Satoru Takahashi

Influence of inhibitory serotonergic inputs to orexin/hypocretin neurons on the diurnal rhythm of sleep and wakefulness.

GATA-1 transcription is controlled by distinct regulatory mechanisms during primitive and definitive erythropoiesis.

A GATA box in the GATA-1 gene hematopoietic enhancer is a critical element in the network of GATA factors and sites that regulate this gene.

In vivo requirements for GATA-1 functional domains during primitive and definitive erythropoiesis.

Essential and instructive roles of GATA factors in eosinophil development.

Hemoprotein Bach1 regulates enhancer availability of heme oxygenase-1 gene.

HLF/HIF-2alpha is a key factor in retinopathy of prematurity in association with erythropoietin.

Functional analysis of basic transcription element binding protein by gene targeting technology.

Distinct response to dioxin in an arylhydrocarbon receptor (AHR)-humanized mouse.

Leukemogenesis caused by incapacitated GATA-1 function.

[Network of transcription factors for biological functions].

The distal sequence element of the selenocysteine tRNA gene is a tissue-dependent enhancer essential for mouse embryogenesis.

MafA is a key regulator of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion.

GATA motifs regulate early hematopoietic lineage-specific expression of the Gata2 gene.

Uterine sensitization-associated gene-1 (USAG-1), a novel BMP antagonist expressed in the kidney, accelerates tubular injury.

EM703 improves bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice by the inhibition of TGF-beta signaling in lung fibroblasts.

Combinatorial Gata2 and Sca1 expression defines hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow niche.

Overexpression of the transcription factor GATA-3 enhances the development of pulmonary fibrosis.

MafB is essential for renal development and F4/80 expression in macrophages.

Characterization of GATA-1(+) hemangioblastic cells in the mouse embryo.

Th1 and type 1 cytotoxic T cells dominate responses in T-bet overexpression transgenic mice that develop contact dermatitis.

Embryonic stem cells derived from C57BL/6J and C57BL/6N mice.

Aire controls the differentiation program of thymic epithelial cells in the medulla for the establishment of self-tolerance.

Gene expression profile of the third pharyngeal pouch reveals role of mesenchymal MafB in embryonic thymus development.

Selective loss of GABA(B) receptors in orexin-producing neurons results in disrupted sleep/wakefulness architecture.

Enhanced humoral immune responses against T-independent antigens in Fc alpha/muR-deficient mice.

Transcription factor GATA-3 is essential for lens development.

Autotaxin/lysophospholipase D-mediated lysophosphatidic acid signaling is required to form distinctive large lysosomes in the visceral endoderm cells of the mouse yolk sac.

Loss of the Gata1 gene IE exon leads to variant transcript expression and the production of a GATA1 protein lacking the N-terminal domain.

Blimp1-mediated repression of negative regulators is required for osteoclast differentiation.

Loss of the BMP antagonist USAG-1 ameliorates disease in a mouse model of the progressive hereditary kidney disease Alport syndrome.

Impairment of host defense against disseminated candidiasis in mice overexpressing GATA-3.

Lack of lacto/neolacto-glycolipids enhances the formation of glycolipid-enriched microdomains, facilitating B cell activation.

Insulin transactivator MafA regulates intrathymic expression of insulin and affects susceptibility to type 1 diabetes.

Maf promotes osteoblast differentiation in mice by mediating the age-related switch in mesenchymal cell differentiation.

Flk1-GFP BAC Tg mice: an animal model for the study of blood vessel development.

Chondroitin sulfate N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 1 is necessary for normal endochondral ossification and aggrecan metabolism.

A novel transgenic mouse model of the human multiple myeloma chromosomal translocation t(14;16)(q32;q23).

Two distinct origins for Leydig cell progenitors in the fetal testis.

RNA content in the nucleolus alters p53 acetylation via MYBBP1A.

Marked induction of c-Maf protein during Th17 cell differentiation and its implication in memory Th cell development.

Isolation and function of mouse tissue resident vascular precursors marked by myelin protein zero.

c-Maf plays a crucial role for the definitive erythropoiesis that accompanies erythroblastic island formation in the fetal liver.

MetaDBSite: a meta approach to improve protein DNA-binding sites prediction.

