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この記事について

  • 要約
  • 要約
  • 概要
  • プロトコル
  • 結果
  • ディスカッション
  • 開示事項
  • 謝辞
  • 資料
  • 参考文献
  • 転載および許可

要約

ここでは、機能、契約、心筋細胞のような細胞を生成するために若いヒト間葉系幹細胞源の心臓微分の潜在性を効率的に活用する方法を提案するの in vitro 。

要約

心筋梗塞とその後虚血性連鎖結果心筋細胞、うっ血性心不全、世界の死亡率の一流の原因につながるの広汎な損失。間葉系幹細胞 (Msc) は、現在、侵襲的な技術を交換する細胞ベースの治療に有望なオプションです。MSCs は、心筋細胞の種類を含む、間葉系の系統に区別できるが、完全な機能的な細胞分化がまだ達成されていません。以前の差別化の方法は、薬理学的エージェントまたは成長の要因に基づいていた。しかし、もっと生理学的に関連する戦略には MSCs cardiomyogenic 変換を受けることも可能です。心筋細胞のような収縮細胞を生産する心筋細胞の送り装置の層に MSC 骨材を用いた微分法を紹介します。

ひと臍帯血管周囲細胞 (HUCPVCs) がより大きい微分よりも潜在的なを持っている示されている一般的骨髄 MSCs (BMSCs) など、MSC の種類を調査しました。ひきつづいて若いソースとして古いソースと比較して妊娠 (FTM) の HUCPVCs の cardiomyogenic の可能性を検討した.FTM の HUCPVCs プロパティを保持、子宮内immunoprivileged 培養 MSCs の小説、豊かな源である生体外で。HUCPVCs この分化プロトコル、FTM の用語を使用して (すなわち、心筋増強物の要因 2 C、心筋トロポニン T、心筋ミオシンの重鎖、信号規定する蛋白質の α とコネキシン 43) 心筋細胞マーカーの発現の増加によって示されるように、BMSCs と比較して大幅に増加した cardiomyogenic 分化を達成しました。彼らはまた彼らの低い HLA A 式と高い HLA G 式で実証としての有意に低い免疫原性を維持しました。分化の集計ベースを適用すると、FTM HUCPVCs は、潜在的なと心臓フィーダー層を共培養後 1 週間以内のセルのクラスターを契約、そう最初の MSC 型になって生成された高められた形成を示した。

我々 の結果はこの差別化戦略 FTM HUCPVCs などの若い MSCs の cardiomyogenic の可能性を効果的に活用することができることを実証してから、その再生効果で体内を向上させる潜在的な戦略ができるその体外前分化を示唆しています。

概要

うっ血性心不全 (CHF) は、罹患率と死亡率の世界の一流の原因として保持します。スイスフランは、心筋細胞の大規模な損失と心筋梗塞 (MI)1の病理の結果として瘢痕組織の細胞の開発を多く発生します。中心部は部分的に自己更新器官が、豊かさと多くの場合受傷後適切に回復するが不十分となった高齢者の患者の機能で常駐幹・前駆細胞プール大幅組織再生を実行するための責任が減少します。従って、健康なドナー細胞の損傷を受けた心筋への移植を含む実験的治療法の開発に大きな関心があります。ドナー細胞だけでなく、組織の構造を復元、また影響を受けた心筋の機能回復を達成するために不可欠です。

