Name: handheld metal detector screening for metallic foreign body ingestion in children
Uploaded: 2018-09-11T15:00:00.000+00:00
Duration: 4 min 55 s
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Handheld Metal Detector Screening for Metallic Foreign Body Ingestion in Children at JoVE.com

Gli autori ringraziano il Dr. Lee Khai Pin, testa & ospedale Senior Consultant, emergenza bambini, KK donne e bambini, 100 Bukit Timah Road, Singapore per il supporto amministrativo con la produzione di video articolo. Articolo riprodotto con il permesso di "Palmare Metal Detector per metallico stranieri corpo ingestione in emergenza pediatrica"; Agosto 2018:85 (8): 618-624; Augusto Binte Hamzah, Giacomo di Veglia, Suraj Manickam, Sashikumar Ganapathy: copyright The Indian Journal of Pediatrics.

Il protocollo segue le linee guida del Comitato di etica della ricerca umana istituzionale. Il Comitato di revisione istituzionale centrale fornito l'approvazione etica per lo studio.
1. il partecipante di Screening
<ol><li>Reclutare pazienti che presentano al reparto pediatrico di emergenza con storia di ingestione dell'ente straniero.</li>
	<li>Escludere i pazienti che sono nell'afflizione respiratoria e ha impiantato dispositivi come pace-maker.</li>
</ol>2. preparare il paziente
<ol><li>Vestire il paziente in un abito dell'ospedale.</li>
	<li>Rimuovere tutti gli elementi che possono contenere oggetti metallici quali vestiti, occhiali, orecchini, ciondoli e ornamenti prima dell'esame per evitare interferenze con la proiezione di HHMD.</li>
	<li>Posizionare il paziente al centro della stanza lontano da altri potenziali interferenze metallici.</li>
</ol>3. preparare l'esaminatore e Caregivers
<ol><li>Rimuovere tutti gli accessori metallici come gioielli e orologi.</li>
	<li>Richiedere il caregiver per rimuovere tutti gli accessori metallici come gioielli e orologi.</li>
</ol>4. il metal Detector Screening
<ol><li>Utilizzare il HHMD (Figura 1) per condurre lo screening.</li>
	<li>Confermare la condizione di funzionamento dell'HHMD suscitando un positivo segnale audiovisivo fluttuando sopra un pezzo di metallo.</li>
	<li>Eseguire il HHMD scansione in posizione eretta per i bambini più grandi.</li>
	<li>Eseguire il HHMD scansione in posizione eretta per neonati avendo la stiva di caregiver del paziente in modo appropriato.</li>
	<li>Tenere le mani del paziente su e lontano dal corpo.</li>
	<li>Posizionare la testa del paziente in estensione per esporre il collo.</li>
	<li>Scansione dal livello del mento al livello dell'articolazione dell'anca per coprire le zone anatomiche dal collo al bacino.</li>
	<li>Eseguire la scansione in modo a zig-zag attraverso il corpo per garantire che ogni area è stato scansionato.</li>
	<li>Scansione sia anteriormente e posteriormente, come lo spessore del paziente dovrà essere presi in considerazione.</li>
	<li>Osservare attentamente il segnale audio-video positivo durante la scansione per la presenza di MFBs.</li>
</ol>5. eseguire la radiografia pertinente
<ol><li>Ordinare la radiografia pertinente del collo, petto, addome o secondo l'area rilevata dallo screening HHMD per il MFBs.</li>
	<li>Procedere con tutte le viste di raggi x (collo, torace e addome) se il MFB non venne rilevato durante lo screening HHMD e l'indice clinico di sospetto per ingestione dell'ente straniero è alta.</li>
</ol>6. registrare i risultati dei Test
<ol><li>Registrare i risultati del test nel giornale di bordo (Figura 2) creato appositamente sulla basano del flusso di lavoro (Figura 1).</li>
	<li>Correlare il segnale positivo di HHMD audiovisivo con il punto di riferimento ossea sottostante sul corpo, di palpare i seguenti monumenti ossuti prominenti - incavo sternale, xiphisternum, sinfisi pubica e la cresta iliaca bilaterale.</li>
	<li>Registrare il punto di riferimento sul contorno di riferimento anatomico di giornale di bordo prima di procedere con l'esame di raggi x.</li>
</ol>

