本研究では、とエチコンバイオ外科手術、（株）米国ニュージャージー州&quot;ウィーンの街の主要な医学科学基金&quot;によってサポートされていました。著者は、教授ヒーバーフェラー-雷特、彼の貴重な顕微教育のためのウィーン、オーストリアの医科大学の&quot;マイクロサーと脳血行再建術に関する欧州ワークショップ&quot;のディレクターへの感謝を表明する。

1。ポジショニングと動物の作製実験は、責任ある地元の倫理委員会によって承認され、Felasaのガイドラインに従って行った。 <ol><li>雌ニュージーランドホワイトケタミンの筋肉内注射によるウサギ（2.5〜3.5キロ）（30mg/kg）とキシラジン（6mg/kg）の全身麻酔を開始し、（ガス麻酔による機械的な挿管（管径4mmの18ミリメートルの長さ）の後に続けるECGの監視下イソフルラン）。つま先のピンチを経由してすべての15分を痛みの監視を実行し、肯定応答の場合には麻酔を適応させる。 </li><li> bodywarmプレート上に仰臥位でウサギを修正。 </li><li>胸部の真ん中にダウン顎の角度から到達毛を除去することにより手術のための領域を準備します。滅菌条件下でのすべての手順を実行します。 </li></ol> 2。外頸静脈の準備<ol><li>胸骨柄の下顎の角度から正中切開を行います。 </li><li>手術用顕微鏡を使用して、静脈の枝せず、左外頸静脈の1cm長いセグメントを選択し（図1a）microsurgicallyそれを分離する。全体の動作中に頻繁に攣縮や局所感染を防ぐために、局所的に血管と吻合には4％papaverin HCl溶液と抗生物質溶液（ネオマイシン硫酸塩5mg/ml）を適用します。 </li><li> 4から0 polyfilamentの縫合（Vicryl、エチコン社、ニュージャージー州、米国）との近位と遠位静脈を連結し​​、それを切除すると（20ミリリットル0.9％生理食塩水と1ミリリットル4パーセントpapaverin HCl中で1000 IUのヘパリンヘパリン添加生理食塩水に保管してください）。 </li></ol> 3。両方の総頚動脈（CCAS）の調製<ol><li>大動脈弓下に頸動脈分岐部から到達左CCAのセグメントを準備します。可能な動脈枝が内側に実行し、喉頭や気管の構造だけでなく、すべての神経構造を提供する限り保持されます。 </li><li>右CCAを準備します。頸動脈分岐部に上下bracchiocephalicトランクにそれを動員する。 </li><li>静脈内1000 IUのヘパリンを投与する。 </li><li>ちょうど頸動脈分岐部の下に一時的に右CCAをクリップ。 </li><li>近位に直接腕頭動脈の上に右CCAをライゲーションする。合字の上に右CCAをカットし、ヘパリン添加生理食塩水で切り株を灌漑。 </li><li>右CCAの自由端に外膜をカットし、慎重に切除する。フリー細心の注意を払って左CCAのセグメントは、外膜の吻合を予定し、遠位と近位に、それをクリップ。 </li></ol> 4。両方CCASの吻合<ol><li>右CCAと静脈のポーチと計画された吻合の大きさに応じてクリップの間に左CCAの楕円形の動脈切開を行います。ヘパリン加生理食塩水で左CCAを灌漑。 （図1b） </li><li>四から五、非吸収性10から0モノフィラメント縫合糸（Ethilon 10から0まで、エチコン社、ニュージャージー州、米国）を使用して、左CCAの動脈切開に右CCA -切り株の後部周囲を縫合。 </li><li>静脈袋の半分円周に適応する権利CCAの切り株の長手方向のカットを行います。もう一度4から5 10から0縫合糸を使用して、左CCAの動脈切開を持つ最初の静脈のポーチの壁の後ろ側を吻合する。その後3〜4縫合糸と右CCAの裏面に静脈袋の裏面を吻合する。 （図1c） </li><li>前方側で同じ順序で吻合を行います。 （図1d） </li><li>右CCAで遠位のクリップを取り外します。動脈瘤は通常、完全に密封されていない、したがって、閉じ込められた空気とゴミを洗い流す。 </li><li>脂肪パッドとフィブリン糊（Evicel、エチコンバイオ外科手術社、ニュージャージー州、米国）との吻合前後縫合線と動脈瘤の首を密封する。残りのクリップを外します。 </li><li>中断皮下縫合用して、実行中の皮縫合のための4から0まで吸収性縫合糸（Monocryl、エチコン社、ニュージャージー州、米国）を使用してください。 </li></ol> 5。術後管理<ol><li>静脈内投与10 mg / kgのアセチルサリチル酸、および皮下60ミリリットルの5％ブドウ糖を投与する。 </li><li> 72時間の間に効果的な鎮痛のための動物の剃毛頸部で12.5μgの/時間を解放経皮フェンタニルのマトリックスパッチを適用します。 </li><li> 2週間毎日皮下250 IU / kgの低分子ヘパリンを投与する。 </li></ol> 6。代表的な結果： 手順が適切に行われた場合、動脈瘤は、特許のままになりますし、動物は約3日以内に回復します。我々の経験では撮像法は、一週間後に最低でも行われる必要があります。そうでなければ、動物はおそらく手続きを容認しませんし、失われる可能性があります。塞栓術のために我々は、補完を保証するために約4週間を待つことをお勧めします著者は動脈瘤の85.7パーセントの開存性と彼らの最近発表されたシリーズの無死亡に至る可能性の提示の技術および管理をneck.Using動脈瘤のTE内皮化。14 20％までの報告された腸管合併症の率が高いを最小限に抑えるために、12我々が提供さルーチン24時間analgesia.This激化管理と比較して72時間の鎮痛の長期術後鎮痛管理がない胃の合併症をもたらした。積極的な抗凝固療法の管理には十分な動脈瘤の開存率に到達することが重要です。これはグルンワルドらの調査結果と一緒に行く。複合抗凝固療法の肯定的な効果を示す。17ため積極的な抗凝固療法のそれは、吻合部の効果的なシーリングを持つことが重要です。我々は新しいフィブリン糊（Evicel、エチコンバイオ外科手術社、ニュージャージー州、米国）を使用して非常に良い経験をしました。さらに私たちはしばしば過体重の被験者に関連している私たちの経験の合併症のように、小さなウサギを（最大3.5キロ）を使用することをお勧めします。

