Siamo stati supportati con l'assistenza tecnica di esperti dalla struttura di citometria a flusso HSCI-CRM del Massachusetts General Hospital e dalla struttura Bauer Core dell'Università di Harvard. T.K e K.G sono stati sostenuti dal Consiglio svedese per la ricerca e C.M. dalla Fondazione tedesca per la ricerca. Ringraziamo Sergey Isaev e I-Hsiu Lee per l'assistenza nell'analisi dei dati di sequenziamento dell'RNA a singola cellula.

Ottimizzazione dell'isolamento delle cellule stromali dal timo e dal midollo osseo

<ol>
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E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+cell+atlas+of+human+thymic+development+defines+t+cell+repertoire+formation.">A cell atlas of human thymic development defines t cell repertoire formation.</a> Science. 367 (6480), (2020).</li><li>Denisenko, E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Systematic+assessment+of+tissue+dissociation+and+storage+biases+in+single-cell+and+single-nucleus+rna-seq+workflows.">Systematic assessment of tissue dissociation and storage biases in single-cell and single-nucleus rna-seq workflows.</a> Genome Biol. 21 (1), 130 (2020).</li><li>Lischetti, U., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Dynamic+thresholding+and+tissue+dissociation+optimization+for+cite-seq+identifies+differential+surface+protein+abundance+in+metastatic+melanoma.">Dynamic thresholding and tissue dissociation optimization for cite-seq identifies differential surface protein abundance in metastatic melanoma.</a> Commun Biol. 6 (1), 830 (2023).</li><li>Ding, L., Saunders, T. 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D.T.S. è direttore e azionista di Agios Therapeutics e Editas Medicines; fondatore, direttore, azionista e membro del comitato consultivo scientifico di Magenta Therapeutics e LifeVault Bio, azionista e fondatore di Fate Therapeutics e Garuda Therapeutics e direttore, fondatore e azionista di Clear Creek Bio, consulente di FOG Pharma, Inzen Therapeutics e VCanBio e destinatario di finanziamenti per la ricerca sponsorizzati da Sumitomo Dianippon. D.T.S e K.G sono inventori di US20220143099A1 brevettuali.

Le cellule stromali negli organi ematopoietici sono fondamentali per la normale produzione di sangue e le perturbazioni dello stroma ematopoietico possono causare gravi compromissioni nel mantenimento ematopoietico e nella risposta allo stress 9,23,24. La comprensione delle cellule stromali ematopoietiche è essenziale per comprendere le malattie ematologiche 7,9,10,24 e per la capacità di svi...

Nell'adulto sano, la produzione de novo di cellule del sangue avviene nel midollo osseo e nel timo. Le cellule stromali in questi siti sono essenziali per il mantenimento dell'emopoiesi, ma lo stroma costituisce meno dell'1% del tessuto 1,2,3,4. Ottenere isolati puri di emopoiesi che supportano lo stroma costituisce quindi una sfida significativa, in particolare per la multiomica a singola cellula che richiede un'elaborazione rapida per ottenere campioni di alta qualità. I componenti di diversi cocktail di digestione possono interferire con alcune fasi dell'analisi multiomica 5,6. I protocolli qui presentati descrivono in dettaglio l'isolamento di un'ampia varietà di cellule stromali dal midollo osseo e dai tessuti timici.
Le perturbazioni dei costituenti stromali sia nel midollo osseo che nel timo provocano una profonda interruzione dello sviluppo delle cellule del sangue e possono provocare tumori maligni 7,8,9. L'emopoiesi che supporta lo stroma viene danneggiata in seguito al condizionamento citotossico e al trapianto di midollo osseo, con conseguente riduzione della secrezione di citochine e fattori di crescita che sostengono le cellule staminali ematopoietiche e progenitrici (HSPC)2,10,11. Inoltre, l'invecchiamento colpisce le cellule stromali del midollo osseo e del timo, contribuendo probabilmente ai fenotipi ematopoietici invecchiati. Il timo è il primo organo a subire un'estesa involuzione associata all'età. Il grasso e il tessuto fibrotico iniziano a sostituire lo stroma di supporto delle cellule T già all'inizio della pubertà12,13. Nel midollo osseo, il contenuto di adipociti aumenta con l'età e le nicchie vascolari ed endostali sono significativamente rimodellate 14,15,16.
Per consentire lo studio dello stroma di supporto all'emopoiesi in più stati di stress e nel caso del timo sia del tessuto umano che di quello murino, abbiamo ottimizzato i protocolli di digestione precedentemente pubblicati 1,2,8,17,18. Questi protocolli garantiscono un isolamento efficiente e riproducibile delle cellule e sono compatibili con il sequenziamento dell'RNA a singola cellula (scRNAseq) e altri tipi di multiomica.