ネイティブの心は心臓組織に常駐を採用し、受傷後の内因性骨髄由来幹細胞修復2,3,4。再生細胞ホストとドナー由来もありますは、適切な表現と効率的にかつ安全に失われた細胞を置換する機能と共に、改造の心筋の微小環境で関数を取得する能力を持っています。In vitro分化の方法は、高効率、幹細胞を用いた心筋細胞生産5,6を達成するために広く使用されています。心臓系統マーカーの発現プロファイルを使用して、心臓系統7に向かって幹細胞分化のプロセスを定義します。初期分化マーカー、NKX2.5、心筋増強因子 2 C など (Mef2c) および GATA48,9、cardiomyogenic プロセスの開始を示すことができます。差別化の有効性を評価するために一般的に使用される成熟心筋細胞マーカーが信号調節タンパク質 α (SIRPA)10, 心筋トロポニン T (cTnT)11、重鎖心筋ミオシン (MYH6)8,12,13, とコネキシン 43 (cx 43)14,,1516。胚性幹細胞 (Esc) と多能性幹細胞 (Psc) を使用してメソッドは徹底的に最適し、誘導要因、酸素および栄養素のグラデーションの詳細とアクション5,6,7,17,18の正確なタイミングについて説明しました。それにもかかわらず、ESC と PSC ベースの技術はまだ次善の電気生理学的および免疫学的機能19,20と共に複数の倫理と安全性懸念を提示します。多くの場合これらの細胞移植ホストは、immunorejection を体験し、永久的な免疫抑制を必要とします。これは、主に主要組織適合性の複雑な (MHC) 分子ホストとドナーおよび結果 T 細胞応答21までの不一致によるものです。ながら個々 の MHC クラス I 可能な解決策は、マッチング、やすく実習が拒絶反応の懸念を克服するために immunoprivileged では普遍的に細胞ソースが必要があります。

特に、BMSCs、臨床では、MSCs 用代替細胞ソースとして 1995年22で彼らの初期の説明から歯周組織再生用検討しました。MSCs は、ほぼすべての血管柄付き組織23で見つけることができる居住者の再生細胞であると考えられています。目的のソースからの分離、MSCs 文化で容易に拡張することができます、広範な傍分泌能力を持っている、しばしば immunoprivileged または免疫調節特性24,25を持っています。その安全性と有効性既に示されているいくつかの臨床研究で特に心筋再生3,26。

多くの MSC 差別化戦略は、変数効率 5-アザシチジン22や DMSO27、および成長のような Bmp5,7,28,29またはアンジオテンシン II30、形態形成の要因などの薬理学的エージェントを利用します。これらの戦略は、素朴な再生細胞はホーミングまたは傷害のサイトに配信されている後に発生する可能性が障害物に基づいていないただし、体内。もっと生理学的に関連する戦略は、一方が難しく定義し操作、組織微小環境自体からの信号を通して MSC 分化を誘起することを前提に基づいています。以前の研究は心臓セル lysates31または心室心筋32,33, への曝露が示されているまたは直接プライマリ心筋細胞の in vitro15,34, との接触が MSCs で心臓マーカーの発現を高めることができます。他の人は一部、BMSCs と心筋細胞39,40の融合生成初期の心筋が MSCs35,36,37,38, 心臓傷害の治療後特発性心筋を実証しています。私たちの知る限り、ヒト MSCs (hMSCs) の組織の任意のソースから機能、自発的に引き締まる心筋細胞がまだ報告されていません。

現在のコンセンサスは、MSCs のすべてが血管周囲細胞23から発生することです。周皮細胞プロパティを持つ若い MSCs は、ひと臍帯組織41,42,43の血管領域から分離できます。BMSCs と比較して HUCPVCs は、潜在的な増加の分化と他のいくつかの再生の利点、両方生体外で41,44とin vivo45,46,47を所有しています。特に、妊婦の胎児のインターフェイス ソース、HUCPVCs MSCs の大人の情報源と比較して有意に低い免疫原性があります。我々 の研究に焦点を当てて評価と FTM HUCPVCs、調査、MSCs の最年少のソースの前臨床応用増殖性と高い multilineage を増加するいると我々 は以前に、分化能力、cardiomyogenic 系統41を含みます。

ここでは、MSCs。 集計の完了 cardiomyogenic 差別化を達成するために誘導の力より良い条件モデル生体内で2D 付着性文化と比較して 3 D 環境を提供するように、粒の形成と心筋細胞の主要な送り装置の層を組み合わせたプロトコルを提案する.心臓フィーダー層を利用した MSCs の究極移植サイトの代表である環境を提供します。集合体を形成し、彼らの免疫特権を維持しながらアダルト BMSCs に比べて心臓表現型に到達する能力が高いを前または出生後のへその緒から分離された MSCs の若いソースにことを示します。心臓系統マーカー遺伝子の誘導発現細胞内急昇格以外 (すなわち、 cTnT および MYH6) および細胞表面蛋白質 (すなわちSIRPA と配列とコネキシン 43) 心筋細胞の特定、紹介は FTM HUCPVCs の微分の潜在性ことができますこの方法で活かされることや心筋細胞のような細胞を自発的に契約に上昇を与えることができます。