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S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Creation+of+four+experimental+aneurysms+with+different+hemodynamics+in+one+dog.">Creation of four experimental aneurysms with different hemodynamics in one dog.</a> AJNR. 26, 1764-1767 (2005).</li><li>Abruzzo, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Histologic+and+morphologic+comparison+of+experimental+aneurysms+with+human+intracranial+aneurysms.">Histologic and morphologic comparison of experimental aneurysms with human intracranial aneurysms.</a> AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 19, 1309-1314 (1998).</li><li>Bavinzski, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Experimental+bifurcation+aneurysm:+a+model+for+in+vivo+evaluation+of+endovascular+techniques.">Experimental bifurcation aneurysm: a model for in vivo evaluation of endovascular techniques.</a> Minim Invasive Neurosurg. 41, 129-132 (1998).</li><li>Spetzger, U. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Microsurgically+produced+bifurcation+aneurysms+in+a+rabbit+model+for+endovascular+coil+embolization.">Microsurgically produced bifurcation aneurysms in a rabbit model for endovascular coil embolization.</a> J Neurosurg. 85, 488-495 (1996).</li><li>Sherif, C., Marbacher, S., Erhardt, S., Fandino, J., J, . <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Improved+microsurgical+creation+of+venous-pouch+arterial-bifurcation+aneurysms+in+rabbits.">Improved microsurgical creation of venous-pouch arterial-bifurcation aneurysms in rabbits.</a> AJNR. , .</li><li>Marbacher, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Complex+Bi-Lobular,+Bi-Saccular,+and+Broad-Necked+Microsurgical+Aneurysms+Formation+in+the+Rabbit+Bifurcation+Model+for+the+Study+of+Upcoming+Endovascular+Techniques.">Complex Bi-Lobular, Bi-Saccular, and Broad-Necked Microsurgical Aneurysms Formation in the Rabbit Bifurcation Model for the Study of Upcoming Endovascular Techniques.</a> AJNR. , .</li><li>Sherif, C., Plenk, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Quantitative+angiographic+and+histopathologic+evaluation+of+experimental+aneurysms.">Quantitative angiographic and histopathologic evaluation of experimental aneurysms.</a> AJNR. , .</li><li>Grunwald, I. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Anticoagulation+regimes+and+their+influence+on+the+occlusion+rate+of+aneurysms:+an+experimental+study+in+rabbits.">Anticoagulation regimes and their influence on the occlusion rate of aneurysms: an experimental study in rabbits.</a> Neurosurg. 57, 1048-1054 (2005).</li><li>Forrest, M. D., O'Reilly, G. V. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Production+of+experimental+aneurysms+at+a+surgically+created+arterial+bifurcation.">Production of experimental aneurysms at a surgically created arterial bifurcation.</a> AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 10, 400-402 (1989).</li></ol>