<ol>
	<li>Lee, J., Ahmad, S., Gale, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Detection+of+coins+ingested+by+children+using+a+handheld+metal+detector:+a+systematic+review.">Detection of coins ingested by children using a handheld metal detector: a systematic review.</a> Emergency Medicine Journal. 22 (12), 839-844 (2005).</li><li>Hesham A-Kader, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Foreign+body+ingestion:+children+like+to+put+objects+in+their+mouth.">Foreign body ingestion: children like to put objects in their mouth.</a> World Journal of Pediatrics. 6 (4), 301-310 (2010).</li><li>Muensterer, O. 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Q., Ainoedhofer, H., G&#246;ssler, A., Schleef, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+use+of+a+hand-held+metal+detector+for+localisation+of+ingested+metallic+foreign+bodies+-+a+critical+investigation.">The use of a hand-held metal detector for localisation of ingested metallic foreign bodies - a critical investigation.</a> European Journal of Pediatrics. 163 (4-5), 257-259 (2004).</li><li>Kay, M., Wyllie, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Pediatric+foreign+bodies+and+their+management.">Pediatric foreign bodies and their management.</a> Current Gastroenterology Reports. 7 (3), 212-218 (2005).</li><li>Rothmann, B. F., Boeckman, C. 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W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Fluoroscopic+foley+catheter+removal+of+esophageal+foreign+bodies+in+children:+experience+with+415+episodes.">Fluoroscopic foley catheter removal of esophageal foreign bodies in children: experience with 415 episodes.</a> Pediatrics. 94 (5), 709-714 (1994).</li><li>Kerschner, J. E., Beste, D. J., Conley, S. F., Kenna, M. A., Lee, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mediastinitis+associated+with+foreign+body+erosion+of+the+esophagus+in+children.">Mediastinitis associated with foreign body erosion of the esophagus in children.</a> International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology. 59 (2), 89-97 (2001).</li><li>Ahn, D., Heo, S. J., Park, J. H., Sohn, J. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Tracheoesophageal+fistula+with+tracheal+stenosis+resulting+from+retained+esophageal+foreign+body.">Tracheoesophageal fistula with tracheal stenosis resulting from retained esophageal foreign body.</a> Auris Nasus Larynx. 38 (6), 753-756 (2011).</li><li>Dahiya, M., Denton, J. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Esophagoaortic+perforation+by+foreign+body+(coin)+causing+sudden+death+in+a+3-year-old+child.">Esophagoaortic perforation by foreign body (coin) causing sudden death in a 3-year-old child.</a> The American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology. 20 (2), 184-188 (1999).</li><li>O'Brien, G. C., Winter, D. C., Kirwan, W. O., Redmond, H. P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ingested+foreign+bodies+in+the+paediatric+patient.">Ingested foreign bodies in the paediatric patient.</a> Irish Journal of Medical Science. 170 (2), 100-102 (2001).</li><li>Bassett, K. E., Schunk, J. E., Logan, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Localizing+ingested+coins+with+a+metal+detector.">Localizing ingested coins with a metal detector.</a> The American Journal of Emergency Medicine. 17 (4), 338-341 (1999).</li><li>Gooden, E. A., Forte, V., Papsin, B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Use+of+a+commercially+available+metal+detector+for+the+localization+of+metallic+foreign+body+ingestion+in+children.">Use of a commercially available metal detector for the localization of metallic foreign body ingestion in children.</a> The Journal of Otolaryngology. 29 (4), 218-220 (2000).</li><li>Sacchetti, A., Carraccio, C., Lichenstein, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Hand-held+metal+detector+identification+of+ingested+foreign+bodies.">Hand-held metal detector identification of ingested foreign bodies.</a> Pediatric Emergency Care. 10 (4), 204-207 (1994).</li><li>Hamzah, H. B., James, V., Manickam, S., Ganapathy, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Handheld+Metal+Detector+for+Metallic+Foreign+Body+Ingestion+in+Pediatric+Emergency.">Handheld Metal Detector for Metallic Foreign Body Ingestion in Pediatric Emergency.</a> Indian Journal of Pediatrics. 85 (8), 618-624 (2018).</li><li>Doraiswamy, N. V., Baig, H., Hallam, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Metal+detector+and+swallowed+metal+foreign+bodies+in+children.">Metal detector and swallowed metal foreign bodies in children.</a> Journal of Accident &amp; Emergency Medicine. 16 (2), 123-125 (1999).</li><li>Seikel, K., Primm, P. A., Elizondo, B. J., Remley, K. 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Gli autori non hanno nulla a rivelare.

