この作業は、NCIの賞5R01CA133229 - 03で部分的にサポートされていました。

1。動物の注射静脈尾静脈注射の前に、尾の皮膚は、殺菌の目的でイソプロピルアルコールスクラブで洗浄してください。ローデッドスペースを使用して遠位尾静脈を経由して½ CC U;マウスは、20 mgのヨウ素/ mLのヨウ素化さbloodpoolの造影剤の0.2 mL/20 G（カナダ、ON Binitoメディカル株式会社オタワ、エクシア160XL）を注入してください-100 28G ½インスリンシリンジ（製品番号329461、ベクトンディッキンソン社、ニュージャージー州、米国）。 2。動物の準備注射の10分後、動物はmicroCTイメージングのために準備する必要があります。最初に、動物は毎分2.5リットルの割合で100％酸素でイソフルランを2％使用してボックスで麻酔してください。眼の潤滑軟膏は、麻酔中に角膜の乾燥を防ぐために適用する必要があります。体温は37℃の熱パッドによって維持されるべきである。 3。 MicroCTイメージングマウスは、生​​きた動物のスキャンを実行することができるmicroCT単位でスキャンする必要があります。動きのアーチファクトと安定性を最小限に抑えるために、マウスは、空気と排気のための規定市販のマルチモダリティ室（Numiraバイオサイエンス、ソルトレイクシティ、ユタ州）に配置することができます。 microCTスキャン、ジェルパッド（ホットコールドセラピーブレース、CVSファーマシーウーンソケット、ロードアイランド）、ウォーマー足（熱の工場は、Vista、CA）またはThermipaqクレイパッド（熱イオン学、スプリングフィールド、イリノイ州）の間に動物の体温のエピソードを避けるためにすることができます使用。動物との直接接触を回避しながら37℃でマウスを維持するために泡のベッドの下にこれらの加熱パッドを置きます。このような体温、呼吸や心拍​​数などの動物のバイタルサインは、SAインスツルメンツ（ストーニーブルック、ニューヨーク州）などの小動物のモニタリングとゲーティングシステムを使用して監視する必要があります。 以下の撮像プロトコルは任意のmicroCTユニットに対して適切なスキャンパラメータを決定するためのガイドラインとして使用できます。この実験で使用されている動物は、遺伝子座（GEヘルスケア、ロンドン、オンタリオ州）を探索体積CTスキャナGEに93μmの解像度でスキャンされた。この体積スキャナはフェルトカムプコーンビーム再構成のために3500 X 1750のCCD検出器を使用しています。電流、電圧、および露光時間のプラットフォームに依存しないパラメータは、それぞれ、450μA、80 KVPと100ミリ秒で一定に保った。露光時間の標準的なパラメータは、ビューとビューの数あたりのフレーム数を変化させることができると約20分の合計スキャン時間を100ミリ秒、それぞれ5-8、および360から720まで、可能性があります。画像は、メーカー毎の独自のEVSBeamソフトウェアを使用して再建された。 4。画像レンダリング再構築されたmicroCTデータは高度な等値面、一次元、またはSeg3D画像処理ソフトウェアを使用して2次元伝達関数のレンダリング画像（Seg3D、使用することができます<a href="http://www.sci.utah.edu/cibc/software">http://www.sci.utah.edu/cibc/software</a> ）。 5。代表的な結果方法の項で説明した設定でeXIA160XLでスキャン野生型マウスの添付の図を参照してください。 <img src="/files/ftp_upload/2377/2377fig1.jpg" alt="図1" /> 図1。Seg3D画像処理ソフトウェア（Seg3D、使用して作成された野生型マウスの二次元伝達関数（2DTF）レンダリング画像<a href="http://www.sci.utah.edu/cibc/software">http://www.sci.utah.edu/cibc/softwareを</a> ）。動物はeXIA160XLを注入し、10分後の方法のセクションに記載されている設定で93μmのアイソメトリック解像度でスキャンmicroCT。 ビデオ1。360 ° Imagevis3D画像処理ソフトウェア（Imagevis3D、http://www.sci.utah.edu/cibc/software）を使用して作成された野生型マウスの回転の映画に基づいて二次元伝達関数（2DTF）レンダリング。動物はeXIA160XLを注入し、10分後の方法のセクションに記載されている設定で93μmのアイソメトリック解像度でスキャンmicroCT。 <a href="/files/ftp_upload/2377/2377_Suresh_Prajapati_Representative_Results.mov">ビデオを見るにはここをクリック</a>