利害の衝突は宣言されません。

著者らは、思いやりに良い結果と特許の動脈瘤を達成するために、以下の重要な外科手術のキーの手順をお勧めします。 <ol><li>神経と小血管の破壊することなく簡単に吻合するため、左CCAの長いセグメントを慎重に解剖。 </li><li>前の吻合の作成に非常に血栓外膜周囲の線維組織を慎重に除去。 </li><li>張力のない吻合の作成。 </li><li>より少ない縫合糸：以前提案された手順と比較して、裏...

<table border="1"><tbody><tr><th>試薬の名前</th><th>会社</th><th>カタログ番号</th><th>コメント</th></tr><tr><td> Vicryl4 - 0 polyfilament元通りに縫合</td><td>エチコン社</td><td> J386H </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> Ethilon 10から0 monofil非吸収性縫合糸</td><td>エチコン社</td><td> 2814 </td><td>テーパーポイントの針</td></tr><tr><td> Evicel Bioglue </td><td>エチコンバイオ外科手術（株） </td><td> 3901 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td>フェンタニル経皮パッチ12.5μgの/ hの</td><td></td><td></td><td>どんなgenericon </td></tr><tr><td>ヘパリン</td><td></td><td></td><td>どんなgenericon </td></tr><tr><td> 0.9％生理食塩水</td><td></td><td></td><td>どんなgenericon </td></tr><tr><td> 4パーセントPapaverin塩酸</td><td></td><td></td><td>どんなgenericon </td></tr><tr><td>ネオマイシン硫酸塩5 mg / mlの</td><td></td><td></td><td>どんなgenericon </td></tr><tr><td>ケタミン50mg/ml </td><td></td><td></td><td>どんなgenericon </td></tr><tr><td>キシラジン20mg/ml </td><td></td><td></td><td>どんなgenericon </td></tr></tbody></table>

microsurgical venous pouch arterial-bifurcation aneurysms in the rabbit model: technical aspects

破裂人間の脳動脈瘤のために血管内塞栓術は動脈瘤のクリッピングに相当する代替手段となっています。1しかし、大規模臨床試験は、動脈瘤の再疎通と遅延動脈瘤の破裂の受け入れ率が高いと期待はずれの長期的な結果を示している。2これらの問題を克服するために、動物実験的研究より血管内デバイスの開発に不可欠である。3-5 ラット、ウサギ、イヌおよびブタにおけるいくつかの動物モデルが用意されています。異なる動物モデルの6-8の比較は、血行動態と血液凝固系の比較可能性と費用対効果に関して、ウサギのモデルの優位性を示した。9-11 ウサギにおける静脈袋動脈分岐部のモデルは、両方の総頸動脈（CCA）の人工的に作られた真の分岐に縫合静脈袋によって形成される。このモデルの主な利点は、真のbifurcational血行動態です。12の主要な欠点は、最大50％のSOFAR高い顕微技術的な要求と高い罹患率と死亡率である。13これらの制限は、最近ではこの動脈瘤モデルのあまり頻繁に使用されている結果になった年。これらの欠点が改善された外科的処置で克服し、周術期および術後鎮痛管理と抗凝固療法を変更することができます。14から16まで私たちの技術は動脈分岐部動脈瘤の顕微作成のためのこの最適化技術を実証するこのホワイトペーパーで報告。

