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16 ARTICLES PUBLISHED IN JoVE

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Neuroscience

MPI CyberMotion Simulator: Implementation of a Novel Motion Simulator to Investigate Multisensory Path Integration in Three Dimensions
Michael Barnett-Cowan 1, Tobias Meilinger 1, Manuel Vidal 2, Harald Teufel 1, Heinrich H. Bülthoff 1,3
1Department of Human Perception, Cognition and Action, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, 2Laboratoire de Physiologie de la Perception et de l'Action, Collège de France - CNRS, 3Department of Brain and Cognitive Engineering, Korea University

An efficient way to gain insight into how humans navigate themselves in three dimensions is described. The method takes advantage of a motion simulator capable of moving observers in ways unattainable by traditional simulators. Results confirm that movement in the horizontal plane is underestimated, while vertical movement is overestimated.

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Engineering

Preparation and Evaluation of Hybrid Composites of Chemical Fuel and Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes in the Study of Thermopower Waves
Hayoung Hwang *1, Taehan Yeo *1, Yonghwan Cho 1, Dongjoon Shin 1, Wonjoon Choi 1
1School of Mechanical Engineering, Korea University

A protocol for conducting thermopower wave experiments is presented. The synthesis of hybrid composites of a chemical fuel and micro/nanostructured material, manufacturing of a thermopower wave generator, and methods for measuring the corresponding physical phenomena are described.

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Engineering

Visible-light Induced Reduction of Graphene Oxide Using Plasmonic Nanoparticle
Dinesh Kumar 1, Ah-Reum Lee 1, Sandeep Kaur 2, Dong-Kwon Lim 1
1KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 2Department of BIN Fusion Technology, Chonbuk National University

A simple protocol for the preparation of reduced graphene oxide using visible light and plasmonic nanoparticle is described.

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JoVE Core

Fabrication of Mechanically Tunable and Bioactive Metal Scaffolds for Biomedical Applications
Hyun-Do Jung 1, Hyun Lee 2, Hyoun-Ee Kim 2,3, Young-Hag Koh 4, Juha Song 3
1Liquid Processing & Casting Technology R&D Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, 2Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, 3Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, 4School of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University

Bioactive and mechanically reliable metal scaffolds have been fabricated through a method which consists of two processes, dynamic freeze casting for the fabrication of porous Ti, and coating and densification of the Ti scaffolds. The densification process is simple, effective and applicable to the fabrication of functionally graded scaffolds.

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Neuroscience

Imaging Membrane Potential with Two Types of Genetically Encoded Fluorescent Voltage Sensors
Sungmoo Lee 1,2, Hong Hua Piao 2, Masoud Sepheri-Rad 2, Arong Jung 2,3, Uhna Sung 2, Yoon-Kyu Song 1,4, Bradley J. Baker 2
1Department of Transdisciplinary Studies, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, 2Center for Functional Connectomics, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 3College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, 4Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology

A method for imaging changes in membrane potential using genetically encoded voltage indicators is described.

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Immunology and Infection

Effects of Exposure of Formaldehyde to a Rat Model of Atopic Dermatitis Induced by Neonatal Capsaicin Treatment
Rafael Taeho Han 1, Seung Keun Back 2, JaeHee Lee 1, Hye young Kim 1, Hee Jin Kim 3, Heung Sik Na 1
1Neuroscience Research Institute & Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Korea University, 2Department of Pharmaceutics and Biotechnology, College of Medical Engineering, Konyang University, 3Division of Biological Science and Technology, Science and Technology College, Yonsei University Wonju Campus

We describe here methods for neonatal capsaicin treatment to induce atopic dermatitis in rats and exposure of vaporized formaldehyde to investigate the effects of formaldehyde inhalation on atopic dermatitis.

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Bioengineering

Fabrication of Gradient Nanopattern by Thermal Nanoimprinting Technique and Screening of the Response of Human Endothelial Colony-forming Cells
Dae Hwan Kim *1, Long-Hui Cui *2, Ha-Rim Seo 2, Hyung Joon Joo 2, Seung-Cheol Choi 2, Do-Sun Lim 2, Kyu Back Lee 1
1School of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University, 2Department of Cardiology, Korea University Anam Hospital

Here, we present a protocol for the fabrication of gradient nanopattern plates via thermal nanoimprinting and the method of screening responses of human endothelial progenitor cells to the nanostructures. By using the described technology, it is possible to produce a scaffold that can manipulate cell behavior by physical stimuli.

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Bioengineering

Syringe-injectable Mesh Electronics for Stable Chronic Rodent Electrophysiology
Thomas G. Schuhmann Jr. 1, Tao Zhou 2, Guosong Hong 2, Jung Min Lee 2,3, Tian-Ming Fu 2, Hong-Gyu Park 3, Charles M. Lieber 1,2
1John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, 2Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 3Department of Physics, Korea University

Mesh electronics probes seamlessly integrate and provide stable, long-term, single-neuron level recording within the brain. This protocol uses mesh electronics for in vivo experiments, involving the fabrication of mesh electronics, loading into needles, stereotaxic injection, input/output interfacing, recording experiments, and histology of tissue containing mesh probes.