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>0.25% Trypsin-EDTA</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>25200-072</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>7AAD (7-aminoactinomycin D)</td>
			<td>BD Biosciences</td>
			<td>559925</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti-Human Lineage Cocktail 3-FITC</td>
			<td>BD Biosciences</td>
			<td>643510</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Bovine Serum Albumin</td>
			<td>Millipore Sigma</td>
			<td>A9647</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>C57Bl/6 mice</td>
			<td>Jackson</td>
			<td>664</td>
			<td>Males or females, 8-12 weeks old</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Calcein&#160;</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>65-0853-78</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Collagenase IV</td>
			<td>Millipore Sigma</td>
			<td>C5138</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Corning Sterile Cell Strainers, White, Mesh Size: 70 &#181;m</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>08-771-2</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DAPI (4&#39;,6-Diamidino-2-Phenylindole, Dilactate)</td>
			<td>Biolegend</td>
			<td>422801</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dispase II</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>17105041</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dnase I Solution</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>90083</td>
			<td>&#160;2500 U/mL</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Easysep mouse streptavidin RapidSpheres Isolation kit</td>
			<td>StemCell Technologies</td>
			<td>19860</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fetal Bovine Serum</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>A31605-01</td>
			<td>Qualified One Shot</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Human Fc Block</td>
			<td>BD Biosciences</td>
			<td>564220</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Liberase TM&#160;</td>
			<td>Millipore Sigma</td>
			<td>5401127001</td>
			<td>Research Grade</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Medium 199</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>12350</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Mouse anti-human CD235a-BV77</td>
			<td>BD Biosciences</td>
			<td>740785</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Mouse anti-human CD31-PE/Dazzle594</td>
			<td>Biolegend</td>
			<td>303130</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Mouse anti-human CD45-BV77</td>
			<td>Biolegend</td>
			<td>304050</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Mouse anti-human CD4-BV605</td>
			<td>BD Biosciences</td>
			<td>562658</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Mouse anti-human CD66b-FITC</td>
			<td>BD Biosciences</td>
			<td>555724</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Mouse anti-human CD8-APC/Cy7</td>
			<td>BD Biosciences</td>
			<td>557760</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Mouse anti-human EpCam-BV421</td>
			<td>Biolegend</td>
			<td>324220</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Protector RNase Inhibitor</td>
			<td>Millipore Sigma</td>
			<td>3335402001</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Rat anti-mouse CD105-PE /dazzle594</td>
			<td>Biolegend</td>
			<td>120424</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Rat anti-mouse CD11b-Biotin</td>
			<td>Biolegend</td>
			<td>101204</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Rat anti-mouse CD140a-APC</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>17-1401-81</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Rat Anti-Mouse CD16/CD32 (Mouse BD Fc Block)</td>
			<td>BD Biosciences</td>
			<td>553142</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Rat anti-mouse CD31-BUV737</td>
			<td>BD Biosciences</td>
			<td>612802</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Rat anti-mouse CD31-BV421</td>
			<td>Biolegend</td>
			<td>102424</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Rat anti-mouse CD3-Biotin</td>
			<td>Biolegend</td>
			<td>100244</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Rat anti-mouse CD45.2-Biotin</td>
			<td>Biolegend</td>
			<td>109804</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Rat anti-mouse CD45-PE/Cy7</td>
			<td>Biolegend</td>
			<td>103114</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Rat anti-mouse CD45-PE/Cy7</td>
			<td>Biolegend</td>
			<td>103114</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Rat anti-mouse CD45R/B220-Biotin</td>
			<td>Biolegend</td>
			<td>103204</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Rat anti-mouse CD51-PE</td>
			<td>Biolegend</td>
			<td>104106</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Rat anti-mouse EpCam-BV711</td>
			<td>BD Biosciences</td>
			<td>563134</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Rat anti-mouse Ly-6A/E(Sca-1)-AF700</td>
			<td>Biolegend</td>
			<td>108142</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Rat anti-mouse Ly-6G/Ly-6C(Gr1)-Biotin</td>
			<td>Biolegend</td>
			<td>108404</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Rat anti-mouse Ter119-Biotin</td>
			<td>Biolegend</td>
			<td>116204</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Rat anti-mouse Ter119-PE</td>
			<td>Biolegend</td>
			<td>116208</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Rat anti-mouse Ter119-PE/Cy7</td>
			<td>Biolegend</td>
			<td>116222</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Stemxyme&#160;</td>
			<td>Worthington Biochemical</td>
			<td>LS004107</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