<ol>
	<li>Holdsworth, D. W., Thornton, M. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Micro-CT+in+small+animal+and+specimen+imaging.">Micro-CT in small animal and specimen imaging.</a> Trends in Biotechnology. 20, 417-424 (2002).</li><li>Kindlmann, G. L., Weinstein, D. M., Jones, G. M., Johnson, C. R., Capecchi, M. R., Keller, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Practical+Vessel+Imaging+by+Computed+Tomography+in+Live+Transgenic+Mouse+Models+for+Human+Tumors.">Practical Vessel Imaging by Computed Tomography in Live Transgenic Mouse Models for Human Tumors.</a> Molecular Imaging. 4, 417-424 (2005).</li></ol>

すべての動物の手順は、実験動物の管理と使用に関するガイドラインに準拠して実施されたとサンアントニオのテキサス健康科学センターの大学の動物実験使用委員会（IACUC）によって承認された。

microCTを使用して造影血管イメージングのこの手法の一番の目的は、生きたマウスの血管網の分析のための高品質のデータセットを生成するための最適な方法を提供することである。 microCTイメージングのために、軟組織の優れた信号対雑音比は、ビューとビュー2あたりのフレーム数の増加数で長いスキャン時間によって実現されます。 船舶の識別は、骨からの?...

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<td>eXIA 160XL</td>
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contrast enhanced vessel imaging using microct

微視的なコンピュータ断層撮影（microCTは）小動物を生きたの解剖学の高解像度の体積のイメージングを提供しています。しかし、別の軟部組織や体液との間のコントラストは、マイクロCT画像を1に本質的に悪いです。このような状況下では、血管の可視化はほとんど不可能な仕事になります。これを克服し、血管外因性造影剤の可視化を改善するために使用することができます。ここで、我々は齧歯類モデルにおける血管網を可視化するための方法論を提示する。長時間作用型の水性コロイド多分散ヨウ素化された血液プール造影剤、エクシア160XLを使用することによって、我々は生きている動物で血管を見つけるための画像取得パラメーターとボリュームレンダリングの技術を最適化。今回の知見は、血管から骨と軟組織との間の優れたコントラストを実現するために、ことを示唆し、複数のフレーム（ビューごとに少なくとも5〜8 /フレーム）、および360から720ビュー（360度回転するための）買収は必須でした。我々はまた、解剖学を可視化し、関心、血管のネットワークの構造を強調するには、（ここで、ボクセルの色と不透明度をCT値と勾配の大きさに比例して割り当てられた）二次元伝達関数の使用を実証している。この有望な仕事は、トランスジェニックまたは異種移植片腫瘍担持マウスを用いた抗血管新生前臨床試験の定性的および定量的評価のための基盤となります。

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Contrast Enhanced Vessel Imaging using MicroCT at JoVE.com

Contrast Enhanced Vessel Imaging using MicroCT

microCTによる造影小動物の血管イメージングは​​、シリアルのための迅速かつコスト効率と高スループットのテクニックです<em&gt;その場で</em腫瘍の開発のため、それらを養う血管のネットワークを分析するため、および前臨床治療的介入（s）に腫瘍の応答に続くために&gt;試験。

MicroCTを使用して造影血管イメージング

Microscopic computed tomography (microCT) offers high-resolution volumetric imaging of the anatomy of living small animals. However, the contrast between ...

contrast-enhanced-vessel-imaging-using-microct

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

12.5K ビュー.  University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio. microCTによる造影小動物の血管イメージングは​​、シリアルのための迅速かつコスト効率と高スループットのテクニックですその場で試験。

ビデオ: Contrast Enhanced Vessel Imaging using MicroCT

In vivo Macrophage Imaging Using MR Targeted Contrast Agent for Longitudinal Evaluation of Septic Arthritis