プロトコル

All studies involving animals were conducted and reported according to ARRIVE guidelines48. All studies were performed with institutional research ethics board approval (REB number 454-2011, Sunnybrook Research Institute; REB 29889, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada). All animal procedures were approved by the Animal Care Committee of the University Health Network (Toronto, Canada), and all animals received humane care in compliance with the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, 8th edition (National Institutes of Health 2011).

1. Tissue Culture

  1. Culture FTM HUCPVCs, term HUCPVCs (previously established, n ≥ 3 independent lines for each)42 and commercially available BMSCs in alpha-minimum essential medium (MEM) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) and a 1% penicillin/streptomycin (P/S) cocktail. Culture rat primary cardiomyocytes and MSC-cardiomyocyte co-cultures in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium: Nutrient Mixture F-12 (DMEM-F12) containing 10% FBS and 1% P/S.
    NOTE: Sterilize the medium using a 0.2-µm filter. Store prepared medium solutions at 4 °C for up to 3 weeks.
  2. Maintain cell cultures in humidified incubators (95% relative humidity, 37 °C, and 5% CO2) and passage at 70-80% confluency, determined by phase-contrast microscopy. Use appropriate volumes of medium for the size of tissue culture dish used (e.g., 10 mL in a 10-cm dish and 2 mL per well in 6-well tissue culture plate). Use these culture conditions for the duration of the protocol.
  3. Dissociate MSC monolayers for passaging or MSC-cardiomyocyte co-culture establishment using a dissociation enzyme solution (2 mL/well in a 6-well plate) and incubate at 37 °C for 4 min.
  4. Transfer the dissociated cells to a 15-mL tube and centrifuge at 400 x g for 5 min.
  5. Aspirate the supernatant without disrupting the cell pellet and resuspend the cells in 1 mL of a culture medium appropriate for counting using an automated cell counter. Seed the cells as described in the following protocol sections.