Metallico stranieri ingestione del corpo nei bambini è un problema comune e nella maggior parte dei pazienti, questo è diretto conservativamente7,16. Singole o ripetute le radiografie possono esporre la popolazione pediatrica di radio-sensibili al rischio di radiazioni indesiderate durante il tentativo di localizzare il corpo estraneo metallico ingerito. Diversi studi hanno descritto l'uso di rivelatori di metalli a ingestione di MFB nei bambini, con sensibilit...

Ingestione dell'ente straniero è un problema diffuso tra i bambini che presentano al reparto pediatrico di emergenza a causa della natura inquisitive naturale dei lattanti e dei bambini di esplorare gli oggetti da degustazione e inghiottirle1,2. Gli studi precedenti hanno segnalato che oggetti metallici costituivano l'85% di tutte le ingestioni di corpo estraneo in loro coorte di pazienti3,4. L'obiettivo del presente protocollo è quello di valutare l'accuratezza e la possibilità di utilizzare un palmare metal detector per rilevare corpi estranei metallici ingeriti in bambini. Proponiamo che introducendo il metal detector palmare protocollo presto nel processo di valutazione dei bambini con alto sospetto di ingestione di corpo estraneo metallico di screening, il numero delle radiografie essendo ordinato per localizzare il corpo estraneo metallico può essere ridotto in questa popolazione di radio-sensibile.
Metal detector palmare (HHMD) è un'aggiunta di poco costoso, facilmente accessibile che possa aiutare ad accelerare la gestione dei corpi estranei metallici ingeriti. Metal detector è un dispositivo molto a bassa frequenza, che ha un ricevitore e un trasmettitore che rileva il cambiamento nel suo campo elettromagnetico causato dalla presenza di un oggetto metallico nelle sue vicinanze3. Se un oggetto metallico è all'interno del campo, il campo elettromagnetico è interrotta e il sensore farà scattare un allarme audiovisivo sul dispositivo4. L'esame rivelatore di metallo può essere accuratamente eseguita in meno di 2 minuti5. Quindi, lo screening HHMD può essere introdotto all'inizio del processo di valutazione dei bambini con alto sospetto di ingestione di corpo estraneo metallico per la localizzazione topografica.
Le monete sono il più comune ingestione di corpi estranei metallici1,4,6,7. A causa della mancanza di spigoli vivi e natura non tossico generale, la maggior parte delle ingestioni di moneta è conservativamente. Altri tipi di materiali comunemente ingeriti includono magneti, batterie a bottone, piccoli giocattoli, arachidi, gioielli, bottoni, ossa, semi e popcorn8,9. Compressione di corpi estranei si verifica più comunemente nell'esofago in tre siti, cioè sfintere esofageo superiore, metà di-esofago a livello dell'arco aortico e di sfintere esofageo inferiore10. Corpi estranei metallici (MFBs) situati nell'esofago possono essere asintomatici nel 40% dei pazienti11,12 e sua compressione prolungata può condurre alle varie complicazioni come perforazione esofagea, Mediastinite, fistola esofago-tracheale, stenosi tracheale e fistole aorto-esofageo1,13,14,15. Piloro, duodeno e giunzione ileo-caecal10includono altre posizioni di compressione del corpo estraneo.
Esecuzione di radiografie del collo, torace e addome per diagnosticare sospetta ingestione dell'ente straniero è una pratica molto diffusa nei reparti di emergenza5. Tra tutti i tipi di corpi stranieri ingeriti, solo il 10% sono radio-opaco10. I test radiologici sono che richiede tempo e hanno un rischio di esposizione a radiazioni nei bambini. Precisa localizzazione topografica degli oggetti metallici ingeriti è molto fondamentale per guidare la terapia. L'introduzione di screening nelle prime fasi del processo di triage HHMD può contribuire a mitigare estranei l'ordinazione delle radiografie localizzando topograficamente il corpo estraneo metallico ingerito.
Questo studio ha valutato l'accuratezza del HHMD per localizzare MFBs in modo sistematico e topografico e determinato l'efficacia e la fattibilità del HHMD nella popolazione pediatrica locale. Inoltre abbiamo esaminato quanto bene questa radiazione libera strumento di screening è stata accettata dai pazienti e genitori. Tra maggio e luglio 2016, tutti i pazienti consecutivi che hanno presentato al reparto pediatrico di emergenza con una storia di ingestione dell'ente straniero sono stati inclusi nello studio. Consenso informato è stato ottenuto dal genitore o tutore legale. Pazienti con ingestione dell'ente straniero presunta sistematicamente analizzati utilizzando HHMD. Il gold standard di cura per l'identificazione e la localizzazione di corpi estranei metallici ingeriti sta eseguendo le radiografie normali della zona cervicale, torace e addome. Per facilitare lo svolgimento dello studio, un flusso di lavoro standardizzato è stato creato (Figura 1). Un libro di registro appositamente creato in base al flusso di lavoro utilizzato per raccogliere i dati iniziali, che successivamente sono state trascritte in un foglio di calcolo (Figura 2). I dati nella sezione risultato sono raffigurati come il numero di casi seguiti da percentuali.