Macrophages are key-cells in the initiation, the development and the regulation of the inflammatory response to bacterial infection. Macrophages are intensively and increasingly recruited in septic joints from the early phases of infection and the infiltration is supposed to regress once efficient removal of the pathogens is obtained. The ability to identify in vivo macrophage activity in an infected joint can therefore provide two main applications: early detection of acute synovitis and monitoring of therapy.
In vivo noninvasive detection of macrophages can be performed with magnetic resonance imaging using iron nanoparticles such as ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide (USPIO). After intravascular or intraarticular administration, USPIO are specifically phagocytized by activated macrophages, and, due to their magnetic properties, induce signal changes in tissues presenting macrophage infiltration. A quantitative evaluation of the infiltrate is feasible, as the area with signal loss (number of dark pixels) observed on gradient echo MR images after particles injection is correlated with the amount of iron within the tissue and therefore reflects the number of USPIO-loaded cells.
We present here a protocol to perform macrophage imaging using USPIO-enhanced MR imaging in an animal model of septic arthritis, allowing an initial and longitudinal in vivo noninvasive evaluation of macrophages infiltration and an assessment of therapy action.

In vivo Macrophage Imaging Using MR Targeted Contrast Agent for Longitudinal Evaluation of Septic Arthritis

We demonstrate how to perform macrophage MR imaging using ultrasmall superparamagnetic contrast agent (USPIO) in septic arthritis, allowing an initial and longitudinal in vivo non-invasive evaluation of macrophages infiltration and an assessment of therapy efficacy.

敗血症性関節炎の経時的評価のためにMRターゲット造影剤を用いたin vivoイメージングのマクロファージ

Macrophages are key-cells in the initiation, the development and the regulation of the inflammatory response to bacterial infection. Macrophages are ...

医学

MR Molecular Imaging of Prostate Cancer with a Small Molecular CLT1 Peptide Targeted Contrast Agent

Tumor extracellular matrix has abundance of cancer related proteins that can be used as biomarkers for cancer molecular imaging. In this work, we demonstrated effective MR cancer molecular imaging with a small molecular peptide targeted Gd-DOTA monoamide complex as a targeted MRI contrast agent specific to clotted plasma proteins in tumor stroma. We performed the experiment of evaluating the effectiveness of the agent for non-invasive detection of prostate tumor with MRI in a mouse orthotopic PC-3 prostate cancer model. The targeted contrast agent was effective to produce significant tumor contrast enhancement at a low dose of 0.03 mmol Gd/kg. The peptide targeted MRI contrast agent is promising for MR molecular imaging of prostate tumor.

To demonstrate MR cancer molecular imaging with a small peptide targeted MRI contrast agent specific to clotted plasma proteins in tumor stroma in a mouse prostate cancer model.

低分子CLT1ペプチド標的造影剤を用いて前立腺がんの分子イメージングのMR

Tumor extracellular  matrix has abundance of cancer related proteins that can be used as biomarkers  for cancer molecular imaging. In this work,  we ...

Chemotherapy-induced Vascular Toxicity - Real-time In vivo Imaging of Vessel Impairment

Certain classes of chemotherapies may exert acute vascular changes that may progress into long-term conditions that may predispose the patient to an increased risk of vascular morbidity.&#160;Yet, albeit&#160;the mounting clinical evidence, there is a paucity of clear studies of vascular toxicity and therefore the etiology of a heterogeneous group of vascular/cardiovascular disorders remains to be elucidated. Moreover, the mechanism that may underlie vascular toxicity can completely differ from the principles of chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity, which is related to direct myocyte injury. We have established a real-time, in vivo molecular imaging platform&#160;to evaluate&#160;the potential&#160;acute&#160;vascular toxicity of anti-cancer therapies.
We have set up a platform of in vivo, high-resolution molecular imaging&#160;in mice,&#160;suitable for visualizing vasculature within confined organs and reference blood vessels within the same individuals whereas each individual serve as its own control. Blood vessel walls were impaired after doxorubicin administration, representing a unique mechanism of vascular toxicity that may be the early event in end-organ injury. Herein, the method of fibered confocal fluorescent microscopy (FCFM) based imaging is described, which provides an innovative mode to understand physiological phenomena at the cellular and sub-cellular levels in animal subjects.

