A comprehensive methodology is described for overcoming experimental obstacles encountered when using tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) to map the properties of graphene surfaces. Critical steps, such as the optical alignment of the system, the preparation of TERS probes and the operational TERS procedure required to obtain consistent results, are outlined.
Here, we present a protocol to test and optimize space propulsion systems based on miniaturized Hall-type thrusters.
Cell spheroids have been considered one potential model in the field of biological applications. This article describes protocols for scalably generating cell spheroids using a 3D acoustic assembly device, which provides an efficient method for the robust and rapid fabrication of uniform cell spheroids.
Copyright © 2025 MyJoVE Corporation. All rights reserved