A comprehensive methodology is described for overcoming experimental obstacles encountered when using tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) to map the properties of graphene surfaces. Critical steps, such as the optical alignment of the system, the preparation of TERS probes and the operational TERS procedure required to obtain consistent results, are outlined.
Here, we present a protocol to test and optimize space propulsion systems based on miniaturized Hall-type thrusters.
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