<table><tbody><tr><td>Hand held metal detector</td><td>Garrett Super Scanner V</td><td>NA</td><td>NA</td></tr></tbody></table>

handheld metal detector screening for metallic foreign body ingestion in children

Le monete sono i corpi estranei metallici ingeriti più comuni tra i bambini. L'obiettivo del presente protocollo è quello di valutare l'accuratezza e la possibilità di utilizzare un palmare metal detector per rilevare corpi estranei metallici ingeriti in bambini. Proponiamo che introducendo lo screening di metal detector palmare presto nel processo di valutazione dei bambini con alto sospetto di ingestione di corpo estraneo metallico, il numero delle radiografie essendo ordinato per localizzare il corpo estraneo metallico può essere ridotto in questo Radio-sensibili popolazione. Il protocollo di studio richiede la selezione dei partecipanti per la storia di ingestione dell'ente straniero e l'esclusione dei pazienti con afflizione respiratoria o gli impianti metallici. Il paziente cambia in abito dell'ospedale e gli elementi che potrebbero contenere metallo come occhiali, orecchini, ciondoli e ornamenti vengono rimossi. Il paziente è posizionato al centro della stanza lontano da altre interferenze metallici. La condizione di funzionamento del palmare metal detector è in primo luogo confermata suscitando un positivo segnale audio-video. Quindi lo screening avviene in posizione eretta con la testa in estensione per esporre il collo, dal livello del mento al livello dell'articolazione dell'anca, per coprire le zone anatomiche dal collo al bacino in un modo a zig-zag sia anteriormente che posteriormente. Un segnale positivo audiovisivo è osservato attentamente durante la scansione per la presenza di corpo estraneo metallico. Le radiografie pertinenti sono ordinate secondo l'area rilevata sullo screening del metal detector. Il metal detector palmare è stato in grado di identificare con precisione tutte le monete tra i corpi estranei metallici ingeriti nel nostro studio. Il metal detector palmare non potrebbe rilevare costantemente non-moneta metallici corpi estranei. Questo protocollo dimostra l'accuratezza dei metal detector palmare nell'identificazione e localizzazione di monete e moneta come corpi estranei metallici.

I ricercatori hanno reclutato 36 pazienti per questo studio d'osservazione. Questi pazienti avévano presentato al reparto pediatrico di emergenza con una storia di ingestione dell'ente straniero. Fra questi, 28 pazienti hanno avuti ingestioni di corpo estraneo metallico (Figura 3). I restanti 8 pazienti avevano ingerito corpi estranei non metallici come lische di pesce, bastone di carne satay e bottone di plastica. Le monete erano il tipo più comune di corp...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Handheld Metal Detector Screening for Metallic Foreign Body Ingestion in Children at JoVE.com

Handheld Metal Detector Screening for Metallic Foreign Body Ingestion in Children

Qui, presentiamo un protocollo per utilizzare il palmare metal detector, alla schermata per la presenza di corpi estranei metallici ingeriti in bambini che presentano al reparto di medicina d'urgenza pediatrica con una storia di ingestione dell'ente straniero.

Metal Detector palmare Screening per ingestione di corpo estraneo metallico nei bambini

Coins are the most common ingested metallic foreign bodies among children. The goal of this protocol is to assess the accuracy and feasibility of using a ...

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10.6K Views.  KK women's and Children's Hospital. Qui, presentiamo un protocollo per utilizzare il palmare metal detector, alla schermata per la presenza di corpi estranei metallici ingeriti in bambini che presentano al reparto di medicina d'urgenza pediatrica con una storia di ingestione dell'ente straniero.