stromal cell isolation from hematopoietic organs

Il sequenziamento di singole cellule ha permesso la mappatura di popolazioni cellulari eterogenee nello stroma degli organi ematopoietici. Queste metodologie forniscono una lente attraverso la quale studiare l'eterogeneità precedentemente irrisolta allo stato stazionario, nonché i cambiamenti nella rappresentazione del tipo cellulare indotti da stress estrinseci o durante l'invecchiamento. Qui, presentiamo protocolli graduali per l'isolamento di popolazioni di cellule stromali di alta qualità dal timo murino e umano, nonché dall'osso murino e dal midollo osseo. Le cellule isolate attraverso questi protocolli sono adatte per generare set di dati multiomici a singola cellula di alta qualità. Qui vengono discussi gli impatti della digestione del campione, l'esaurimento del lignaggio ematopoietico, l'analisi/smistamento FACS e il modo in cui questi fattori influenzano la compatibilità con il sequenziamento a singola cellula. Con esempi di profili FACS che indicano una dissociazione riuscita e inefficiente e rese di cellule stromali a valle nell'analisi post-sequenziamento, vengono forniti indicatori riconoscibili per gli utenti. Considerare i requisiti specifici delle cellule stromali è fondamentale per acquisire risultati di alta qualità e riproducibili che possano far progredire le conoscenze sul campo.

In the healthy adult, de novo production of blood cells occurs in the bone marrow and the thymus. Stromal cells at these sites are essential for maintenance of hematopoiesis, but stroma constitutes less than 1% of the tissue1,2,3,4. Obtaining pure isolates of hematopoiesis supporting stroma therefore constitutes a significant challenge, particularly for single-cell multiomics that requires expedient processing to obtain samples of high quality. Components of different digestion cocktails may interfere with certain steps in multiomics analysis5,6. The protocols presented here detail the isolation of a wide variety of stromal cells from bone marrow and thymic tissues.
Perturbations of stromal constituents in both bone marrow and thymus result in profound disruption in blood cell development and can result in malignancies7,8,9. Hematopoiesis supporting stroma is damaged following cytotoxic conditioning and bone marrow transplantation, resulting in reduced secretion of cytokines and growth factors that sustain hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs)2,10,11. Furthermore, aging affects bone marrow and thymus stromal cells likely contributing to aged hematopoietic phenotypes. The thymus is the first organ to undergo extensive age-associated involution. Fat and fibrotic tissue start replacing T cell supportive stroma as early as the onset of puberty12,13. In the bone marrow, adipocyte content increases with age and the vascular and endosteal niches are significantly remodeled14,15,16.
To enable study of hematopoiesis supportive stroma across multiple stress states and in the case of the thymus of both human and murine tissue, we have optimized previously published digestion protocols1,2,8,17,18. These protocols ensure efficient and reproducible isolation of cells, and they are compatible with single-cell RNAsequencing (scRNAseq) and other types of multiomics.