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Microsurgical Venous Pouch Arterial-Bifurcation Aneurysms in the Rabbit Model: Technical Aspects at JoVE.com

Microsurgical Venous Pouch Arterial-Bifurcation Aneurysms in the Rabbit Model: Technical Aspects

分岐人間の脳動脈瘤を模倣する動脈分岐部動脈瘤の顕微作成のための最適化手法が説明されています。静脈のポーチは、両方の総頚動脈の人工的に作られた真の分岐部に縫合する。容易に顕微技術と積極的な術後の抗凝固療法と鎮痛が最小化罹患率と高い動脈瘤の開存率につながる。

ウサギモデルにおける顕微静脈ポーチ動脈 - 分岐瘤：技術的側面

For ruptured human cerebral aneurysms endovascular embolization has become an equivalent alternative to aneurysm clipping.1 However, large clinical trials ...

microsurgical-venous-pouch-arterial-bifurcation-aneurysms-rabbit

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

13.9K ビュー.  Hospital Rudolfstiftung. 分岐人間の脳動脈瘤を模倣する動脈分岐部動脈瘤の顕微作成のための最適化手法が説明されています。静脈のポーチは、両方の総頚動脈の人工的に作られた真の分岐部に縫合する。容易に顕微技術と積極的な術後の抗凝固療法と鎮痛が最小化罹患率と高い動脈瘤の開存率につながる。

ビデオ: Microsurgical Venous Pouch Arterial-Bifurcation Aneurysms in the Rabbit Model: Technical Aspects

Technical Aspects of the Mouse Aortocaval Fistula

Technical aspects of creating an arteriovenous fistula in the mouse are discussed. Under general anesthesia, an abdominal incision is made, and the aorta and inferior vena cava (IVC) are exposed. The proximal infrarenal aorta and the distal aorta are dissected for clamp placement and needle puncture, respectively. Special attention is paid to avoid dissection between the aorta and the IVC. After clamping the aorta, a 25 G needle is used to puncture both walls of the aorta into the IVC. The surrounding connective tissue is used for hemostatic compression. Successful creation of the AVF will show pulsatile arterial blood flow in the IVC. Further confirmation of successful AVF can be achieved by post-operative Doppler ultrasound.

The goal is to produce an arteriovenous fistula that is simple and reproducible. This method does not use sutures or glue adhesive. Therefore the samples can be used with the least amount of foreign materials for analysis.

マウスAortocaval瘻の技術的な側面

Technical aspects of creating an arteriovenous fistula in the mouse are discussed. Under general anesthesia, an abdominal incision is made, and the aorta ...

医学

The Helsinki Rat Microsurgical Sidewall Aneurysm Model

Experimental saccular aneurysm models are necessary for testing novel surgical and endovascular treatment options and devices before they are introduced into clinical practice. Furthermore, experimental models are needed to elucidate the complex aneurysm biology leading to rupture of saccular aneurysms.
Several different kinds of experimental models for saccular aneurysms have been established in different species. Many of them, however, require special skills, expensive equipment, or special environments, which limits their widespread use. A simple, robust, and inexpensive experimental model is needed as a standardized tool that can be used in a standardized manner in various institutions.
The microsurgical rat abdominal aortic sidewall aneurysm model combines the possibility to study both novel endovascular treatment strategies and the molecular basis of aneurysm biology in a standardized and inexpensive manner. Standardized grafts by means of shape, size, and geometry are harvested from a donor rat&#39;s descending thoracic aorta and then transplanted to a syngenic recipient rat. The aneurysms are sutured end-to-side with continuous or interrupted 9-0 nylon sutures to the infrarenal abdominal aorta.
We present step-by-step procedural instructions, information on necessary equipment, and discuss important anatomical and surgical details for successful microsurgical creation of an abdominal aortic sidewall aneurysm in the rat.