Acute optogenetic silencing of orexin/hypocretin neurons induces slow-wave sleep in mice.

Overexpression of T-bet gene regulates murine autoimmune arthritis.

Inhibition of ubiquitin ligase F-box and WD repeat domain-containing 7α (Fbw7α) causes hepatosteatosis through Krüppel-like factor 5 (KLF5)/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ2 (PPARγ2) pathway but not SREBP-1c protein in mice.

Prostate cancer chemoprevention study: an investigative randomized control study using purified isoflavones in men with rising prostate-specific antigen.

The E3 ubiquitin ligase activity of Trip12 is essential for mouse embryogenesis.

Molecular basis for Flk1 expression in hemato-cardiovascular progenitors in the mouse.

A novel diabetes mellitus mouse model, MAFA-deficient and beta cell-specific MAFK-overexpressing hybrid transgenic mice, developed severe diabetic nephropathy and improved with TCV-116 (candesartan cilexetil) treatment.

Organ-specific sulfation patterns of heparan sulfate generated by extracellular sulfatases Sulf1 and Sulf2 in mice.

Study of normal and pathological blood vessel morphogenesis in Flt1-tdsRed BAC Tg mice.

Genome-wide identification of endothelial cell-enriched genes in the mouse embryo.

Overexpression of RORγt under control of the CD2 promoter induces polyclonal plasmacytosis and autoantibody production in transgenic mice.

Combinatorial motif analysis of regulatory gene expression in Mafb deficient macrophages.

Noninvasive monitoring of β-cell mass and fetal β-cell genesis in mice using bioluminescence imaging.

Murine tumor necrosis factor α-induced adipose-related protein (tumor necrosis factor α-induced protein 9) deficiency leads to arthritis via interleukin-6 overproduction with enhanced NF-κB, STAT-3 signaling, and dysregulated apoptosis of macrophages.

Delayed cutaneous wound healing in Fam129b/Minerva-deficient mice.

Nrf2 in bone marrow-derived cells positively contributes to the advanced stage of atherosclerotic plaque formation.

Transcription factors GATA-3 and RORγt are important for determining the phenotype of allergic airway inflammation in a murine model of asthma.

A bacterial artificial chromosome transgene with polymorphic Cd72 inhibits the development of glomerulonephritis and vasculitis in MRL-Faslpr lupus mice.

Bioluminescence imaging of β cells and intrahepatic insulin gene activity under normal and pathological conditions.

C1galt1-deficient mice exhibit thrombocytopenia due to abnormal terminal differentiation of megakaryocytes.

In vivo function and evolution of the eutherian-specific pluripotency marker UTF1.

Novel ROSA26 Cre-reporter knock-in C57BL/6N mice exhibiting green emission before and red emission after Cre-mediated recombination.

MafB promotes atherosclerosis by inhibiting foam-cell apoptosis.

Role of Th1/Th17 balance regulated by T-bet in a mouse model of Mycobacterium avium complex disease.

Regulation of an autoimmune model for multiple sclerosis in Th2-biased GATA3 transgenic mice.

Histone variants enriched in oocytes enhance reprogramming to induced pluripotent stem cells.

O-linked glycosylation determines the nephritogenic potential of IgA rheumatoid factor.

T-bet and Eomes instruct the development of two distinct natural killer cell lineages in the liver and in the bone marrow.

Overexpression of Mafb in podocytes protects against diabetic nephropathy.

Overexpression of GATA-3 in T cells accelerates dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis.

Generation and characterization of Ins1-cre-driver C57BL/6N for exclusive pancreatic beta cell-specific Cre-loxP recombination.

Simple generation of albino C57BL/6J mice with G291T mutation in the tyrosinase gene by the CRISPR/Cas9 system.

Th17-biased RORγt transgenic mice become susceptible to a viral model for multiple sclerosis.

In vivo image analysis using iRFP transgenic mice.

MafA is required for postnatal proliferation of pancreatic β-cells.

RORγt, but not T-bet, overexpression exacerbates an autoimmune model for multiple sclerosis.

T-cell-restricted T-bet overexpression induces aberrant hematopoiesis of myeloid cells and impairs function of macrophages in the lung.