Video: Handheld Metal Detector Screening for Metallic Foreign Body Ingestion in Children

Bacterial Detection &amp; Identification Using Electrochemical Sensors

Electrochemical sensors are widely used for rapid and accurate measurement of blood glucose and can be adapted for detection of a wide variety of analytes. Electrochemical sensors operate by transducing a biological recognition event into a useful electrical signal. Signal transduction occurs by coupling the activity of a redox enzyme to an amperometric electrode. Sensor specificity is either an inherent characteristic of the enzyme, glucose oxidase in the case of a glucose sensor, or a product of linkage between the enzyme and an antibody or probe.
Here, we describe an electrochemical sensor assay method to directly detect and identify bacteria. In every case, the probes described here are DNA oligonucleotides. This method is based on sandwich hybridization of capture and detector probes with target ribosomal RNA (rRNA). The capture probe is anchored to the sensor surface, while the detector probe is linked to horseradish peroxidase (HRP). When a substrate such as 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) is added to an electrode with capture-target-detector complexes bound to its surface, the substrate is oxidized by HRP and reduced by the working electrode. This redox cycle results in shuttling of electrons by the substrate from the electrode to HRP, producing current flow in the electrode.

Bacterial Detection & Identification Using Electrochemical Sensors

We describe an electrochemical sensor assay method for rapid bacterial detection and identification. The assay involves a sensor array functionalized with DNA oligonucleotide capture probes for ribosomal RNA (rRNA) species-specific sequences. Sandwich hybridization of target rRNA with the capture probe and a horseradish peroxidase-linked DNA oligonucleotide detector probe produces a measurable amperometric current.

Rilevamento e identificazione batterica Utilizzando Sensori elettrochimici

Electrochemical  sensors are widely used for rapid and accurate measurement of blood glucose and  can be adapted for detection of a wide variety of ...

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Bioingegneria

Protocol for the Evaluation of MRI Artifacts Caused by Metal Implants to Assess the Suitability of Implants and the Vulnerability of Pulse Sequences

As the number of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanners and patients with medical implants is constantly growing, radiologists increasingly encounter metallic implant-related artifacts in MRI, resulting in reduced image quality. Therefore, the MRI suitability of implants in terms of artifact volume, as well as the development of pulse sequences to reduce image artifacts, are becoming more and more important. Here, we present a comprehensive protocol which allows for a standardized evaluation of the artifact volume of implants on MRI. Furthermore, this protocol can be used to analyze the vulnerability of different pulse sequences to artifacts. The proposed protocol can be applied to T1- and T2-weighted images with or without fat-suppression and all passive implants. Furthermore, the procedure enables the separate and three-dimensional identification of signal loss and pile-up artifacts. As previous investigations differed greatly in evaluation methods, the comparability of their results was limited. Thus, standardized measurements of MRI artifact volumes are necessary to provide better comparability. This may improve the development of the MRI suitability of implants and better pulse sequences to finally improve patient care.

We describe a standardized method to evaluate magnetic resonance imaging artifacts caused by implants to estimate the suitability of the implants for magnetic resonance imaging and/or the vulnerability of different pulse sequences to metallic artifacts simultaneously.

Protocollo per la valutazione di MRI artefatti causati da metallo impianti per valutare l'idoneità degli impianti e la vulnerabilità delle sequenze di impulsi

As the number of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanners and patients with medical implants is constantly growing, radiologists increasingly encounter ...

Ingegneria

Making MR Imaging Child's Play - Pediatric Neuroimaging Protocol, Guidelines and Procedure

Within the last decade there has been an increase in the use of structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate the neural basis of human perception, cognition and behavior 1, 2. Moreover, this non-invasive imaging method has grown into a tool for clinicians and researchers to explore typical and atypical brain development. Although advances in neuroimaging tools and techniques are apparent, (f)MRI in young pediatric populations remains relatively infrequent 2. Practical as well as technical challenges when imaging children present clinicians and research teams with a unique set of problems 3, 2. To name just a few, the child participants are challenged by a need for motivation, alertness and cooperation. Anxiety may be an additional factor to be addressed. Researchers or clinicians need to consider time constraints, movement restriction, scanner background noise and unfamiliarity with the MR scanner environment2,4-10. A progressive use of functional and structural neuroimaging in younger age groups, however, could further add to our understanding of brain development. As an example, several research groups are currently working towards early detection of developmental disorders, potentially even before children present associated behavioral characteristics e.g.11. Various strategies and techniques have been reported as a means to ensure comfort and cooperation of young children during neuroimaging sessions. Play therapy 12, behavioral approaches 13, 14,15, 16-18 and simulation 19, the use of mock scanner areas 20,21, basic relaxation 22 and a combination of these techniques 23 have all been shown to improve the participant's compliance and thus MRI data quality. Even more importantly, these strategies have proven to increase the comfort of families and children involved 12. One of the main advances of such techniques for the clinical practice is the possibility of avoiding sedation or general anesthesia (GA) as a way to manage children's compliance during MR imaging sessions 19,20. In the current video report, we present a pediatric neuroimaging protocol with guidelines and procedures that have proven to be successful to date in young children.