Chemotherapy-induced Vascular Toxicity - Real-time In vivo Imaging of Vessel Impairment

We herein describe the method of fibered confocal fluorescent microscopy (FCFM) based imaging, which provides an innovative mode to understand physiological phenomena at the cellular and sub-cellular levels in animal subjects.

化学療法誘発性血管毒性 - リアルタイム<em&gt;インビボ</em船舶減損の&gt;イメージング

Certain classes of chemotherapies may exert acute vascular changes that may progress into long-term conditions that may predispose the patient to an ...

Contrast Enhanced Ultrasound Imaging for Assessment of Spinal Cord Blood Flow in Experimental Spinal Cord Injury

Reduced spinal cord blood flow (SCBF) (i.e., ischemia) plays a key role in traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) pathophysiology and is accordingly an important target for neuroprotective therapies. Although several techniques have been described to assess SCBF, they all have significant limitations. To overcome the latter, we propose the use of real-time contrast enhanced ultrasound imaging (CEU). Here we describe the application of this technique in a rat contusion model of SCI. A jugular catheter is first implanted for the repeated injection of contrast agent, a sodium chloride solution of sulphur hexafluoride encapsulated microbubbles. The spine is then stabilized with a custom-made 3D-frame and the spinal cord dura mater is exposed by a laminectomy at ThIX-ThXII. The ultrasound probe is then positioned at the posterior aspect of the dura mater (coated with ultrasound gel). To assess baseline SCBF, a single intravenous injection (400 &#181;l) of contrast agent is applied to record its passage through the intact spinal cord microvasculature. A weight-drop device is subsequently used to generate a reproducible experimental contusion model of SCI. Contrast agent is re-injected 15 min following the injury to assess post-SCI SCBF changes. CEU allows for real time and in-vivo assessment of SCBF changes following SCI. In the uninjured animal, ultrasound imaging showed uneven blood flow along the intact spinal cord. Furthermore, 15 min post-SCI, there was critical ischemia at the level of the epicenter while SCBF remained preserved in the more remote intact areas. In the regions adjacent to the epicenter (both rostral and caudal), SCBF was significantly reduced. This corresponds to the previously described &#8220;ischemic penumbra zone&#8221;. This tool is of major interest for assessing the effects of therapies aimed at limiting ischemia and the resulting tissue necrosis subsequent to SCI.

Contrast Enhanced Ultrasound imaging is a reliable in-vivo tool for quantifying spinal cord blood flow in an experimental rat spinal cord injury model. This paper contains a comprehensive protocol for application of this technique in association with a contusion model of thoracic spinal cord injury.

実験的脊髄損傷における脊髄血流の評価のための強化された超音波画像コントラスト

Reduced spinal cord blood flow (SCBF) (i.e., ischemia) plays a key role in traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) pathophysiology and is accordingly an ...

Dynamic Contrast Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging of an Orthotopic Pancreatic Cancer Mouse Model

Dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) has been limitedly used for orthotopic pancreatic tumor xenografts due to severe respiratory motion artifact in the abdominal area. Orthotopic tumor models offer advantages over subcutaneous ones, because those can reflect the primary tumor microenvironment affecting blood supply, neovascularization, and tumor cell invasion. We have recently established a protocol of DCE-MRI of orthotopic pancreatic tumor xenografts in mouse models by securing tumors with an orthogonally bent plastic board to prevent motion transfer from the chest region during imaging. The pressure by this board was localized on the abdominal area, and has not resulted in respiratory difficulty of the animals. This article demonstrates the detailed procedure of orthotopic pancreatic tumor modeling using small animals and DCE-MRI of the tumor xenografts. Quantification method of pharmacokinetic parameters in DCE-MRI is also introduced. The procedure described in this article will assist investigators to apply DCE-MRI for orthotopic gastrointestinal cancer mouse models.

The goal of this protocol is to apply dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) for orthotopic pancreatic tumor xenografts in mice. DCE-MRI is a non-invasive method to analyze microvasculature in a target tissue, and useful to assess vascular response in a tumor following a novel therapy.

同所膵臓癌マウスモデルのダイナミックコントラスト強化磁気共鳴画像

Dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) has been limitedly used for orthotopic pancreatic tumor xenografts due to severe ...