Sexually dimorphic expression of Mafb regulates masculinization of the embryonic urethral formation.

Generation of insulin-producing cells from the mouse liver using β cell-related gene transfer including Mafa and Mafb.

A crucial role of RORγt in the development of spontaneous Sialadenitis-like Sjögren's syndrome.

Lateralization, maturation, and anteroposterior topography in the lateral habenula revealed by ZIF268/EGR1 immunoreactivity and labeling history of neuronal activity.

Role of large MAF transcription factors in the mouse endocrine pancreas.

Involvement of RORγt-overexpressing T cells in the development of autoimmune arthritis in mice.

MafB antagonizes phenotypic alteration induced by GM-CSF in microglia.

Th2-biased GATA-3 transgenic mice developed severe experimental peritoneal fibrosis compared with Th1-biased T-bet and Th17-biased RORγt transgenic mice.

Feasibility of a Short-Arm Centrifuge for Mouse Hypergravity Experiments.

Arf6 regulates tumour angiogenesis and growth through HGF-induced endothelial β1 integrin recycling.

Clinicopathological characteristics and oncological outcomes in patients with renal cell carcinoma registered in 2007: The first large-scale multicenter study from the Cancer Registration Committee of the Japanese Urological Association.

Peri-implantation lethality in mice carrying megabase-scale deletion on 5qc3.3 is caused by Exoc1 null mutation.

Hypergravity Provokes a Temporary Reduction in CD4+CD8+ Thymocyte Number and a Persistent Decrease in Medullary Thymic Epithelial Cell Frequency in Mice.

Combined Overexpression of JARID2, PRDM14, ESRRB, and SALL4A Dramatically Improves Efficiency and Kinetics of Reprogramming to Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells.

A Sulfated Glycosaminoglycan Linkage Region is a Novel Type of Human Natural Killer-1 (HNK-1) Epitope Expressed on Aggrecan in Perineuronal Nets.

Overexpression of RORγt Enhances Pulmonary Inflammation after Infection with Mycobacterium Avium.

Ground-based assessment of JAXA mouse habitat cage unit by mouse phenotypic studies.

β-Cell-Specific Mafk Overexpression Impairs Pancreatic Endocrine Cell Development.

Comprehensive Identification of Krüppel-Like Factor Family Members Contributing to the Self-Renewal of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells and Cellular Reprogramming.

Identification, localization, and functional analysis of the homologues of mouse CABS1 protein in porcine testis.

Differential expression patterns of MafB and c-Maf in macrophages in vivo and in vitro.

Generation of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated bicistronic knock-in ins1-cre driver mice.

Germline recombination in a novel Cre transgenic line, Prl3b1-Cre mouse.

Transcription Factor MafB Coordinates Epidermal Keratinocyte Differentiation.

Aberrant PD-L1 expression through 3'-UTR disruption in multiple cancers.

Hyperlipidemia and hepatitis in liver-specific CREB3L3 knockout mice generated using a one-step CRISPR/Cas9 system.

Visualization of the Epiblast and Visceral Endodermal Cells Using Fgf5-P2A-Venus BAC Transgenic Mice and Epiblast Stem Cells.

MafB deficiency accelerates the development of obesity in mice.

Ophiocordyceps formosana improves hyperglycemia and depression-like behavior in an STZ-induced diabetic mouse model.

Forward-genetics analysis of sleep in randomly mutagenized mice.

TIARP attenuates autoantibody-mediated arthritis via the suppression of neutrophil migration by reducing CXCL2/CXCR2 and IL-6 expression.

MafB is required for development of the hindbrain choroid plexus.

Peripherally administered orexin improves survival of mice with endotoxin shock.

Impact of a simulated gravity load for atmospheric reentry, 10 g for 2 min, on conscious mice.

SHISA6 Confers Resistance to Differentiation-Promoting Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling in Mouse Spermatogenic Stem Cells.

Nrf2 Improves Leptin and Insulin Resistance Provoked by Hypothalamic Oxidative Stress.

GATA3 Abundance Is a Critical Determinant of T Cell Receptor β Allelic Exclusion.

MAFB prevents excess inflammation after ischemic stroke by accelerating clearance of damage signals through MSR1.

