרת

Endowing materials surface with cell-adhesive properties is a common strategy in biomaterial research and tissue engineering. This is particularly ...

Fabrication of Three-dimensional Paper-based Microfluidic Devices for Immunoassays

Paper wicks fluids autonomously due to capillary action. By patterning paper with hydrophobic barriers, the transport of fluids can be controlled and directed within a layer of paper. Moreover, stacking multiple layers of patterned paper creates sophisticated three-dimensional microfluidic networks that can support the development of analytical and bioanalytical assays. Paper-based microfluidic devices are inexpensive, portable, easy to use, and require no external equipment to operate. As a result, they hold great promise as a platform for point-of-care diagnostics. In order to properly evaluate the utility and analytical performance of paper-based devices, suitable methods must be developed to ensure their manufacture is reproducible and at a scale that is appropriate for laboratory settings. In this manuscript, a method to fabricate a general device architecture that can be used for paper-based immunoassays is described. We use a form of additive manufacturing (multi-layer lamination) to prepare devices that comprise multiple layers of patterned paper and patterned adhesive. In addition to demonstrating the proper use of these three-dimensional paper-based microfluidic devices with an immunoassay for human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), errors in the manufacturing process that may result in device failures are discussed. We expect this approach to manufacturing paper-based devices will find broad utility in the development of analytical applications designed specifically for limited-resource settings.

We detail a method to fabricate three-dimensional paper-based microfluidic devices for use in the development of immunoassays. Our approach to device assembly is a type of multilayer, additive manufacturing. We demonstrate a sandwich immunoassay to provide representative results for these types of paper-based devices.

ייצור של מכשירי microfluidic נייר מבוססים תלת ממדי עבור Immunoassays

Paper wicks fluids autonomously due to capillary action. By patterning paper with hydrophobic barriers, the transport of fluids can be controlled and ...

Microfluidic Platform with Multiplexed Electronic Detection for Spatial Tracking of Particles

Microfluidic processing of biological samples typically involves differential manipulations of suspended particles under various force fields in order to spatially fractionate the sample based on a biological property of interest. For the resultant spatial distribution to be used as the assay readout, microfluidic devices are often subjected to microscopic analysis requiring complex instrumentation with higher cost and reduced portability. To address this limitation, we have developed an integrated electronic sensing technology for multiplexed detection of particles at different locations on a microfluidic chip. Our technology, called Microfluidic CODES, combines Resistive Pulse Sensing with Code Division Multiple Access to compress 2D spatial information into a 1D electrical signal. In this paper, we present a practical demonstration of the Microfluidic CODES technology to detect and size cultured cancer cells distributed over multiple microfluidic channels. As validated by the high-speed microscopy, our technology can accurately analyze dense cell populations all electronically without the need for an external instrument. As such, the Microfluidic CODES can potentially enable low-cost integrated lab-on-a-chip devices that are well suited for the point-of-care testing of biological samples.

We demonstrate a microfluidic platform with an integrated surface electrode network that combines resistive pulse sensing (RPS) with code division multiple access (CDMA), to multiplex detection and sizing of particles in multiple microfluidic channels.

פלטפורמת microfluidic עם איתור Multiplexed אלקטרוני למערכות מעקב מרחבית של חלקיקים

Microfluidic processing of biological samples typically involves differential manipulations of suspended particles under various force fields in order to ...

Fabrication and Validation of an Organ-on-chip System with Integrated Electrodes to Directly Quantify Transendothelial Electrical Resistance

Organs-on-chips, in vitro models involving the culture of (human) tissues inside microfluidic devices, are rapidly emerging and promise to provide useful research tools for studying human health and disease. To characterize the barrier function of cell layers cultured inside organ-on-chip devices, often transendothelial or transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) is measured. To this end, electrodes are usually integrated into the chip by micromachining methods to provide more stable measurements than is achieved with manual insertion of electrodes into the inlets of the chip. However, these electrodes frequently hamper visual inspection of the studied cell layer or require expensive cleanroom processes for fabrication. To overcome these limitations, the device described here contains four easily integrated electrodes that are placed and fixed outside of the culture area, making visual inspection possible. Using these four electrodes the resistance of six measurement paths can be quantified, from which the TEER can be directly isolated, independent of the resistance of culture medium-filled microchannels. The blood-brain barrier was replicated in this device and its TEER was monitored to show the device applicability. This chip, the integrated electrodes and the TEER determination method are generally applicable in organs-on-chips, both to mimic other organs or to be incorporated into existing organ-on-chip systems.

This publication describes the fabrication of an organ-on-chip device with integrated electrodes for direct quantification of transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER). For validation, the blood-brain barrier was mimicked inside this microfluidic device and its barrier function was monitored. The presented methods for electrode integration and direct TEER quantification are generally applicable.

ייצור ואימות מערכת איברים על שבב עם אלקטרודות משולבת ישירות לכמת התנגדות חשמלית Transendothelial

Organs-on-chips, in vitro models involving the culture of (human) tissues inside microfluidic devices, are rapidly emerging and promise to provide useful ...