2. Preparation of Primary Rat Cardiomyocyte-MSC Co-cultures

  1. Obtain heart tissue for primary cardiomyocyte isolation.
    1. Euthanize rat pups (5-6 days postnatal) using CO2 asphyxiation. Set CO2 chambers to 20% gas replacement (flow rate = 0.2 x chamber volume per min). Confirm exitus by the absence of the pinch reflex.
    2. Remove the atria with the connecting major blood vessels using sterilized instruments (i.e., forceps and curved scissors)41. Transfer the hearts to 50-mL tubes containing sterile PBS with1% P/S (PBS-P/S) on ice.
    3. Cut the ventriculi in half and let the blood wash out in a 10-cm dish with 10 mL of PBS-P/S on ice. Cut the ventricular walls into small pieces (diameter = 2-3 mm) using curved scissors.
    4. Transfer the heart pieces from 10-12 animals to a 50-mL tube using a serological pipette and let them settle.
    5. Remove as much PBS-P/S as possible without removing any heart pieces. Add 10 mL of new PBS-P/S.
  2. Digest the heart tissue to isolate the cardiomyocytes.
    1. Allow the heart pieces to settle. Replace the PBS-P/S with 10 mL of 0.15% trypsin in PBS and shake at 37 °C for 10 min.
    2. Discard the supernatant. Repeat the digestion described in step 2.2.1 three more times, but decant the supernatants into 50-mL collection tubes containing 10 mL of 100% FBS.
  3. Centrifuge the cells (400 x g, 5 min) and aspirate the supernatant. Resuspend the cells in DMEM-F12 containing 10% FBS and 1% P/S and seed onto a 6-well plate (1 x 105 cells/cm2, 2 mL of medium per well).
  4. After 1 h, transfer the medium containing non-attached cells to a 50-mL tube and discard the attached cells. Count the cells in suspension and re-plate them into new 6-well plates (1 x 105 cells/cm2, 2 mL of DMEM-F12 containing 10% FBS and 1% P/S per well).
  5. Inhibit cell proliferation with bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU).
    Caution: BrdU is a strong teratogen and suspected mutagen. Please ensure proper training is provided and refer to the safety data sheet before use.
    1. Once cells have attached, replace the medium in the 6-well plate with DMEM-F12 containing 10% FBS, 1% P/S (2 mL of medium per well), and 5 µM BrdU. Incubate for 16 h (37 °C, 5% CO2).
    2. Remove the BrdU-containing medium and replace with DMEM-F12 containing 10% FBS and 1% P/S (2 mL of medium per well).
  6. Prepare pre-stained MSCs.
    1. Once MSC cultures are at 70-80% confluency in 10-cm dishes, remove the culture medium and add 3 mL of cell dissociation solution. Incubate the dish at 37 °C and 5% CO2 for 5 min.
    2. Transfer the dissociated cells to a 15-mL tube and centrifuge at 400 x g for 5 min.
    3. Aspirate the supernatant without disrupting the cell pellet and resuspend the cells in 1 mL of DMEM-F12 containing 10% FBS and 1% P/S for counting using an automated cell counter.
    4. Dilute the cells to a concentration of 1 x 106 MSC/mL of DMEM-F12 containing 10% FBS and 1% P/S.
    5. Incubate the MSCs with viable, non-transferable fluorescent dye (5 µM, 30 min, 37 °C, 5% CO2) in 1.5-mL centrifuge tubes for 1 h.
    6. Centrifuge the tubes at 400 x g for 5 min. Aspirate the supernatant and resuspend the pellet in DMEM-F12 containing 10% FBS and 1% P/S for a cell concentration of 1 x 106 MSC/mL. Repeat this a total of 3 times.
  7. Transfer the MSCs onto cardiomyocytes (step 2.5.2) at a concentration of 10 x 104 cells per well of the 6-well plate.

3. Preparation of Aggregate Co-cultures

  1. Prepare a single-cell suspension of MSCs (2 x 104 cells/mL of medium, passage # ≤ 6) in alpha-MEM supplemented with 10% FBS and 1% P/S (see step 2.6).
    NOTE: Refer to section 1 of the protocol for the passaging of cells. Alternatively, pre-stain MSCs as per step 2.6.
  2. Initiate aggregate formation by placing 25-µL drops of cell suspension (500 cells) on the inner surface of the lids of 10-cm tissue culture dishes (up to 50 drops per lid). Place the lids on their bottom counterparts containing PBS-P/S. Incubate at 37 °C and 5% CO2.
    NOTE: Place 5-7 mL of PBS-P/S into the culture dish below the hanging drops to avoid drop evaporation.
  3. Observe aggregate formation in the drops after 3 days using a stereomicroscope. If over 40 out of 50 drops contain formed aggregates, collect the drops from the lids using a 1-mL micropipette and transfer the aggregates directly onto primary rat cardiomyocyte monolayers (prepared in steps 2.1-2.7; 10 drops/well). Avoid vigorous pipetting to preserve aggregate integrity.
  4. Keep aggregate co-cultures in the incubators for up to 2 weeks, changing the full volume of medium (2 mL of DMEM-F12 containing 10% FBS and 1% P/S per well) every 72 h.
    1. Daily observe aggregates attaching on feeder cell layers using bright-field microscopy. Record contracting aggregates when observed.
  5. Prepare aggregates for analysis.
    1. Remove the medium and add 2 mL of PBS per well of a 6-well tissue culture dish. Remove the PBS and add 2 mL of dissociation solution per well. Incubate for 3 min at 37 °C and 5% CO2.
    2. Centrifuge at 400 x g for 5 min to obtain a cell pellet. Resuspend in medium, as specified for the applications described in the subsequent steps (see steps 4.1, 5.1, and 6.1) and pass through a 70-µm cell strainer.