Microsurgical sidewall aneurysms in rats are created by end-to-side anastomosis of an aortic graft to the abdominal aorta. We present step-by-step instructions and discuss anatomical and surgical details for successful experimental saccular aneurysm creation.

ヘルシンキラット顕微側壁動脈瘤モデル

Experimental saccular aneurysm models are necessary for testing novel surgical and endovascular treatment options and devices before they are introduced ...

The Rabbit Blood-shunt Model for the Study of Acute and Late Sequelae of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: Technical Aspects

Early brain injury and delayed cerebral vasospasm both contribute to unfavorable outcomes after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Reproducible and controllable animal models that simulate both conditions are presently uncommon. Therefore, new models are needed in order to mimic human pathophysiological conditions resulting from SAH.
This report describes the technical nuances of a rabbit blood-shunt SAH model that enables control of intracerebral pressure (ICP). An extracorporeal shunt is placed between the arterial system and the subarachnoid space, which enables examiner-independent SAH in a closed cranium. Step-by-step procedural instructions and necessary equipment are described, as well as technical considerations to produce the model with minimal mortality and morbidity. Important details required for successful surgical creation of this robust, simple and consistent ICP-controlled SAH rabbit model are described.

The experimental intracranial pressure-controlled blood shunt subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) model in the rabbit combines the standard procedures &#8212; subclavian artery cannulation and transcutaneous cisterna magna puncture, which enables close mimicking of human pathophysiological conditions after SAH. We present step-by-step instructions and discuss key surgical points for successful experimental SAH creation.

くも膜下出血の急性および後期後遺症の研究のためのウサギの血液シャントモデル：技術的側面

Early brain injury and delayed cerebral vasospasm both contribute to unfavorable outcomes after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Reproducible and ...

A Murine Model of Arterial Restenosis: Technical Aspects of Femoral Wire Injury

Cardiovascular disease caused by atherosclerosis is the leading cause of death in the developed world. Narrowing of the vessel lumen, due to atherosclerotic plaque development or the rupturing of established plaques, interrupts normal blood flow leading to various morbidities such as myocardial infarction and stroke. In the clinic endovascular procedures such as angioplasty are commonly performed to reopen the lumen. However, these treatments inevitably damage the vessel wall as well as the vascular endothelium, triggering an excessive healing response and the development of a neointimal plaque that extends into the lumen causing vessel restenosis (re-narrowing). Restenosis remains a major cause of failure of endovascular treatments for atherosclerosis. Thus, preclinical animal models of restenosis are vitally important for investigating the pathophysiological mechanisms as well as translational approaches to vascular interventions. Among several murine experimental models, femoral artery wire injury is widely accepted as the most suitable for studies of post-angioplasty restenosis because it closely resembles the angioplasty procedure that injures both endothelium and vessel wall. However, many researchers have difficulty utilizing this model due to its high degree of technical difficulty. This is primarily because a metal wire needs to be inserted into the femoral artery, which is approximately three times thinner than the wire, to generate sufficient injury to induce prominent neointima. Here, we describe the essential surgical details to effectively overcome the major technical difficulties of this model. By following the presented procedures, performing the mouse femoral artery wire injury becomes easier. Once familiarized, the whole procedure can be completed within 20 min.

The mouse femoral artery wire injury model of restenosis is technically challenging. In this protocol we show the key technical details essential for successfully performing wire injury to induce consistent&#160;neointima for studies of restenosis.

動脈再狭窄のマウスモデル：大腿ワイヤー傷害の技術的な側面

Cardiovascular disease caused by atherosclerosis is the leading cause of death in the developed world. Narrowing of the vessel lumen, due to ...