Rose Bengal Photothrombosis by Confocal Optical Imaging In Vivo: A Model of Single Vessel Stroke

In vivo imaging techniques have increased in utilization due to recent advances in imaging dyes and optical technologies, allowing for the ability to image cellular events in an intact animal. Additionally, the ability to induce physiological disease states such as stroke in vivo increases its utility. The technique described herein allows for physiological assessment of cellular responses within the CNS following a stroke and can be adapted for other pathological conditions being studied. The technique presented uses laser excitation of the photosensitive dye Rose Bengal in vivo to induce a focal ischemic event in a single blood vessel. 
The video protocol demonstrates the preparation of a thin-skulled cranial window over the somatosensory cortex in a mouse for the induction of a Rose Bengal photothrombotic event keeping injury to the underlying dura matter and brain at a minimum. Surgical preparation is initially performed under a dissecting microscope with a custom-made surgical/imaging platform, which is then transferred to a confocal microscope equipped with an inverted objective adaptor. Representative images acquired utilizing this protocol are presented as well as time-lapse sequences of stroke induction. This technique is powerful in that the same area can be imaged repeatedly on subsequent days facilitating longitudinal in vivo studies of pathological processes following stroke.

Rose Bengal Photothrombosis by Confocal Optical Imaging In Vivo:  A Model of Single Vessel Stroke

Here, we describe a semi-invasive optical microscopy approach for the induction of a Rose Bengal photothrombotic clot in the somatosensory cortex of a mouse in vivo. The technical aspects of the imaging procedure are described from induction of a photothrombotic event to application and data collection.

共焦点光学イメージングによるローズベンガル光血栓<em&gt;インビボ</em&gt;：単一の容器ストロークのモデル

In vivo imaging techniques have increased in utilization due to recent advances in imaging dyes and optical technologies, allowing for the ability to ...

Combined Intravital Microscopy and Contrast-enhanced Ultrasonography of the Mouse Hindlimb to Study Insulin-induced Vasodilation and Muscle Perfusion

It has been demonstrated that insulin's vascular actions contribute to regulation of insulin sensitivity. Insulin's effects on muscle perfusion regulate postprandial delivery of nutrients and hormones to insulin-sensitive tissues. We here describe a technique for combining intravital microscopy (IVM) and contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) of the adductor compartment of the mouse hindlimb to simultaneously visualize muscle resistance arteries and perfusion of the microcirculation in vivo. Simultaneously assessing insulin's effect at multiple levels of the vascular tree is important to study relationships between insulin's multiple vasoactive effects and muscle perfusion. Experiments in this study were performed in mice. First, the tail vein cannula is inserted for the infusion of anesthesia, vasoactive compounds and ultrasound contrast agent (lipid-encapsulated microbubbles). Second, a small incision is made in the groin area to expose the arterial tree of the adductor muscle compartment. The ultrasound probe is then positioned at the contralateral upper hindlimb to view the muscles in cross-section. To assess baseline parameters, the arterial diameter is assessed and microbubbles are subsequently infused at a constant rate to estimate muscle blood flow and microvascular blood volume (MBV). When applied before and during a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp, combined IVM and CEUS allow assessment of insulin-induced changes of arterial diameter, microvascular muscle perfusion and whole-body insulin sensitivity. Moreover, the temporal relationship between responses of the microcirculation and the resistance arteries to insulin can be quantified. It is also possible to follow-up the mice longitudinally in time, making it a valuable tool to study changes in vascular and whole-body insulin sensitivity.

Insulin-induced vasodilation regulates muscle perfusion and increases the microvascular surface area (microvascular recruitment) available for solute exchange between blood and tissue interstitium. Combined intravital microscopy and contrast-enhanced ultrasonography is presented to simultaneously assess insulin&#39;s action at the larger vessels and the microcirculation in vivo.

インスリン依存性血管拡張や筋肉の血流を研究する生体顕微鏡観察とマウスの後肢の造影超音波検査

It has been demonstrated that insulin's vascular actions contribute to regulation of insulin sensitivity. Insulin's effects on muscle perfusion regulate ...