Despite an increase in the use of structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in humans, the study of young pediatric populations remains a challenge. We present a hands-on, step-by-step video protocol including guidelines for clinicians and researchers intending to perform (f)MRI in young children.

Fare Giocare MR Child Imaging - Protocollo Neuroimaging Pediatrica, linee guida e procedure

Within the last decade there has been an increase in the use of structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate the neural ...

Biologia

Ferromagnetic Bare Metal Stent for Endothelial Cell Capture and Retention

Rapid endothelialization of cardiovascular stents is needed to reduce stent thrombosis and to avoid anti-platelet therapy which can reduce bleeding risk. The feasibility of using magnetic forces to capture and retain endothelial outgrowth cells (EOC) labeled with super paramagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION) has been shown previously. But this technique requires the development of a mechanically functional stent from a magnetic and biocompatible material followed by in-vitro and in-vivo testing to prove rapid endothelialization. We developed a weakly ferromagnetic stent from 2205 duplex stainless steel using computer aided design (CAD) and its design was further refined using finite element analysis (FEA). The final design of the stent exhibited a principal strain below the fracture limit of the material during mechanical crimping and expansion. One hundred stents were manufactured and a subset of them was used for mechanical testing, retained magnetic field measurements, in-vitro cell capture studies, and in-vivo implantation studies. Ten stents were tested for deployment to verify if they sustained crimping and expansion cycle without failure. Another 10 stents were magnetized using a strong neodymium magnet and their retained magnetic field was measured. The stents showed that the retained magnetism was sufficient to capture SPION-labeled EOC in our in-vitro studies. SPION-labeled EOC capture and retention was verified in large animal models by implanting 1 magnetized stent and 1 non-magnetized control stent in each of 4 pigs. The stented arteries were explanted after 7 days and analyzed histologically. The weakly magnetic stents developed in this study were capable of attracting and retaining SPION-labeled endothelial cells which can promote rapid healing.

Our goals were to design, manufacture and test ferromagnetic stents for endothelial cell capture. Ten stents were tested for fracture and 10 more stents were tested for retained magnetism. Finally, 10 stents were tested in-vitro and 8 more stents were implanted in 4 pigs to show cell capture and retention.

Bare Metal Stent ferromagnetico per Capture cellule endoteliali e conservazione

Rapid endothelialization of cardiovascular stents is needed to reduce stent thrombosis and to avoid anti-platelet therapy which can reduce bleeding risk. ...

Preparation and Application of a New Bacterial Biosensor for the Presumptive Detection of Gunshot Residue

MicRoboCop is a biosensor that has been designed for a unique application in forensic chemistry. MicRoboCop is a system made up of three devices that, when used together, can indicate the presence of gunshot residue (GSR) by producing a fluorescence signal in the presence of three key analytes (antimony, lead, and organic components of GSR). The protocol describes the synthesis of the biosensors using Escherichia coli (E. coli), and the analytical chemistry methods used to evaluate the selectivity and sensitivity of the sensors. The functioning of the system is demonstrated by using GSR collected from the inside of a spent cartridge casing. Once prepared, the biosensors can be stored until needed and can be used as a test for these key analytes. A positive response from all three analytes provides a presumptive positive test for GSR, while each individual device has applications for detecting the analytes in other samples (e.g., a detector for lead contamination in drinking water). The main limitation of the system is the time required for a positive signal; future work may involve studying different organisms to optimize the response time.

A protocol is presented using synthetic biology techniques to synthesize a set of bacterial biosensors for the analysis of gunshot residue, and to test the functioning of the devices for their intended use using fluorescence spectroscopy.