Isometric Contractility Measurement of the Mouse Mesenteric Artery Using Wire Myography

The wire myograph technique is used to assess the contractility of vascular smooth muscles in response to depolarization, GPCR agonists/inhibitors and drugs. It is widely used in many studies on the physiological functions of vascular smooth muscle, the pathogenesis of vascular diseases such as hypertension, and the development of smooth muscle relaxant drugs. The mouse is a widely used model animal with a large pool of disease models and genetically modified strains. We introduced this method to measure the isometric contraction of mouse mesenteric artery in detail. A 1.4-mm segment of mouse mesenteric resistance artery was isolated and mounted on a myograph chamber by passing two steel wires through its lumen. After equilibration and normalization steps, the vessel segment was potentiated by a high-K+ solution twice prior to the contraction assay. As an example of the application of this method in drug development, we measured the relaxant effect of a novel natural substance, neoliensinine, isolated from a Chinese herb, embryos of the lotus seed (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.) on mouse mesenteric arteries. The vessel segments mounted on the myograph chamber were stimulated with a high-K+ solution. When the force tension reached a stable sustained phase, cumulative doses of neoliensinine were added to the chamber. We found that neoliensinine had a dose-dependent relaxant effect on smooth muscle contraction, thus suggesting that it bears potential activity against hypertension. In addition, as the vessel segment can survive at least 4 hours after mounting and maintain contractility induced by the high-K+ solution for many times, we suggest that the wire myograph system may be used for the time-consuming process of drug screening.

The wire myograph technique is used to investigate vascular smooth muscle functions and screen new drugs. We report a detailed protocol for measuring the isometric contractility of the mouse mesenteric artery and for screening new relaxants of vascular smooth muscle.

ワイヤー図法を使用してマウスの腸間膜動脈の等尺性収縮力測定

The wire myograph technique is used to assess the contractility of vascular smooth muscles in response to depolarization, GPCR agonists/inhibitors and ...

Transthoracic Echocardiographic Examination in the Rabbit Model

Large animal models such as the rabbit are valuable for translational preclinical research. Rabbits have a similar cardiac electrophysiology compared to that of humans and that of other large animal models such as dogs and pigs. However, the rabbit model has the additional advantage of lower maintenance costs compared to other large animal models. The longitudinal evaluation of cardiac function using echocardiography, when appropriately implemented, is a useful methodology for preclinical assessment of novel therapies for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (e.g. cardiac regeneration). The correct use of this non-invasive tool requires the implementation of a standardized examination protocol following international guidelines. Here we describe, step by step, a detailed protocol supervised by veterinary cardiologists for performing echocardiography in the rabbit model, and demonstrate how to correctly obtain the different echocardiographic views and imaging planes, as well as the different imaging modes available in a clinical echocardiography system routinely used in human and veterinary patients.

Here we describe, step by step, a detailed protocol for performing echocardiography in the rabbit model. We show how to correctly obtain the different echocardiographic views and imaging planes, as well as the different imaging modes available in a clinical echocardiography system routinely used in human and veterinary patients.

ウサギモデルにおける経胸部心エコー検査

Large animal models such as the rabbit are valuable for translational preclinical research. Rabbits have a similar cardiac electrophysiology compared to ...

A Rabbit Venous Interposition Model Mimicking Revascularization Surgery using Vein Grafts to Assess Intimal Hyperplasia under Arterial Blood Pressure

Although vein grafts have been commonly used as autologous grafts in revascularization surgeries for ischemic diseases, the long-term patency remains poor because of the acceleration of intimal hyperplasia due to the exposure to arterial blood pressure. The present protocol is designed for the establishment of experimental venous intimal hyperplasia by interposing rabbit jugular veins to the ipsilateral carotid arteries. The protocol does not require surgical procedures deep in the body trunk and the extent of the incision is limited, which is less invasive for the animals, allowing long-term observation after implantation. This simple procedure enables researchers to investigate strategies to attenuate the progression of intimal hyperplasia of the implanted vein grafts. Using this protocol, we reported the effects transduction of microRNA-145 (miR-145), which is known to control the phenotype of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) from the proliferative to the contractile state, into harvested vein grafts. We confirmed the attenuation of intimal hyperplasia of vein grafts by transducing miR-145 before implantation surgery through the phenotype change of the VSMCs. Here we report a less invasive experimental platform to investigate the strategies that can be used to attenuate intimal hyperplasia of vein grafts in revascularization surgeries.