Fluorescence and Bioluminescence Imaging of Angiogenesis in Flk1-Nano-lantern Transgenic Mice.

The small G protein Arf6 expressed in keratinocytes by HGF stimulation is a regulator for skin wound healing.

Effects of gravity changes on gene expression of BDNF and serotonin receptors in the mouse brain.

Simple generation of hairless mice for in vivo imaging.

The effects of heat stress on morphological properties and intracellular signaling of denervated and intact soleus muscles in rats.

maintains the balance of primitive endoderm versus epiblast specification during mouse embryonic development by suppression of .

T-bet, but not Gata3, overexpression is detrimental in a neurotropic viral infection.

Development of new experimental platform 'MARS'-Multiple Artificial-gravity Research System-to elucidate the impacts of micro/partial gravity on mice.

Transcription factor MafB may play an important role in secondary hyperparathyroidism.

Desulfation of Heparan Sulfate by Sulf1 and Sulf2 Is Required for Corticospinal Tract Formation.

Differentiation of IL-17-Producing Invariant Natural Killer T Cells Requires Expression of the Transcription Factor c-Maf.

MafB is a critical regulator of complement component C1q.

Co-chaperone BAG2 Determines the Pro-oncogenic Role of Cathepsin B in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells.

Isl1β Overexpression With Key β Cell Transcription Factors Enhances Glucose-Responsive Hepatic Insulin Production and Secretion.

Incomplete clearance of apoptotic cells by core 1-derived O-glycan-deficient resident peritoneal macrophages.

Postnatal lethality and chondrodysplasia in mice lacking both chondroitin sulfate N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase-1 and -2.

Time-course transcriptome analysis of human cellular reprogramming from multiple cell types reveals the drastic change occurs between the mid phase and the late phase.

MAFB is dispensable for the fetal testis morphogenesis and the maintenance of spermatogenesis in adult mice.

MafB Is Critical for Glucagon Production and Secretion in Mouse Pancreatic α Cells .

Visualization of endothelial cell cycle dynamics in mouse using the Flt-1/eGFP-anillin system.

Optical clearing of the pancreas for visualization of mature β-cells and vessels in mice.

S-phase Synchronization Facilitates the Early Progression of Induced-Cardiomyocyte Reprogramming through Enhanced Cell-Cycle Exit.

Long-term hindlimb unloading causes a preferential reduction of medullary thymic epithelial cells expressing autoimmune regulator (Aire).

A mutation in transcription factor MAFB causes Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis with Duane Retraction Syndrome.

Quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis of the molecular substrates of sleep need.

Macrophages Switch Their Phenotype by Regulating Maf Expression during Different Phases of Inflammation.

ZMYND10 functions in a chaperone relay during axonemal dynein assembly.

Aberrant imprinting in mouse trophoblast stem cells established from somatic cell nuclear transfer-derived embryos.

De Novo Mutations Activating Germline TP53 in an Inherited Bone-Marrow-Failure Syndrome.

Impact of Spaceflight and Artificial Gravity on the Mouse Retina: Biochemical and Proteomic Analysis.

A single phosphorylation site of SIK3 regulates daily sleep amounts and sleep need in mice.

A Novel iRFP-Incorporated in vivo Murine Atherosclerosis Imaging System.

Mice harboring an MCTO mutation exhibit renal failure resembling nephropathy in human patients.

Klf5 suppresses ERK signaling in mouse pluripotent stem cells.

TRMT2A is a novel cell cycle regulator that suppresses cell proliferation.

Competition for Mitogens Regulates Spermatogenic Stem Cell Homeostasis in an Open Niche.

Important cardiac transcription factor genes are accompanied by bidirectional long non-coding RNAs.

Generating Vegfr3 reporter transgenic mouse expressing membrane-tagged Venus for visualization of VEGFR3 expression in vascular and lymphatic endothelial cells.

Manipulation of Nephron-Patterning Signals Enables Selective Induction of Podocytes from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells.

KOnezumi: a web application for automating gene disruption strategies to generate knockout mice.

The chromatin-binding protein Phf6 restricts the self-renewal of hematopoietic stem cells.