4. Flow Cytometry (FC) and Fluorescence-activated Cell Sorting (FACS)

  1. Incubate cell suspensions (1 x 105 cells in 200 µL of PBS containing 3% FBS) with fluorophore-conjugated (FITC or APC) primary antibodies (i.e., CD49f, Cx43, TRA-1-85, HLA-A, HLA-G, and SIRPA for FC or TRA-1-85 for FACS; 1:40) at 4 °C for 30 min, protected from light.
  2. Centrifuge (400 x g, 5 min) and resuspend the cells in 1 mL of PBS with 3% FBS for FC or PBS with 0.5% FBS for FACS.
    NOTE: The FC of MSCs was optimized by Hong et al.41.
  3. Maintain the cells at 4 °C in the dark until they are ready to be analyzed by FC (at least 1 x 104 events) or FACS. Sort the cells as described41. Re-plate TRA-1-85 high-positive sorted cells in 6-well plates (1 x 104 cells/well, 2 mL of DMEM-F12 containing 10% FBS and 1% P/S) within 1 h.
    NOTE: For the gating strategy of the TRA-1-85 human cell surface antigen, see the Supplementary Figure.

5. Immunocytochemistry (ICC) and Microscopy

  1. Re-plate the cell suspensions obtained from the co-cultures (step 3.5.2) or FACS (section 4) onto chamber slides (1 x 104 cells/well, 2 mL of DMEM-F12 containing 10% FBS and 1% P/S per well). Let the cells attach overnight in a tissue culture incubator (see section 1 for the conditions).
  2. Fix the cells using 3 mL of 4% paraformaldehyde (PFA) in PBS for 15 min at room temperature. Wash 3 times with 3 mL of PBS containing 1% bovine serum albumin (BSA; PBS-BSA) for 5 min per wash.
    Caution: Wear appropriate personal protective equipment when handling PFA.
  3. Permeabilize the cells in 3 mL of PBS-BSA with 0.1% Triton X-100. Incubate at room temperature for 10 min for intracellular antigens (i.e., alpha sarcomeric actinin (aSarc) and Cx43), or 25 min for intra-nuclear antigens (i.e., Mef2c and human nuclear antigen (HuNu)). Wash 3 times with 3 mL of PBS-BSA for 5 min per wash.
  4. Block the samples against non-specific antibody reactions with 3 mL of PBS containing 5% normal goat serum (NGS) and 1% BSA for 15 min at room temperature. Wash 3 times with 3 mL of PBS-BSA for 5 min per wash.
  5. Incubate the cells in the primary antibodies (i.e., Mef2c, aSarc, Cx43, and HuNu) diluted 1:200 in 3 mL of PBS-BSA at 4 °C overnight.
  6. Wash 3 times with 3 mL of PBS-BSA for 5 min per wash and incubate with secondary antibodies for 30 min at room temperature. Wash 3 times with 3 mL of PBS-BSA for 5 min per wash.
  7. Store the stained specimens in 3 mL of of mounting medium.
  8. Acquire images using a fluorescence microscope. Use a 10X objective (NA = 0.3), and a 20X objective (NA = 0.45) for lower-magnification imaging. Use fluorescence filter cubes and wavelengths for GFP (ex = 470/22 nm, em = 525/50 nm) and RFP (ex = 531/40 nm, em = 593/40 nm) for the secondary antibodies used (see the Materials and Equipment Table).
  9. Quantify images using imaging software (see the Materials and Equipment Table for the recommended software). Normalize the fluorescence intensity readings to the secondary control acquisitions.

6. RNA Isolation and Quantitative RT-PCR

  1. Prepare RNA samples from undifferentiated MSC cultures or MSCs sorted from co-cultures using column-based RNA isolation, according to the manufacturer's instructions. Prepare 1 x 104 to 1 x 106 cells in 0.7 mL of cell lysis buffer (provided with the RNA isolation kit) per sample.
  2. Prepare cDNA from up to 2 µg of RNA per 100-µL RT reaction.
  3. Perform qPCR using 10 ng of cDNA per reaction (40 cycles, 60 °C annealing/extending temperature).
    1. Use primers for human MY6H and cTnT in a 500-nM concentration and 1-100 ng of cDNA per reaction (see the Materials and Equipment Table). Use GAPDH, ACTB, and HPRT as internal housekeeping normalizers. Use commercially available human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes as a positive control.
      NOTE: Express the fold-change of expression compared to undifferentiated MSC-derived cDNA samples.