A Novel Approach to Overcome Movement Artifact When Using a Laser Speckle Contrast Imaging System for Alternating Speeds of Blood Microcirculation

The laser speckle contrast imager (LSCI) provides a powerful yet simple technique for measuring microcirculatory blood flow. Ideal for blood dynamic responses, the LSCI is used in the same way as a conventional Laser Doppler Imager (LDI). However, with a maximum skin depth of approximately 1 mm, the LSCI is designed to focus on mainly superficial blood flow. It is used to measure skin surface areas of up to 15 cm x 20 cm. The new technique introduced in this paper accounts for alternating speeds of microcirculations; i.e. both slow and fast flow flux measurement using the LSCI. The novel technique also overcomes LSCI&#39;s biggest shortcoming, which is high sensitivity to artifact movement. An adhesive opaque patch (AOP) is introduced for satisfactory recording of microcirculatory blood flow, by subtracting the LSCI signal from the AOP from the laser speckle skin signal. The optimal setting is also defined because the LSCI is most powerful when flux changes are measured relative to a reference baseline, with blood microcirculatory flux expressed as a percentage change from the baseline. These changes may be used for analyzing the status of the blood flow system.

This study introduces a novel technique for the measurement and analysis of alternating speeds of blood microcirculation in a single experiment using a laser speckle contrast imager.

血液循環の速度を交互にイメージング システム レーザー レーザースペックル コントラストを使用する場合、動きのアーチファクトを克服するために新たなアプローチ

The laser speckle contrast imager (LSCI) provides a powerful yet simple technique for measuring microcirculatory blood flow. Ideal for blood dynamic ...

Phase Contrast Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Rat Common Carotid Artery

Phase contrast magnetic resonance imaging (PC-MRI) is a noninvasive approach that can quantify flow-related parameters such as blood flow. Previous studies have shown that abnormal blood flow may be associated with systemic vascular risk. Thus, PC-MRI can facilitate the translation of data obtained from animal models of cardiovascular diseases to pertinent clinical investigations. In this report, we describe the procedure for measuring blood flow in the common carotid artery (CCA) of rats using cine-gated PC-MRI and discuss relevant analysis methods. This procedure can be performed in a live, anesthetized animal and does not require euthanasia after the procedure. The proposed scanning parameters yield repeatable measurements for blood flow, indicating excellent reproducibility of the results. The PC-MRI procedure described in this article can be used for pharmacological testing, pathophysiological assessment, and cerebral hemodynamics evaluation.

The overall goal of this procedure is to measure the blood flow in the rat common carotid artery by using noninvasive phase contrast magnetic resonance imaging.

ラットの総頸動脈で位相コントラスト磁気共鳴イメージング

Phase contrast magnetic resonance imaging (PC-MRI) is a noninvasive approach that can quantify flow-related parameters such as blood flow. Previous ...

Two-vessel Occlusion Mouse Model of Cerebral Ischemia-reperfusion

In this study, a middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion mouse model is employed to study cerebral ischemia-reperfusion. A reproducible and reliable mouse model is useful for investigating the pathophysiology of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion and determining potential therapeutic strategies for patients with stroke. Variations in the anatomy of the circle of Willis of C57BL/6 mice affects their infarct volume after cerebral-ischemia-induced injury. Studies have indicated that distal MCA occlusion (MCAO) can overcome this problem and result in a stable infarct size. In this study, we establish a two-vessel occlusion mouse model of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion through the interruption of the blood flow to the right MCA. We distally ligate the right MCA and right common carotid artery (CCA) and restore blood flow after a certain period of ischemia. This ischemia-reperfusion injury induces an infarct of stable size and a behavioral deficit. Peripheral immune cells infiltrate the ischemic brain within the 24 h infiltration period. Additionally, the neuronal loss in the cortical area is less for a longer reperfusion duration. Therefore, this two-vessel occlusion model is suitable for investigating the immune response and neuronal recovery during the reperfusion period after cerebral ischemia.

A mouse model of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion is established to investigate the pathophysiology of stroke. We distally ligate the right middle cerebral artery and right common carotid artery and restore blood flow after 10 or 40 min of ischemia.

2 血管閉塞マウス脳虚血・再灌流モデル

In this study, a middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion mouse model is employed to study cerebral ischemia-reperfusion. A reproducible and reliable mouse ...