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13 ARTICLES PUBLISHED IN JoVE

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Bioengineering

Ex vivo Mimicry of Normal and Abnormal Human Hematopoiesis
Teresa Mortera-Blanco 1, Maria Rende 1, Hugo Macedo 1, Serene Farah 1, Alexander Bismarck 1, Athanasios Mantalaris 1, Nicki Panoskaltsis 2
1Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemical Technology, South Kensington campus, Imperial College London , 2Department of Hematology, Northwick Park & St. Mark's campus, Imperial College London

A 3D culture system for hematopoiesis is described using human cord blood and leukemic bone marrow cells. The method is based on the use of a porous synthetic polyurethane scaffold coated with extracellular matrix proteins. This scaffold is adaptable to accommodate a wide range of cells.

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Medicine

Stretch in Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells (cEND) as an In Vitro Traumatic Brain Injury Model of the Blood Brain Barrier
Ellaine Salvador 1, Winfried Neuhaus 1,2, Carola Foerster 1
1Klinik und Poliklinik für Anästhesiologie, Zentrum für operative Medizin der Universität Würzburg, 2Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna

In vitro traumatic brain injury models are being developed to reproduce in vivo brain deformation. Stretch-induced injury has been employed for astrocytes, neurons, glial cells, aortic, and brain endothelial cells. However, our system uses a blood brain barrier (BBB) model that possesses properties constituting a legitimate model of the BBB to establish an in vitro TBI model.

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Bioengineering

Manufacturing Of Robust Natural Fiber Preforms Utilizing Bacterial Cellulose as Binder
Koon-Yang Lee 1,2, Siti Rosminah Shamsuddin 3, Marta Fortea-Verdejo 1, Alexander Bismarck 1,3
1Polymer and Composite Engineering (PaCE) Group, Institute of Materials Chemistry and Research, University of Vienna, 2Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, 3Polymer and Composite Engineering (PaCE) Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London

We present a novel method of manufacturing rigid and robust short natural fiber preforms using a papermaking process. Bacterial cellulose acts simultaneously as the binder for the loose fibers and provides rigidity to the fiber preforms. These preforms can be infused with a resin to produce truly green hierarchical composites.

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Biology

Hemi-laryngeal Setup for Studying Vocal Fold Vibration in Three Dimensions
Christian T. Herbst 1,2, Vit Hampala 1, Maxime Garcia 2,3, Riccardo Hofer 2, Jan G. Svec 1
1Voice Research Lab, Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Palacky University Olomouc, 2Laboratory of Bio-Acoustics, Dept. of Cognitive Biology, University of Vienna, 3ENES Lab, NEURO-PSI,CNRS UMR 9197, Université Lyon/Saint-Etienne, France

This paper introduces a protocol for the preparation of hemi-larynx specimens facilitating a multi-dimensional view of vocal fold vibration, in order to investigate various biophysical aspects of voice production in humans and non-human mammals.

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Behavior

The Other End of the Leash: An Experimental Test to Analyze How Owners Interact with Their Pet Dogs
Giulia Cimarelli 1,2,3, Borbála Turcsán 1,4, Friederike Range 1,2, Zsófia Virányi 1,2
1Comparative Cognition, Messerli Research Institute, University of Veterinary Medicine of Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, University of Vienna, 2Wolf Science Center, Messerli Research Institute, University of Veterinary Medicine of Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, University of Vienna, 3Department of Cognitive Biology, University of Vienna, 4Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences

This article presents eight different experimental tasks, mirroring the everyday life of dogs and owners, used to analyze how owners interact with their dogs in a standardized way. The tasks included both positive (e.g. play) and negative (potentially stressful) situations (e.g. physical restriction).

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Environment

RGB and Spectral Root Imaging for Plant Phenotyping and Physiological Research: Experimental Setup and Imaging Protocols
Gernot Bodner 1, Mouhannad Alsalem 1, Alireza Nakhforoosh 1, Thomas Arnold 2, Daniel Leitner 3,4
1Division of Agronomy, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 2Carinthian Tech Research AG, High Tech Campus Villach, 3Computational Science Center, University of Vienna, 4Simulationswerkstatt

An experimental protocol is presented for assessment of soil grown plant root systems with RGB and hyperspectral imaging. Combination of RGB image time series with chemometric information from hyperspectral scans optimizes insights into plant root dynamics.

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Medicine

Contractility Measurements of Human Uterine Smooth Muscle to Aid Drug Development
Sarah Arrowsmith *1, Peter Keov 2, Markus Muttenthaler 3,4, Christian W. Gruber *2,5
1Harris-Wellbeing Preterm Birth Research Centre, Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, 2School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, 3Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Biological Chemistry, University of Vienna, 4Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, 5Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna

This article describes experimental protocols to study ex vivo contractions of human myometrium and their application in drug discovery. This technique is used to improve the understanding of myometrial physiology and pathophysiology as well as to validate pharmacological data from novel research probes or drug leads.

