University of Michigan School of Dentistry

8 ARTICLES PUBLISHED IN JoVE

Neuroscience

Electrode Positioning and Montage in Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation

Alexandre F. DaSilva¹, Magdalena Sarah Volz^2,3, Marom Bikson⁴, Felipe Fregni²

¹Headache & Orofacial Pain Effort (H.O.P.E.), Biologic & Material Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan , ²Laboratory of Neuromodulation, Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, ³Charité, University Medicine Berlin, ⁴Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is an established technique to modulate cortical excitability^1,2. It has been used as an investigative tool in neuroscience due to its effects on cortical plasticity, easy operation, and safe profile. One area that tDCS has been showing encouraging results is pain alleviation ^3-5.

Biology

Isolation and Primary Culture of Rat Hepatic Cells

Ling Shen¹, Allix Hillebrand², David Q.-H. Wang³, Min Liu¹

¹Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, ²American University in Washington, D.C., ³Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine

Primary hepatocytes provide a valuable tool to evaluate biochemical, molecular, and metabolic functions in a physiologically relevant experimental system. We describe a reliable protocol for rat in situ liver perfusion, which consistently generates viable hepatocytes up to 1.0 × 10⁸ cells per preparation with cell viability between 88 ~ 96%.

Biology

Isometric and Eccentric Force Generation Assessment of Skeletal Muscles Isolated from Murine Models of Muscular Dystrophies

Catherine Moorwood¹, Min Liu², Zuozhen Tian², Elisabeth R. Barton³

¹Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, ²Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, ³Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Dental Medicine, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania

Muscle function measurements contribute to the evaluation of potential therapeutics for muscle pathology, as well as to the determination of mechanisms underlying physiology of this tissue. We will demonstrate the preparation of the extensor digitorum longus and diaphragm muscles for functional testing. Protocols for isometric and eccentric contractions will be shown, as well as differences in results between dystrophic muscles, representing a pathological state, and wildtype muscles.

Medicine

Technique and Considerations in the Use of 4x1 Ring High-definition Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (HD-tDCS)

Mauricio F. Villamar^1,2, Magdalena Sarah Volz^1,3, Marom Bikson⁴, Abhishek Datta^1,4, Alexandre F. DaSilva^*5, Felipe Fregni^*1

¹Laboratory of Neuromodulation, Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, ²School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Ecuador, ³Charité University Medicine Berlin, ⁴The City College of The City University of New York, ⁵Headache & Orofacial Pain Effort (H.O.P.E.), Biologic & Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan

High-definition transcranial direct current stimulation (HD-tDCS), with its 4x1-ring montage, is a noninvasive brain stimulation technique that combines both the neuromodulatory effects of conventional tDCS with increased focality. This article provides a systematic demonstration of the use of 4x1 HD-tDCS, and the considerations needed for safe and effective stimulation.

Medicine

3D-Neuronavigation In Vivo Through a Patient's Brain During a Spontaneous Migraine Headache

Alexandre F. DaSilva^*1,2,3, Thiago D. Nascimento^*1, Tiffany Love^*3, Marcos F. DosSantos¹, Ilkka K. Martikainen^1,3, Chelsea M. Cummiford³, Misty DeBoer¹, Sarah R. Lucas¹, MaryCatherine A. Bender¹, Robert A. Koeppe⁴, Theodore Hall⁵, Sean Petty⁵, Eric Maslowski⁵, Yolanda R. Smith⁶, Jon-Kar Zubieta³

¹Headache & Orofacial Pain Effort (H.O.P.E.), Biological & Materials Sciences Department, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, ²Michigan Center for Oral Health Research (MCOHR), University of Michigan School of Dentistry, ³Translational Neuroimaging Laboratory, Molecular & Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, ⁴PET Physics Section, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Radiology Department, University of Michigan, ⁵3DLab, University of Michigan, ⁶Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan

In this study, the authors report for the first time a novel 3D-Immersive & Interactive Neuronavigation (3D-IIN) through the impact of a spontaneous migraine headache attack in the μ-opioid system of a patient's brain in vivo.

Medicine

Direct Mouse Trauma/Burn Model of Heterotopic Ossification

Jonathan R. Peterson¹, Shailesh Agarwal¹, R. Cameron Brownley¹, Shawn J. Loder¹, Kavitha Ranganathan¹, Paul S. Cederna¹, Yuji Mishina², Stewart C. Wang¹, Benjamin Levi¹

¹Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, ²Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry

An Achilles tenotomy and burn injury model of heterotopic ossification allows for the reliable study of trauma induced ectopic bone formation without the application of exogenous factors.

Developmental Biology

Tissue Preparation and Immunostaining of Mouse Craniofacial Tissues and Undecalcified Bone

Jingwen Yang^*1,2, Haichun Pan^*2, Yuji Mishina²

¹The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedicine of Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, ²Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan

Here, we present a detailed protocol to detect and quantify protein levels during craniofacial morphogenesis/pathogenesis by immunostaining using mouse craniofacial tissues as examples. In addition, we describe a method for preparation and cryosectioning of undecalcified hard tissues from young mice for immunostaining.

Medicine

The Chick Chorioallantoic Membrane In Vivo Model to Assess Perineural Invasion in Head and Neck Cancer

Ligia B. Schmitd¹, Min Liu¹, Christina S. Scanlon¹, Rajat Banerjee¹, Nisha J. D’Silva^1,2

¹Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, ²Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School

Perineural invasion is an aggressive phenotype for head and neck squamous cell carcinomas and other tumors. The chick chorioallantoic membrane model has been used for studying angiogenesis, cancer invasion, and metastasis. Here we demonstrate how this model can be utilized to assess perineural invasion in vivo.