結果

HUCPVCs Display Higher Aggregate-formation Potential and CD49f Expression Levels Compared to BMSCs:

To induce the differentiation of hMSCs (i.e., FTM HUCPVCs, term HUCPVCs, and BMSCs), single-cell suspensions of undifferentiated MSCs or MSC-containing hanging drops (Table 1) were transferred onto rat primary cardiomyocyte monolayers to establish direct co-cultures or aggregate co-cultur...

ディスカッション

幹細胞の心筋分化は、MSC のソースから心筋細胞のような細胞の生成に使用されているいくつかの異なる戦略と 2 年以上にわたって開発を進めています。これらの戦略の多くはただし、効率的ではありません、使用条件、環境移植細胞の出会い、生体内の代表的なよくないです。

既存のメソッドとは対照的は、ここで提示されたプロトコルはプライマリ心臓フィー?...

開示事項

博士クリフォード ・ l ・ Librach は、特許の共同保有者:最初の学期臍帯組織由来細胞の分離とファージのメソッドカナダ、オーストラリアで。

謝辞

著者らは次のスタッフ メンバーに感謝し、彼らの貢献のための人員を研究: マシュー Librach、レイラ ・ Maghen、ターニャ A. Baretto、Shlomit Kenigsberg Andrée ゴーティエ ・ フィッシャー。この作品は、オンタリオ州研究基金 - 研究の卓越性 (ORF 日時、ラウンド #7) と作成プログラム株式会社によって支えられました。