Notch Signaling in Nestin-Expressing Cells in the Bone Marrow Maintains Erythropoiesis via Macrophage Integrity.

EFCAB2 is a novel calcium-binding protein in mouse testis and sperm.

Transcription Factor T-bet Attenuates the Development of Elastase-induced Emphysema in Mice.

Neuron-specific Mafb knockout causes growth retardation accompanied by an impaired growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor I axis.

Down-regulation of GATA1-dependent erythrocyte-related genes in the spleens of mice exposed to a space travel.

Spiral ganglion cell degeneration-induced deafness as a consequence of reduced GATA factor activity.

PRRT2 mutations in Japanese patients with benign infantile epilepsy and paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia.

Elevated maternal retinoic acid-related orphan receptor-γt enhances the effect of polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid in inducing fetal loss.

MafB Is Important for Pancreatic β-Cell Maintenance under a MafA-Deficient Condition.

Lysophosphatidic acid-induced YAP/TAZ activation promotes developmental angiogenesis by repressing Notch ligand Dll4.

Reproducibility of CRISPR-Cas9 methods for generation of conditional mouse alleles: a multi-center evaluation.

Hepatocyte ELOVL Fatty Acid Elongase 6 Determines Ceramide Acyl-Chain Length and Hepatic Insulin Sensitivity in Mice.

Male mice, caged in the International Space Station for 35 days, sire healthy offspring.

Role of MafB in macrophages.

The conserved metalloprotease invadolysin is present in invertebrate haemolymph and vertebrate blood.

Regulation of bile acid metabolism in mouse models with hydrophobic bile acid composition.

Transcription factor MafB is a marker of tumor-associated macrophages in both mouse and humans.

Uncovering the role of MAFB in glucagon production and secretion in pancreatic α-cells using a new α-cell-specific Mafb conditional knockout mouse model.

Clec10a regulates mite-induced dermatitis.

Highly efficient CRISPR-targeting of the murine Hipp11 intergenic region supports inducible human transgene expression.

RORγt antagonist improves Sjögren's syndrome-like sialadenitis through downregulation of CD25.

Phenotypic analysis of mice carrying human-type MAFB p.Leu239Pro mutation.

Impact of spaceflight on the murine thymus and mitigation by exposure to artificial gravity during spaceflight.

Transcription factor c-Maf is a checkpoint that programs macrophages in lung cancer.

c-MAF deletion in adult C57BL/6J mice induces cataract formation and abnormal differentiation of lens fiber cells.

Mice lacking core 1-derived O-glycan in podocytes develop transient proteinuria, resulting in focal segmental glomerulosclerosis.

Clinical Practice Guidelines for Bladder Cancer 2019 edition by the Japanese Urological Association: Revision working position paper.

Generation of B6-Ddx4 , a novel CreERT2 knock-in line, for germ cell lineage by CRISPR/Cas9.

Lymphatic MAFB regulates vascular patterning during developmental and pathological lymphangiogenesis.

Ribosome binding protein GCN1 regulates the cell cycle and cell proliferation and is essential for the embryonic development of mice.

Efficient production of large deletion and gene fragment knock-in mice mediated by genome editing with Cas9-mouse Cdt1 in mouse zygotes.

Loss of the conserved PKA sites of SIK1 and SIK2 increases sleep need.

pathway modulates the code via regulation during axial patterning in vertebrates.

Gender difference in development of steatohepatitis in p62/Sqstm1 and Nrf2 double-knockout mice.

Reverse genetics reveals single gene of every candidate on Hybrid sterility, X Chromosome QTL 2 (Hstx2) are dispensable for spermatogenesis.

Ablation of Ventral Midbrain/Pons GABA Neurons Induces Mania-like Behaviors with Altered Sleep Homeostasis and Dopamine DR-mediated Sleep Reduction.

Clinical Practice Guidelines for Bladder Cancer 2019 update by the Japanese Urological Association: Summary of the revision.

CRISPR/Cas9-based genome editing in mice uncovers 13 testis- or epididymis-enriched genes individually dispensable for male reproduction†.

Transcription factor MafB in podocytes protects against the development of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis.

Aspects of Gene Therapy Products Using Current Genome-Editing Technology in Japan.