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Bioengineering

Biological Compatibility Profile on Biomaterials for Bone Regeneration
Carina Kampleitner 1, Jessika Obi 2, Nicola Vassilev 2, Michelle M. Epstein 2, Oskar Hoffmann 1
1Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Vienna, 2Laboratory of Experimental Allergy, Division of Immunology, Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna

The number of novel biomaterials engineered for repairing large bone lesions is continuously expanding with the aim to enhance bone healing and overcome the complications associated with bone transplantation. Here, we present a multidisciplinary strategy for pre-clinical biocompatibility testing of biomaterials for bone repair.

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Chemistry

Technical Aspect of the Automated Synthesis and Real-Time Kinetic Evaluation of [11C]SNAP-7941
Chrysoula Vraka 1, Verena Pichler 1, Sarah Pfaff 1, Theresa Balber 1,2, Marcus Hacker 1, Markus Mitterhauser 1,3, Wolfgang Wadsak 1,4, Cecile Philippe 1
1Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 2Department for Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, 3Ludwig Boltzmann Institute Applied Diagnostics, 4CBmed GmbH - Center for Biomarker Research in Medicine

Here, we represent a protocol for the fully automated radiolabelling of [11C]SNAP-7941 and the analysis of the real-time kinetics of this PET-tracer on P-gp expressing and non-expressing cells.

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JoVE Journal

High-Density DNA and RNA microarrays - Photolithographic Synthesis, Hybridization and Preparation of Large Nucleic Acid Libraries
Jory Lietard 1, Erika Schaudy 1, Kathrin Hölz 1, Dominik Ameur 1, Mark M. Somoza 1
1Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna

In this article, we present and discuss new developments in the synthesis and applications of nucleic acid microarrays fabricated in situ. Specifically, we show how the protocols for DNA synthesis can be extended to RNA and how microarrays can be used to create retrievable nucleic acid libraries.

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Environment

Laser-Induced Fluorescence Emission (L.I.F.E.) as Novel Non-Invasive Tool for In-Situ Measurements of Biomarkers in Cryospheric Habitats
Klemens Weisleitner 1,2, Lars Hunger 3, Christoph Kohstall 4, Albert Frisch 5, Michael C. Storrie-Lombardi 6, Birgit Sattler 1,2
1Institute of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, 2Austrian Polar Research Institute, University of Vienna, 3BrainLinks-BrainTools, Bernstein Center Freiburg, 4Atom Science, Kasevich Lab, Stanford University, 5Institute of Experimental Physics, University of Innsbruck, 6Department of Physics, Extraterrestrial Vehicle Instruments Laboratory, Harvey Mudd College

Carbon fluxes in the cryosphere are hardly assessed yet but are crucial regarding climate change. Here we show a novel prototype device that captures the phototrophic potential in supraglacial environments based on laser-induced fluorescence emission (L.I.F.E.) technology offering high spectral and spatial resolution data under in situ conditions.

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Behavior

The Innovation Arena: A Method for Comparing Innovative Problem-Solving Across Groups
Theresa Rössler 1,3, Berenika Mioduszewska 1,4, Mark O’Hara 1,2, Ludwig Huber 1, Dewi M. Prawiradilaga 2, Alice M. I. Auersperg 1
1Comparative Cognition, Messerli Research Institute, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, University of Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, 2Research Center for Biology, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), 3Department of Cognitive Biology, University of Vienna, 4Max Planck Institute for Ornithology

The Innovation Arena is a novel comparative method for studying technical innovation rate per time unit in animals. It is composed of 20 different problem-solving tasks, which are presented simultaneously. Innovations can be carried out freely and the setup is robust with regard to predispositions on an individual, population or species level.

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Biology

High Throughput Image-Based Phenotyping for Determining Morphological and Physiological Responses to Single and Combined Stresses in Potato
Lamis Osama Anwar Abdelhakim 1, Barbora Pleskačová 1, Natalia Yaneth Rodriguez-Granados 2, Rashmi Sasidharan 2, Lucia Sandra Perez-Borroto 3, Sophia Sonnewald 4, Kristina Gruden 5, Ute C. Vothknecht 6, Markus Teige 7, Klára Panzarová 1
1PSI (Photon Systems Instruments), spol. s r.o. Drasov, 2Plant Stress Resilience, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, 3Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research, 4Department of Biology, Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 5Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, National Institute of Biology, 6Plant Cell Biology, Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of Bonn, 7Department of Functional & Evolutionary Ecology, University of Vienna

We designed an image-based phenotyping protocol to determine the morphological and physiological responses to single and combined heat, drought, and waterlogging treatments. This approach enabled the identification of early, late, and recovery responses at a whole plant level, particularly above-ground parts, and highlighted the necessity of using multiple imaging sensors.

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