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Biochemistry

Quantification of Hypopigmentation Activity In Vitro
Yeon-Ji Kim 1, Min-Jung Kim 1, Dong-Keon Kweon 2, Seung-Taik Lim 1, Sung-Joon Lee 1
1Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, 2JinWoo Bio Co. Ltd

We describe three experimental methods for evaluating the hypopigmentation activity of chemicals in vitro: quantification of 1) cellular tyrosinase activity and 2) melanin content, and 3) measurement of melanin by cellular melanin staining and image analysis.

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Biochemistry

Monitoring GPCR-β-arrestin1/2 Interactions in Real Time Living Systems to Accelerate Drug Discovery
Arfaxad Reyes-Alcaraz 1, Yoo-Na Lee 1, Seongsik Yun 1, Jong-Ik Hwang 1, Jae Young Seong 1
1Graduate School of Medicine, Korea University

GPCR-β-arrestin interactions are an emerging field in GPCR drug discovery. Accurate, precise and easy to set up methods are necessary to monitor such interactions in living systems. We show a structural complementation assay to monitor GPCR-β-arrestin interactions in real time living cells, and it can be extended to any GPCR.

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Bioengineering

Traction Microscopy Integrated with Microfluidics for Chemotactic Collective Migration
Hwanseok Jang 1, Jongseong Kim 1, Jennifer H. Shin 2, Jeffrey J. Fredberg 3, Chan Young Park 3, Yongdoo Park 1
1Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University, 2Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 3Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health

Collective cell migration in development, wound healing, and cancer metastasis is often guided by the gradients of growth factors or signaling molecules. Described here is an experimental system combining traction microscopy with a microfluidic system and a demonstration of how to quantify the mechanics of collective migration under biochemical gradient.

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Chemistry

Development of Heterogeneous Enantioselective Catalysts using Chiral Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs)
Jeehwan Han *1, Seongwoo Kim *2, Mi Sun Lee 1, Min Kim 2, Nakcheol Jeong 1
1Department of Chemistry, Korea University, 2Department of Chemistry and BK21Plus Research Team, Chungbuk National University

Here, we present a protocol for active site validation of metal-organic framework catalysts by comparing stoichiometric and catalytic carbonyl-ene reactions to find out whether a reaction takes place on the inner or outer surface of metal-organic frameworks.

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Biochemistry

Paper-Based Preconcentration and Isolation of Microvesicles and Exosomes
Dohwan Lee *1, Kyung Wook Wee *1, Hyerin Kim *1, Sung Il Han 1, Seungmin Kwak 1,2, Dae Sung Yoon 3, Jeong Hoon Lee 1
1Department of Electrical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 2Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), 3School of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University

Presented is a protocol to fabricate a paper-based device for the effective enrichment and isolation of microvesicles and exosomes.

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Neuroscience

Electroencephalography Network Indices as Biomarkers of Upper Limb Impairment in Chronic Stroke
Ga-Young Choi *1, Won Kee Chang *2, Miseon Shim 1, Nuri Kim 2, Ji-hee Jang 2, Won-Seok Kim 2, Han-Jeong Hwang 1,3, Nam-Jong Paik 2
1Department of Electronics and Information Engineering, Korea University, 2Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 3Interdisciplinary Graduate Program for Artificial Intelligence Smart Convergence Technology, Korea University

The experimental protocol demonstrates the paradigm for acquiring and analyzing electroencephalography (EEG) signals during upper limb movement in individuals with stroke. The alteration of the functional network of low-beta EEG frequency bands was observed during the movement of the impaired upper limb and was associated with the degree of motor impairment.

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Biochemistry

Arteriovenous Metabolomics to Measure In Vivo Metabolite Exchange in Brown Adipose Tissue
Sanghun Lee *1, Gyumin Lim *2,3, Soyeon Kim *1, Hyoju Kim 1, Yeon Jin Roh 3, Wantae Kim 2, Dong Wook Choi 3, Su Myung Jung 1
1Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), 2Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungnam National University, 3Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University

In this protocol, methods relevant for BAT-optimized arteriovenous metabolomics using GC-MS in a mouse model are outlined. These methods allow for the acquisition of valuable insights into BAT-mediated metabolite exchange at the organismal level.

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Neuroscience

Understanding the Effects of Non-Invasive Transauricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation on EEG and HRV
Anna Carolyna Gianlorenco 1,2, Kevin Pacheco-Barrios 1,3, Lucas Camargo 1, Elly Pichardo 1, Hyuk Choi 4,5, Jae-Jun Song 5,6, Felipe Fregni 1
1Neuromodulation Center and Center for Clinical Research Learning, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 2Physical Therapy Department, Federal University of Sao Carlos, 3Vicerrectorado de Investigación, Universidad de Investigación para la Generación y Síntesis de Evidencia en Salud, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, 4Department of Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Korea University, 5Neurive Co., Ltd., 6Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Korea University Medical Center

This protocol provides information on how to apply transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) in a clinical trial, including potential biomarkers such as EEG metrics and heart rate variability (HRV) to measure the effect of this treatment on the autonomic nervous system.

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