Preparazione e applicazione di un nuovo biosensore batterico per il rilevamento presuntivo di residui di arma da fuoco

MicRoboCop is a biosensor that has been designed for a unique application in forensic chemistry. MicRoboCop is a system made up of three devices that, ...

Chimica

Hellgrammite as a Non-Conventional Biomonitor for Surface Water and Environmental Health Assessment

The larvae of dobsonflies from the genus Corydalus, commonly known as Hellgrammites, are characterized by their notable size, extensive range of occurrence, and extended period of immaturity, which can last up to one year. Hellgrammites are clearly known to exhibit sensitivity to pollution and habitat structure impacts. Given these unique features, using Corydalus texanus larvae is highly suitable as reliable biomonitoring agents to assess the ecological integrity of aquatic ecosystems. This protocol aims to provide the necessary tools for C. texanus assessment and demonstrate their efficacy through a case study. Research findings have practical implications, indicating that C. texanus larvae exhibit early-warning responses to mining pollution, bioaccumulating high amounts of heavy metals such as Zn, Fe, and Al. The presence or absence of C. texanus populations may serve as a helpful indicator for identifying potential issues related to ecosystem health. The unconventional approach has shown early warnings of pollution in mining-impacted sites, highlighting the need for timely action to protect the environment. Given their unique traits, the use of C. texanus larvae is highly suggested as a reliable non-conventional bioindicator.

This protocol describes the use of biomarkers for the early detection of deleterious impacts in aquatic ecosystems. The biomarkers are closely related to sentinel traits, and their changes aid in detecting early-warning damages.

Hellgrammite come biomonitor non convenzionale per la valutazione delle acque superficiali e della salute ambientale

The larvae of dobsonflies from the genus Corydalus, commonly known as Hellgrammites, are characterized by their notable size, extensive range of ...

Ambiente

Quantification of Metal Leaching in Immobilized Metal Affinity Chromatography

Contamination of enzymes with metals leached from immobilized metal affinity chromatography (IMAC) columns poses a major concern for enzymologists, as many of the common di-and trivalent cations used in IMAC resins have an inhibitory effect on enzymes. However, the extent of metal leaching and the impact of various eluting and reducing reagents are poorly understood in large part due to the absence of simple and practical transition metal quantification protocols that use equipment typically available in biochemistry labs. To address this problem, we have developed a protocol to quickly quantify the amount of metal contamination in samples prepared using IMAC as a purification step. The method uses hydroxynaphthol blue (HNB) as a colorimetric indicator for metal cation content in a sample solution and UV-Vis spectroscopy as a means to quantify the amount of metal present, into the nanomolar range, based on the change in the HNB spectrum at 647 nm. While metal content in a solution has historically been determined using atomic absorption spectroscopy or inductively coupled plasma techniques, these methods require specialized equipment and training outside the scope of a typical biochemistry laboratory. The method proposed here provides a simple and fast way for biochemists to determine the metal content of samples using existing equipment and knowledge without sacrificing accuracy.

We present an assay for easy quantification of metals introduced to samples prepared using immobilized metal affinity chromatography. The method uses hydroxynaphthol blue as the colorimetric metal indicator and a UV-Vis spectrophotometer as the detector.

Quantificazione della lisciviazione dei metalli nella cromatografia di affinità metallica immobilizzata

Contamination of enzymes with metals leached from immobilized metal affinity chromatography (IMAC) columns poses a major concern for enzymologists, as ...

Magnetic Levitation Coupled with Portable Imaging and Analysis for Disease Diagnostics

Currently, many clinical diagnostic procedures are complex, costly, inefficient, and inaccessible to a large population in the world. The requirements for specialized equipment and trained personnel require that many diagnostic tests be performed at remote, centralized clinical laboratories. Magnetic levitation is a simple yet powerful technique and can be applied to levitate cells, which are suspended in a paramagnetic solution and placed in a magnetic field, at a position determined by equilibrium between a magnetic force and a buoyancy force. Here, we present a versatile platform technology designed for point-of-care diagnostics which uses magnetic levitation coupled to microscopic imaging and automated analysis to determine the density distribution of a patient's cells as a useful diagnostic indicator. We present two platforms operating on this principle: (i) a smartphone-compatible version of the technology, where the built-in smartphone camera is used to image cells in the magnetic field and a smartphone application processes the images and to measures the density distribution of the cells and (ii) a self-contained version where a camera board is used to capture images and an embedded processing unit with attached thin-film-transistor (TFT) screen measures and displays the results. Demonstrated applications include: (i) measuring the altered distribution of a cell population with a disease phenotype compared to a healthy phenotype, which is applied to sickle cell disease diagnosis, and (ii) separation of different cell types based on their characteristic densities, which is applied to separate white blood cells from red blood cells for white blood cell cytometry. These applications, as well as future extensions of the essential density-based measurements enabled by this portable, user-friendly platform technology, will significantly enhance disease diagnostic capabilities at the point of care.