Autore in primo piano: Avanzamento della ricerca ematopoietica utilizzando l'isolamento delle cellule stromali per il sequenziamento di singole cellule

Isolamento delle cellule stromali da organi ematopoietici

Development of hematic cells in bone marrow and thymus is highly dependent on stromal cells for support. Perturbations of hematopoietic stromal cell function can lead to inefficient or even malignant blood production. Our lab is focused on understanding stromal cell regulation of hematopoiesis and how it can be manipulated for therapeutic benefits.The advent of single cell sequencing has driven a cascade of recent advances in many research fields. This is also the case in our field where single cell resolution has enabled the identification of heterogeneous stromal cell populations in hematopoietic organs that were previously unknown. Our protocols are optimized to address this, and we hope they will enable more research on stromal cells to tackle critical questions in the field.

Questi protocolli producono varietà di cellule stromali riproducibili dal timo e dal midollo osseo adatte per l'analisi citofluorimetrica, nonché per la multiomica a singola cellula, come il sequenziamento dello scRNA. Il tessuto timico murino subisce un significativo rimodellamento in risposta a fattori di stress, come il condizionamento citotossico che precede il trapianto di midollo osseo o il naturale processo di invecchiamento. Di conseguenza, la cellularità timica è drasticamente ridotta in entrambi questi cont...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Stromal Cell Isolation From Hematopoietic Organs at JoVE.com

Qui presentiamo protocolli che consentono l'isolamento di cellule stromali da osso murino, midollo osseo, timo e tessuto timico umano compatibile con la multiomica a singola cellula.

Single-cell sequencing has enabled the mapping of heterogeneous cell populations in the stroma of hematopoietic organs. These methodologies provide a lens ...

Lo sviluppo di cellule emotiche nel midollo osseo e nel timo dipende fortemente dalle cellule stromali per il supporto. Le perturbazioni della funzione delle cellule stromali ematopoietiche possono portare a una produzione di sangue inefficiente o addirittura maligna. Il nostro laboratorio si concentra sulla comprensione della regolazione delle cellule stromali dell'emopoiesi e su come può essere manipolata per ottenere benefici terapeutici.L'avvento del sequenziamento di singole cellule ha guidato una cascata di recenti progressi in molti campi di ricerca. Questo è anche il caso nel nostro campo, dove la risoluzione di singole cellule ha permesso l'identificazione di popolazioni eterogenee di cellule stromali in organi ematopoietici che erano precedentemente sconosciute. I nostri protocolli sono ottimizzati per affrontare questo problema e speriamo che consentano ulteriori ricerche sulle cellule stromali per affrontare questioni critiche sul campo.

stromal-cell-isolation-from-hematopoietic-organs

Research

JoVE Journal

Immunology and Infection

Stromal Cell Isolation From Hematopoietic Organs

741 Views.  Massachusetts General Hospital. Lo sviluppo di cellule emotiche nel midollo osseo e nel timo dipende fortemente dalle cellule stromali per il supporto. Le perturbazioni della funzione delle cellule stromali ematopoietiche possono portare a una produzione di sangue inefficiente o addirittura maligna. Il nostro laboratorio si concentra sulla comprensione della regolazione delle cellule stromali dell'emopoiesi e su come può essere manipolata per ottenere benefici terapeutici.L'avvento del sequenziamento di singole cell...

Video: Autore in primo piano: Avanzamento della ricerca ematopoietica utilizzando l'isolamento delle cellule stromali per il sequenziamento di singole cellule

Single-cell sequencing has enabled the mapping of heterogeneous cell populations in the stroma of hematopoietic organs. These methodologies provide a lens through which to study previously unresolved heterogeneity at steady state, as well as changes in cell type representation induced by extrinsic stresses or during aging. Here, we present step-wise protocols for the isolation of high-quality stromal cell populations from murine and human thymus, as well as murine bone and bone marrow. Cells isolated through these protocols are suitable for generating high-quality single-cell multiomics datasets. The impacts of sample digestion, hematopoietic lineage depletion, FACS analysis/sorting, and how these factors influence compatibility with single-cell sequencing are discussed here. With examples of FACS profiles indicating successful and inefficient dissociation and downstream stromal cell yields in post-sequencing analysis, recognizable pointers for users are provided. Considering the specific requirements of stromal cells is crucial for acquiring high-quality and reproducible results that can advance knowledge in the field.