資料

NameCompanyCatalog NumberComments
0.25% Trypsin/EDTAGibco25200056For cell dissociation
Alpha-MEMGibco12571071For HUCPVC and BMSC culture media.
PE-conjugated anti-human/mouse CD49f antibodyBiolegend313612Integrin marker for FC
APC-conjugated human Cx43/GJA1 antibodyR&D SystemsFAB7737AConnexin 43 marker for FC
FITC-conjugated HLA-A2 antibodyGenway Biotech Inc.GWB-66FBD2Immunogenicity marker for FC
FITC-conjugated anti-HLA-G [MEM-G/9] antibodyAbcamab7904Immunogenicity marker for FC
FITC-conjugated mouse anti-human SIRPA/CD172a antibodyAbD Serotec/Bio-RadMCA2518FCardiac marker for FC
APC-conjugated human TRA-1-85/CD147 antibodyR&D SystemsFAB3195AHuman cell marker for FC and FACS
FITC-conjugated human TRA-1-85/CD147 antibodyR&D SystemsFAB3195FHuman cell marker for FC and FACS
Anti-connexin 43/GJA1 antibodyAbcamab11370Cx43. For ICC
Goat anti-rabbit IgG (H+L) cross-absorbed secondary antibody, Alexa Fluor 555Life TechnologiesA-21428For ICC
Anti-sarcomeric alpha actinin [EA-53] antibodyAbcamab9465aSARC. For ICC
Goat anti-mouse IgM heavy chain cross-absorbed secondary antibody, Alexa Fluor 555Life TechnologiesA-21426For ICC
Mef2C (D80C1) XP rabbit antibodyNew England BioLabs Ltd.5030SFor ICC
Donkey anti-rabbit IgG (H+L) secondary antibody, Alexa Fluor 488Life TechnologiesA-21206For ICC
Anti-nuclei (HuNu) (clone 235-1) antibodyEMD MilliporeMAB1281For ICC
MZ9.5 StereomicroscopeLeicaFor imaging aggregates.
1.5 ml centrifuge microtubesAxygenMCT-150-CFor staining MSCs with fluorescent dye.
ImageJOpen source image processing software.
Aria II BDUHN SickKids FC Facility. For cell sorting.
Bone marrow mesechymal stromal cellsLonzaPT-2501BMSCs
Bovine serum albuminSigma-AldrichA7030-100GBSA. To prepare solutions for ICC
BrdUEMD MilliporeMAB3424Caution: BrdU is a strong teratogen and suspected mutagen. Please ensure proper training and refer to the SDS before use.
Canto IIBDUHN SickKids FC Facility. For flow cytometry.
cDNA EcoDry PremixClontech/Takara639570For preparation of cDNA for qPCR
CellTracker Green CMFDA DyeLife TechnologiesC7025Fluorescent imaging of cell cytoplasm
Countess automated cell counterInvitrogen Inc.C10227For cell counting
DMEM-F12Sigma-AldrichD6421For rat primary cardiomyocyte culture medium.
Dulbecco's Phosphate Buffered SalineGibco10010023D-PBS, without Ca2+, Mg2+
EVOSLife TechnologiesIn-house fluorescent microscope
FACSCaliburBDIn-house. For flow cytometry.
Fetal bovine serum (Hyclone)GE HealthcareSH3039603FBS. Component of cell culture medium.
IDT Prime Time qPCR probesIntegrated Data TechnologiesFAM fluorophorehttp://www.idtdna.com/pages/products/gene-expression/primetime-qpcr-assays-and-primers
Lab Vision PermaFluor Aqueous Mounting MediumThermoScientificTA-030-FMFor storage of cells to undergo ICC
LSR II BDUHN SickKids FC Facility. For flow cytometry.
MoFlo AstriosBeckman CoulterUHN SickKids FC Facility. For cell sorting.
Normal goat serumCell Signaling Technology5425SNGS. Used in blocking solution for ICC
Nunc Lab-Tek II Chamber Coverglass, 8-wellsThermo Scientific Nunc155409To prepare samples for ICC
OmniPur Triton X-100 SurfactantEMD Millipore9410-OPAs a component of permeabilizing solution when preparing cells for ICC
Paraformaldehyde, 16% Solution, EM GradeElectron Microscopy Sciences15710For fixing cells for ICC.
Penicillin/streptomycinGibco15140122Component of cell culture medium.
PrimersSigmaCustom Standard DNA Oligos, Desalted, 0.2 μmolCTnT_F: GGC AGC GGA AGA GGA TGC TGA A; CTnT_R: GAG GCA CCA AGT TGG GCA TGA ACG A; MYH6 F: GCA AAG TAC TGG ATG ACA CGC T; MYH6 R: GTC ATT GCT GAA ACC GAG AAT G
Quorum Spinning Disk ConfocalZeissSickKids Imaging Facility
ReproCardio hiPS cell derived cardiomyocytesReproCellRCD001NPositive control for qPCR
RNeasy mini kitQiagen74106To isolate RNA for qPCR
Rotor-Gene SYBR Green PCR KitQiagen204074For qPCR with master mix
RPMI 1640GibcoA1049101For MSC, monocyte coculture medium.
TaqMan qPCR primer assaysThermo Fisher Scientific4444556For qPCR
Trypan BlueLife TechnologiesT10282Staining of cells for viability and counting
TrypsinGibco272500108For cell dissociation
VolocityPerkin-ElmerVolocity 6.3Imaging software
0.2 μm pore filterThermo Fisher Scientific566-0020For sterilizing tissue culture media
HERAcell 150i CO2 IncubatorThermo Fisher Scientific51026410For incubating cells
Dulbecco's phosphate buffered salineSigma-AldrichD8537PBS. 1X, Without calcium chloride and magnesium chloride
ForcepsAlmedic7727-A10-704For handing rat heart. Can use any similar forceps.
ScissorsFine Science Tools14059-11For mincing rat heart. Curved scissors recommended.
50 mL tubeBD Falcon352070For collection during cardiomyocyte collection and general tissue culture procedures
15 mL tubeBD Falcon352096For general tissue culture procedures
6-well platesThermo Scientific NuncCA73520-906For tissue culture
10 cm tissue culture dishesCorning25382-428For aggregate formation
Axiovert 40C MicroscopeZeissFor bright-field imaging through out tissue culture and the rest of the protocol
70 μm cell strainerFisherbrand22363548To ensure a single cell suspension before flow cytometry or sorting
Triton X-100EMD Millipore9410-1LUsed in permeabilization solution for ICC
Hoechst 33342Thermo Fisher ScientificH1399Stain used during visualization of Cx43 localization

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