We present a magnetic levitation technique coupled with automated imaging and analysis in both a smartphone-compatible device and a device with embedded imaging and processing. This is applied to measure the density distribution of cells with two demonstrated biomedical applications: sickle cell disease diagnosis and separating white and red blood cells.

Levitazione magnetica Accoppiato con Imaging portatile e analisi per la malattia di diagnostica

Currently, many clinical diagnostic procedures are complex, costly, inefficient, and inaccessible to a large population in the world. The requirements for ...

Magnetic Stirrer Method for the Detection of Trichinella Larvae in Muscle Samples

Trichinellosis is a debilitating disease in humans and is caused by the consumption of raw or undercooked meat of animals infected with the nematode larvae of the genus Trichinella. The most important sources of human infections worldwide are game meat and pork or pork products. In many countries, the prevention of human trichinellosis is based on the identification of infected animals by means of the artificial digestion of muscle samples from susceptible animal carcasses.
There are several methods based on the digestion of meat but the magnetic stirrer method is considered the gold standard. This method allows the detection of Trichinella larvae by microscopy after the enzymatic digestion of muscle samples and subsequent filtration and sedimentation steps. Although this method does not require special and expensive equipment, internal controls cannot be used. Therefore, stringent quality management should be applied throughout the test. The aim of the present work is to provide detailed handling instructions and critical control points of the method to analysts, based on the experience of the European Union Reference Laboratory for Parasites and the National Reference Laboratory of Germany for Trichinella.

Magnetic Stirrer Method for the Detection of Trichinella Larvae in Muscle Samples

The prevention of human trichinellosis in many countries worldwide is based on the laboratory examination of muscle samples from susceptible animals by methods of digestion, of which the magnetic stirrer method is considered the gold standard.

Metodo dell&#39;agitatore magnetico per la rilevazione di<em&gt; Trichinella</em&gt; Le larve in campioni di muscolo

Trichinellosis is a debilitating disease in humans and is caused by the consumption of raw or undercooked meat of animals infected with the nematode ...

Immunologia e infezioni

Foodborne Pathogen Screening Using Magneto-fluorescent Nanosensor: Rapid Detection of E. Coli O157:H7

Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 has been linked to both waterborne and foodborne illnesses, and remains a threat despite the food- and water-screening methods used currently. While conventional bacterial detection methods, such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) can specifically detect pathogenic contaminants, they require extensive sample preparation and lengthy waiting periods. In addition, these practices demand sophisticated laboratory instruments and settings, and must be executed by trained professionals. Herein, a protocol is proposed for a simpler diagnostic technique that features the unique combination of magnetic and fluorescent parameters in a nanoparticle-based platform. The proposed multiparametric magneto-fluorescent nanosensors (MFnS) can detect E. coli O157:H7 contamination with as little as 1 colony-forming unit present in solution within less than 1 h. Furthermore, the ability of MFnS to remain highly functional in complex media such as milk and lake water has been verified. Additional specificity assays were also used to demonstrate the ability of MFnS to only detect the specific target bacteria, even in the presence of similar bacterial species. The pairing of magnetic and fluorescent modalities allows for the detection and quantification of pathogen contamination in a wide range of concentrations, exhibiting its high performance in both early- and late-stage contamination detection. The effectiveness, affordability, and portability of the MFnS make them an ideal candidate for point-of-care screening for bacterial contaminants in a wide range of settings, from aquatic reservoirs to commercially packaged foods.

Foodborne Pathogen Screening Using Magneto-fluorescent Nanosensor: Rapid Detection of E. Coli O157:H7

The overall goal of this protocol is to synthesize functional nanosensors for the portable, cost-effective, and rapid detection of specifically targeted pathogenic bacteria through a combination of magnetic relaxation and fluorescence emission modalities.

Metal Detector palmare Screening per ingestione di corpo estraneo metallico nei bambini

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