William L. Young

Intracarotid nitroprusside does not augment cerebral blood flow in human subjects.

Reemergence of stroke deficits with midazolam challenge.

In nonhuman primates intracarotid adenosine, but not sodium nitroprusside, increases cerebral blood flow.

Anesthetic management of deep hypothermic circulatory arrest for cerebral aneurysm clipping.

Adaptation of cerebral circulation to brain arteriovenous malformations increases feeding artery pressure and decreases regional hypotension.

Characteristics of brain arteriovenous malformations with coexisting aneurysms: a comparison of two referral centers.

Intra-arterial 133Xe measurements suggest a dose-dependent increase in cerebral blood flow during intracarotid infusion of adenosine in nonhuman primates.

Characterization of the cerebral blood flow response to balloon deflation after temporary internal carotid artery test occlusion.

Clinical utility of quantitative cerebral blood flow measurements during internal carotid artery test occlusions.

Use of ICD-9 coding for estimating the occurrence of cerebrovascular malformations.

Relationship of nidal vessel radius and wall thickness to brain arteriovenous malformation hemorrhage.

Interventional neuroradiology--anesthetic considerations.

Increased cerebral blood flow after brain arteriovenous malformation resection is substantially independent of changes in cardiac output.

Intraarterially administered verapamil as adjunct therapy for cerebral vasospasm: safety and 2-year experience.

Reliability of angiographic assessment of brain arteriovenous malformations.

Despite in vitro increase in cyclic guanosine monophosphate concentrations, intracarotid nitroprusside fails to augment cerebral blood flow of healthy baboons.

Abnormal expression of matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases in brain arteriovenous malformations.

Computational approach to quantifying hemodynamic forces in giant cerebral aneurysms.

Participation of PI3K and ERK1/2 pathways are required for human brain vascular smooth muscle cell migration.

Induction of focal angiogenesis through adenoviral vector mediated vascular endothelial cell growth factor gene transfer in the mature mouse brain.

Gene microarray analysis of human brain arteriovenous malformations.

Vascular endothelial growth factor induces abnormal microvasculature in the endoglin heterozygous mouse brain.

"Tangential" resection of medial temporal lobe arteriovenous malformations with the orbitozygomatic approach.

Physiologic monitoring and anesthesia considerations in acute ischemic stroke.

The relationship of coexisting extranidal aneurysms to intracranial hemorrhage in patients harboring brain arteriovenous malformations.

The transgenic arteriovenous fistula in the rat: an experimental model of gene therapy for brain arteriovenous malformations.

Longitudinal risk of intracranial hemorrhage in patients with arteriovenous malformation of the brain within a defined population.

Doxycycline suppresses cerebral matrix metalloproteinase-9 and angiogenesis induced by focal hyperstimulation of vascular endothelial growth factor in a mouse model.

Minocycline exerts multiple inhibitory effects on vascular endothelial growth factor-induced smooth muscle cell migration: the role of ERK1/2, PI3K, and matrix metalloproteinases.

Polymorphisms in genes involved in inflammatory and angiogenic pathways and the risk of hemorrhagic presentation of brain arteriovenous malformations.

Are there genetic influences on sporadic brain arteriovenous malformations?

Neurotoxicity of intra-arterial papaverine preserved with chlorobutanol used for the treatment of cerebral vasospasm after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Retroviral delivery of homeobox D3 gene induces cerebral angiogenesis in mice.

Suppression of MMP-9 by doxycycline in brain arteriovenous malformations.

Magnetic resonance perfusion tracks 133Xe cerebral blood flow changes after carotid stenting.

Effect of presenting hemorrhage on outcome after microsurgical resection of brain arteriovenous malformations.

Cerebral blood flow changes after endovascular treatment of cerebrovascular stenoses.

Coexpression of angiogenic factors in brain arteriovenous malformations.

Giant infiltrative cavernous malformation: clinical presentation, intervention, and genetic analysis: case report.

Angiopoietin-2 facilitates vascular endothelial growth factor-induced angiogenesis in the mature mouse brain.

Plasma B-type natriuretic peptide levels are associated with early cardiac dysfunction after subarachnoid hemorrhage.

在大脑发育过程中的血管生成： 血管内皮生长因子和血管生成素-2 在动物模型中的影响。

Long-term hemorrhage risk in children versus adults with brain arteriovenous malformations.

Regional versus general anesthesia and the "Baconian" scientific method.

Polymorphisms in transforming growth factor-beta-related genes ALK1 and ENG are associated with sporadic brain arteriovenous malformations.

Correlation between lumenal geometry changes and hemodynamics in fusiform intracranial aneurysms.

Interobserver variability in grading of brain arteriovenous malformations using the Spetzler-Martin system.

Interleukin-6 involvement in brain arteriovenous malformations.