An Inducible Diabetes Mellitus Murine Model Based on MafB Conditional Knockout under MafA-Deficient Condition.

Sleep Architecture in Mice Is Shaped by the Transcription Factor AP-2β.

Nrf2 contributes to the weight gain of mice during space travel.

Suppressed ER-associated degradation by intraglomerular cross talk between mesangial cells and podocytes causes podocyte injury in diabetic kidney disease.

Author Correction: Nrf2 contributes to the weight gain of mice during space travel.

Activation of CD8 T cells accelerates anti-PD-1 antibody-induced psoriasis-like dermatitis through IL-6.

Mast4 knockout shows the regulation of spermatogonial stem cell self-renewal via the FGF2/ERM pathway.

Novel method for evaluating the health condition of mice in space through a video downlink.

FGF-23 from erythroblasts promotes hematopoietic progenitor mobilization.

Study of mouse behavior in different gravity environments.

Mobilization efficiency is critically regulated by fat via marrow PPARδ.

Effects of RORγt overexpression on the murine central nervous system.

Induction of Mutant Allele in Neurons in Late Infancy Increases Sleep Need.

Generation of reconstituted hemato-lymphoid murine embryos by placental transplantation into embryos lacking HSCs.

Functional analysis of large MAF transcription factors and elucidation of their relationships with human diseases.

Response to correspondence on "Reproducibility of CRISPR-Cas9 methods for generation of conditional mouse alleles: a multi-center evaluation".

Transcriptome analysis of gravitational effects on mouse skeletal muscles under microgravity and artificial 1 g onboard environment.

Disruption of entire locus leads to embryonic lethality by diminished gene expression and enhanced p53 pathway.

EXOC1 plays an integral role in spermatogonia pseudopod elongation and spermatocyte stable syncytium formation in mice.

Radiation inducible MafB gene is required for thymic regeneration.

Findings from recent studies by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency examining musculoskeletal atrophy in space and on Earth.

Starvation-induced transcription factor CREBH negatively governs body growth by controlling GH signaling.

Overexpression of human BAG3 in mice causes restrictive cardiomyopathy.

Nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (NRF2) deficiency accelerates fast fibre type transition in soleus muscle during space flight.

Mathematical analysis of the effect of portal vein cells on biliary epithelial cell differentiation through the Delta-Notch signaling pathway.

Intergenerational effect of short-term spaceflight in mice.

Differential Involvement of Programmed Cell Death Ligands in Skin Immune Responses.

Adipsin-Dependent Secretion of Hepatocyte Growth Factor Regulates the Adipocyte-Cancer Stem Cell Interaction.

Author Correction: Study of mouse behavior in different gravity environments.

A common genetic variant of a mitochondrial RNA processing enzyme predisposes to insulin resistance.

A multistate stem cell dynamics maintains homeostasis in mouse spermatogenesis.

Albino mice with the point mutation at the tyrosinase locus show high cholesterol diet-induced NASH susceptibility.

Gene expression changes related to bone mineralization, blood pressure and lipid metabolism in mouse kidneys after space travel.

DAJIN enables multiplex genotyping to simultaneously validate intended and unintended target genome editing outcomes.

Global Loss of Core 1-Derived -Glycans in Mice Leads to High Mortality Due to Acute Kidney Failure and Gastric Ulcers.

MafK accelerates mucosal infection through caspase-3 activation.

Erk5 in Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Regulates Bone Homeostasis by Preventing Osteogenesis in Adulthood.

Inducible Systemic Deletion in Mice Leads to Transient Body Weight Loss upon Tamoxifen Treatment Associated with Decrease of Fat and Liver Glycogen Storage.

Generation of a Gal4-dependent gene recombination and illuminating mouse.

Distinctive High Expression of Antiretroviral APOBEC3 Protein in Mouse Germinal Center B Cells.

Identifying potential regulators of JAGGED1 expression in portal mesenchymal cells.

Summary of the Clinical Practice Guidelines for Penile Cancer 2021 by the Japanese Urological Association.

Comparing effects of microgravity and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in the mouse ventral lumbar spinal cord.

Coordination chemogenetics for activation of GPCR-type glutamate receptors in brain tissue.