11.6 : 市場の種類の差別化

Each market structure has its unique set of features.

Firstly, perfect competition has a large number of firms selling homogenous products at uniform prices, which are determined by supply and demand. Buyers and sellers have perfect information, and there is no restriction on entering or exiting the industry.

Next, a monopoly is where one firm dominates the market, selling a unique product without close substitutes. Entry barriers are high, and the monopolist sets the price.

Then, monopolistic competition, where multiple firms sell differentiated products, which are close but not perfect substitutes. Firms have some control over price, and barriers to entry and exit are low.

Finally, an oligopoly has a few large firms dominating the market, selling homogeneous or differentiated products. Barriers to entry are high, and firms are interdependent in setting the prices as the action of one affects the others.

The level of competition and influence over the price setting of all these market structures set them apart. However, they all aim to maximize profits and involve interactions between buyers and sellers.