Grand Valley State University

6 ARTICLES PUBLISHED IN JoVE

Environment

Laboratory Estimation of Net Trophic Transfer Efficiencies of PCB Congeners to Lake Trout (Salvelinus namaycush) from Its Prey

Charles P. Madenjian¹, Richard R. Rediske², James P. O'Keefe², Solomon R. David³

¹Great Lakes Science Center, U. S. Geological Survey, ²Annis Water Resources Institute, Grand Valley State University, ³Daniel P. Haerther Center for Conservation and Research, Shedd Aquarium

A technique for laboratory estimation of net trophic transfer efficiency of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners to piscivorous fish from their prey is presented. To maximize applicability of the laboratory results to the field, the piscivorous fish should be fed prey fish that are typically eaten in the field.

Environment

Laboratory-determined Phosphorus Flux from Lake Sediments as a Measure of Internal Phosphorus Loading

Mary E. Ogdahl¹, Alan D. Steinman¹, Maggie E. Weinert¹

¹Annis Water Resources Institute, Grand Valley State University

Lake eutrophication is a water quality issue worldwide, making the need to identify and control nutrient sources critical. Laboratory determination of phosphorus release rates from sediment cores is a valuable approach for determining the role of internal phosphorus loading and guiding management decisions.

Medicine

Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Skeletal Muscle Disease

Bruce M. Damon^1,2,3,4, Ke Li^1,2, Richard D. Dortch^1,2, E. Brian Welch^1,2, Jane H. Park^1,2,4, Amanda K. W. Buck^1,2, Theodore F. Towse^1,2,5, Mark D. Does^1,2,3, Daniel F. Gochberg^1,2,6, Nathan D. Bryant^1,2

¹Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, ²Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, ³Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, ⁴Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, ⁵Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Vanderbilt University, ⁶Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University

Neuromuscular diseases often exhibit a temporally varying, spatially heterogeneous, and multi-faceted pathology. The goal of this protocol is to characterize this pathology using non-invasive magnetic resonance imaging methods.

Medicine

Human Brown Adipose Tissue Depots Automatically Segmented by Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography and Registered Magnetic Resonance Images

Aliya Gifford¹, Theodore F. Towse², Ronald C. Walker³, Malcolm J. Avison⁴, E. Brian Welch³

¹Chemical and Physical Biology Program, Vanderbilt University, ²Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, ³Radiology & Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, ⁴Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University

The method presented here uses ¹⁸F-Fluorodeoxyglucose (¹⁸F-FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET-CT) and fat-water separated magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), each scanned following 2 hr exposure to thermoneutral (24 °C) and cold conditions (17 °C) in order to map brown adipose tissue (BAT) in adult human subjects.

Medicine

Glaucoma-inducing Procedure in an In Vivo Rat Model and Whole-mount Retina Preparation

Cynthia A. Gossman¹, David M. Linn², Cindy Linn¹

¹Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, ²Department of Biomedical Sciences, Grand Valley State University

Glaucoma is characterized by damage to retinal ganglion cells. Inducing glaucoma in animal models can provide insight into the study of this disease. Here, we outline a procedure that induces loss of RGCs in an in vivo rat model and demonstrates the preparation of whole-mount retinas for analysis.

Medicine

Fat-Water Phantoms for Magnetic Resonance Imaging Validation: A Flexible and Scalable Protocol

Emily C. Bush¹, Aliya Gifford², Crystal L. Coolbaugh¹, Theodore F. Towse^1,3,4, Bruce M. Damon^1,5,6,7, E. Brian Welch^1,5

¹Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, ²Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, ³Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, ⁴Department of Biomedical Sciences, Grand Valley State University, ⁵Department of Radiology & Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, ⁶Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, ⁷Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University

The purpose of this work is to describe a protocol for creating a practical fat-water phantom that can be customized to produce phantoms with varying fat percentages and volumes.