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha-238G>A promoter polymorphism is associated with increased risk of new hemorrhage in the natural course of patients with brain arteriovenous malformations.

Dose-response effect of tetracyclines on cerebral matrix metalloproteinase-9 after vascular endothelial growth factor hyperstimulation.

Interleukin-6 triggers human cerebral endothelial cells proliferation and migration: the role for KDR and MMP-9.

Management of brain arteriovenous malformations.

Neurosurgery at the crossroads: integrated multidisciplinary management of 449 patients with brain arteriovenous malformations.

Apolipoprotein E epsilon 2 is associated with new hemorrhage risk in brain arteriovenous malformations.

MMP-9 expression is associated with leukocytic but not endothelial markers in brain arteriovenous malformations.

Recombinant adeno-associated viral vector encoding human VEGF165 induces neomicrovessel formation in the adult mouse brain.

Adrenoceptor polymorphisms and the risk of cardiac injury and dysfunction after subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Intracranial aneurysms: links among inflammation, hemodynamics and vascular remodeling.

Interleukin-6 upregulates expression of KDR and stimulates proliferation of human cerebrovascular smooth muscle cells.

Estimating the hemodynamic impact of interventional treatments of aneurysms: numerical simulation with experimental validation: technical case report.

Superior outcomes in children compared with adults after microsurgical resection of brain arteriovenous malformations.

Adeno-associated viral-vector-mediated hypoxia-inducible vascular endothelial growth factor gene expression attenuates ischemic brain injury after focal cerebral ischemia in mice.

Expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 and vascular endothelial growth factor in response to venous hypertension.

Cardiovascular predictors of in-patient mortality after subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Comparison of doxycycline and minocycline in the inhibition of VEGF-induced smooth muscle cell migration.

Growth and regression of arteriovenous malformations in a patient with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. Case report.

Neutrophil depletion decreases VEGF-induced focal angiogenesis in the mature mouse brain.

The effects of diffuseness and deep perforating artery supply on outcomes after microsurgical resection of brain arteriovenous malformations.

Arteriovenous malformation.

Interleukin-6 stimulates circulating blood-derived endothelial progenitor cell angiogenesis in vitro.

Antithrombogenic property of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in nanofibrous vascular grafts.

Sylvian fissure arteriovenous malformations: an application of the Sugita classification to 28 surgical patients.

Estimation of fusiform intracranial aneurysm growth by serial magnetic resonance imaging.

Matrix metalloproteinase-9 inhibition attenuates vascular endothelial growth factor-induced intracerebral hemorrhage.

Racial/Ethnic differences in longitudinal risk of intracranial hemorrhage in brain arteriovenous malformation patients.

Commentary on: Brain arteriovenous malformation and its implication in forensic pathology.

Anesthesia for endovascular neurosurgery and interventional neuroradiology.

Association of tumor necrosis factor-alpha-238G>A and apolipoprotein E2 polymorphisms with intracranial hemorrhage after brain arteriovenous malformation treatment.

Upregulation of EMMPRIN after permanent focal cerebral ischemia.

Feasibility of minocycline and doxycycline use as potential vasculostatic therapy for brain vascular malformations: pilot study of adverse events and tolerance.

Insulin growth factor-1 gene transfer enhances neurovascular remodeling and improves long-term stroke outcome in mice.

Endothelial nitric oxide synthase polymorphism (-786T->C) and increased risk of angiographic vasospasm after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Numerical simulation of pre- and postsurgical flow in a giant basilar aneurysm.

Risk factors for hemorrhagic presentation in patients with dural arteriovenous fistulae.

Overexpression of netrin-1 induces neovascularization in the adult mouse brain.

Del-1 gene transfer induces cerebral angiogenesis in mice.

Radiation arteriopathy in the transgenic arteriovenous fistula model.

Aneurysm growth occurs at region of low wall shear stress: patient-specific correlation of hemodynamics and growth in a longitudinal study.

Contribution of bone marrow-derived cells associated with brain angiogenesis is primarily through leukocytes and macrophages.

Evidence of inflammatory cell involvement in brain arteriovenous malformations.

Increased tissue perfusion promotes capillary dysplasia in the ALK1-deficient mouse brain following VEGF stimulation.

Population stratification in a case-control study of brain arteriovenous malformation in Latinos.

Roles of macrophages in flow-induced outward vascular remodeling.

Numerical simulations of flow in cerebral aneurysms: comparison of CFD results and in vivo MRI measurements.

Radiosurgery facilitates resection of brain arteriovenous malformations and reduces surgical morbidity.

Brain arteriovenous malformation biology relevant to hemorrhage and implication for therapeutic development.

Common variants in interleukin-1-Beta gene are associated with intracranial hemorrhage and susceptibility to brain arteriovenous malformation.

Phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging measurements in intracranial aneurysms in vivo of flow patterns, velocity fields, and wall shear stress: comparison with computational fluid dynamics.

Establishing a novel single-copy primer-internal intron-spanning PCR (spiPCR) procedure for the direct detection of gene doping.

Restoring transcription factor HoxA5 expression inhibits the growth of experimental hemangiomas in the brain.

Nonischemic cerebral venous hypertension promotes a pro-angiogenic stage through HIF-1 downstream genes and leukocyte-derived MMP-9.

Nitric oxide in vascular endothelial growth factor-induced focal angiogenesis and matrix metalloproteinase-9 activity in the mouse brain.

Roles of matrix metalloproteinases in flow-induced outward vascular remodeling.

Postischemic IGF-1 gene transfer promotes neurovascular regeneration after experimental stroke.

Soluble endoglin modulates aberrant cerebral vascular remodeling.

Electrocautery interference with intraoperative electrocardiogram mimicking ST-segment depression.

Attenuation of brain response to vascular endothelial growth factor-mediated angiogenesis and neurogenesis in aged mice.

Notch-1 signalling is activated in brain arteriovenous malformations in humans.

Biology of vascular malformations of the brain.

Ten-year detection rate of brain arteriovenous malformations in a large, multiethnic, defined population.

Reduced expression of integrin alphavbeta8 is associated with brain arteriovenous malformation pathogenesis.

EPHB4 gene polymorphisms and risk of intracranial hemorrhage in patients with brain arteriovenous malformations.

A supplementary grading scale for selecting patients with brain arteriovenous malformations for surgery.

Sapere Aude!: the 2009 Excellence in Research Lecture.

MicroRNA-9 coordinates proliferation and migration of human embryonic stem cell-derived neural progenitors.

Anesthetic concerns in patients with known cerebrovascular insufficiency.

Endothelial progenitor cell transplantation improves long-term stroke outcome in mice.

Comparison of 2 approaches for determining the natural history risk of brain arteriovenous malformation rupture.

The ARUBA trial: current status, future hopes.

VEGF Induces More Severe Cerebrovascular Dysplasia in Endoglin than in Alk1 Mice.

Evidence of endothelial progenitor cells in the human brain and spinal cord arteriovenous malformations.

Essential regulation of CNS angiogenesis by the orphan G protein-coupled receptor GPR124.

Abrupt increase in rat carotid blood flow induces rapid alteration of artery mechanical properties.

Critical roles of macrophages in the formation of intracranial aneurysm.

Bone marrow-derived cells contribute to vascular endothelial growth factor-induced angiogenesis in the adult mouse brain by supplying matrix metalloproteinase-9.

Angiopoietin-like 4 (ANGPTL4) gene polymorphisms and risk of brain arteriovenous malformations.

Parafalcine and midline arteriovenous malformations: surgical strategy, techniques, and outcomes.

Language and motor mapping during resection of brain arteriovenous malformations: indications, feasibility, and utility.

Temporal stability of dysmorphic fusiform aneurysms of the intracranial internal carotid artery.

Arteriovenous malformation in the adult mouse brain resembling the human disease.

Elevated BNP is associated with vasospasm-independent cerebral infarction following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Engineering bi-layer nanofibrous conduits for peripheral nerve regeneration.

Validation of in vivo magnetic resonance imaging blood-brain barrier permeability measurements by comparison with gold standard histology.

Brain arteriovenous malformation pathogenesis: a response-to-injury paradigm.

AAV-mediated netrin-1 overexpression increases peri-infarct blood vessel density and improves motor function recovery after experimental stroke.

Cardiovascular Predictors of Long-Term Outcomes After Non-Traumatic Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.

Coexpression of angiopoietin-1 with VEGF increases the structural integrity of the blood-brain barrier and reduces atrophy volume.

Perioperative cognitive decline in the aging population.

Transsylvian-Transinsular Approaches to the Insula and Basal Ganglia: Operative Techniques and Results with Vascular Lesions.

Supernova hemorrhage: obliterative hemorrhage of brain arteriovenous malformations following gamma knife radiosurgery.

Oligogenesis and Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Maturation Vary in Different Brain Regions and Partially Correlate with Local Angiogenesis after Ischemic Stroke.

Brain arteriovenous malformation multiplicity predicts the diagnosis of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia: quantitative assessment.

Classification schemes for arteriovenous malformations.

Gene expression profiling of blood in brain arteriovenous malformation patients.

Silent Intralesional Microhemorrhage as a Risk Factor for Brain Arteriovenous Malformation Rupture.

Macrophage Imaging Within Human Cerebral Aneurysms Wall Using Ferumoxytol-Enhanced MRI: A Pilot Study.