Here we present protocols that enable isolation of stromal cells from murine bone, bone marrow, thymus and human thymic tissue compatible with single-cell multiomics.

Ricerca

Immunologia e infezioni

Isolation of Stromal Cells from Murine Thymic Tissue for Generating High&#45;Quality Single Cell Multiomics Datasets

To begin, position the euthanized mouse on a surgical platform and open the chest cavity. Using surgical scissors, make a transverse incision below the rib cage and cut ribs on each side of the mouse to the clavicle. Then cut the diaphragm to release the chest wall And lift ribs with forceps to expose the thoracic cavity.Hold the thymus with forceps, and gently cut the connective tissue holding the thymus in place. To perform enzymatic dissociation of murine thymic tissue, place the cleaned thymus in a 15 milliliter tube cap and use sterile surgical scissors to finely mince the tissue. Add two milliliters of murine dissociation cocktail to the tube.Attach the cap containing the thymus pieces and invert the tube five times to re-suspend the tissue. Wrap the tube cap in paraffin film. After incubation, place the tube in a rack and allow the tissue to settle.Remove the supernatant and pass it over a 70 micrometer cell strainer into a 50 milliliter ice cold tube. Then, add 20 milliliters of M1 99 with 2%FBS medium to the cell suspension. Centrifuge the tube at 500 G for five minutes at four degrees Celsius.After discarding the supernatant, re-suspend the pellet in M1 99 and 2%FBS medium.

Isolamento di cellule stromali dal tessuto timico murino per la generazione di set di dati multiomici a singola cellula di alta qualità

Stromal Cell Extraction from Mouse Bone and Bone Marrow for Superior Single Cell Multi&#45;Omics Data

To begin, take the femur, tibia, pelvis, and humerus bones isolated from a mouse. Use a scalpel to cut through the growth plates of long bones, removing the epiphysis. Place it in a 10-centimeter dish with M199 medium plus 2%FBS on ice.Next, use a 28-gauge needle and a 10-milliliter syringe filled with M199 medium plus 2%FBS to flush the marrow into a 15-milliliter tube on ice. Place the flushed bone in the dish with the epiphysis. Leave the 15-milliliter tube upright on ice until the marrow settles.Then remove the M199 medium plus 2%FBS Add four milliliters of the B&M dissociation cocktail to the 15-milliliter tube and incubate in a 37 degree Celsius water bath. After incubation, collect the supernatant and filter through a 70-micrometer cell strainer into a cold 50-milliliter tube. Add two milliliters of fresh B&M dissociation cocktail to the remaining bone marrow pellet and return it to the water bath.Using a one-milliliter pipette, vigorously pipette any remaining bone marrow pieces. Collect all cell suspension in the same tube as before. Add 20 milliliters of M199 medium with 0.5%BSA, and two-millimolar EDTA to the cell suspension.Afterward, centrifuge the cells at 500 G for five minutes at four degrees Celsius. Resuspend the pellet in 500 microliters of PBS with a 0.5%BSA and biotin antibodies. Incubate on an orbital shaker for 10 minutes at room temperature in the dark.Next, vortex the magnetic beads thoroughly. Add 25 microliters of the beads to the tube and incubate again on the orbital shaker. Place the tube in a matching magnet for two to three minutes and collect the supernatant in a fresh tube.Break the bones into smaller pieces in the 10-centimeter dish using the flat cap end of a 50-milliliter tube. Filter the supernatant through a 70-micrometer cell strainer to isolate bone fragments. Cut the bone fragments in the cell strainer with scissors.Place the filter with the bone fragments on a 50-milliliter tube and open the filter with the scalpel. With tweezers, transfer the bone fraction to five milliliters of murine B&M dissociation mix. Then place the tube horizontally in a 37 degree Celsius water bath with 120 RPM shaking for 30 minutes.After digestion, add 25 milliliters of M199 medium with 0.5%BSA and two-millimolar EDTA. Filter the supernatant containing stromal cells through a 70-micron cell strainer into a cold 50-milliliter tube.