The present protocol aims to experimentally create venous intimal hyperplasia by subjecting veins to arterial blood pressure for developing strategies to attenuate venous intimal hyperplasia following revascularization surgery using vein grafts.

静脈移植を用いた血管形成術を模したウサギ静脈間位置モデルによる動脈血圧下の内膜過形成の評価

Although vein grafts have been commonly used as autologous grafts in revascularization surgeries for ischemic diseases, the long-term patency remains poor ...

Creation of Two Saccular Elastase-Digested Aneurysms with Different Hemodynamics in One Rabbit

Preclinical animal models with hemodynamic, morphologic, and histologic characteristics close to human intracranial aneurysms play a key role in the understanding of the pathophysiological processes and the development and testing of new therapeutic strategies. This study aims to describe a new rabbit aneurysm model that allows the creation of two elastase-digested saccular aneurysms with different hemodynamic conditions within the same animal.
Five female New Zealand white rabbits with a mean weight of 4.0 (&#177; 0.3) kg and mean age of 25 (&#177;5) weeks underwent microsurgical stump and bifurcation aneurysm creation. One aneurysm (stump) was created by right common carotid artery (CCA) exposure at its origin at the brachiocephalic trunk. A temporary clip was applied at the CCA origin and another, 2 cm above. This segment was treated with a local injection of 100 U of elastase for 20 min. A second aneurysm (bifurcation) was created by suturing an elastase-treated arterial pouch into the end-to-side anastomosis of the right CCA to left CCA. Patency was controlled by fluorescence angiography immediately after creation.
The average duration of surgery was 221 min. The creation of two aneurysms in the same animal was successful in all rabbits without complication. All aneurysms were patent immediately after surgery except for one bifurcation aneurysm, which showed an extreme tissue reaction due to elastase incubation and an immediate intraluminal thrombosis. No mortality was observed during surgery and up to one-month follow-up. Morbidity was limited to a transient vestibular syndrome (one rabbit), which recovered spontaneously within one day.
Demonstrated here for the first time is the feasibility of creating a two-aneurysm rabbit model with stump and bifurcation hemodynamic characteristics and highly degenerated wall conditions. This model allows the study of the natural course and potential treatment strategies on the basis of aneurysm biology under different flow conditions.

This protocol describes the steps for the creation of a rabbit model with two elastase-digested aneurysms with different hemodynamics (stump and bifurcation constellation). This allows the testing of novel endovascular devices in aneurysms with different angioarchitecture and hemodynamic conditions within a single animal.

1匹のウサギにおける血行動態の異なる嚢状エラスターゼ消化動脈瘤の作製

Preclinical animal models with hemodynamic, morphologic, and histologic characteristics close to human intracranial aneurysms play a key role in the ...

Isolated Lung Perfusion System in the Rabbit Model

The isolated lung perfusion system has been widely used in pulmonary research, contributing to elucidate the lungs&#39; inner workings, both micro and macroscopically. This technique is useful in the characterization of pulmonary physiology and pathology by measuring metabolic activities and respiratory functions, including interactions between circulatory substances and the effects of inhaled or perfused substances, as in drug testing. While in vitro methods involve the slicing and culturing of tissues, the isolated ex vivo lung perfusion system allows to work with a complete functional organ making possible the study of a continuous physiological function while recreating ventilation and perfusion. However, it should be noted that the effects of the absence of central innervation and lymphatic drainage still have to be fully assessed. This protocol aims to describe the assembly of the isolated lung apparatus, followed by the surgical extraction and cannulation of lungs and heart from experimental lab animals, as well as to display the perfusion technique and signal processing of data. The average viability of the isolated lung ranges between 5-8 h; during this period, the pulmonary capillary permeability increases, causing edema and lung injury. The functionality of preserved pulmonary tissue is measured by the capillary filtration coefficient (Kfc), used to determine the extent of pulmonary edema through time.

The isolated rabbit lung preparation is a gold standard tool in pulmonary research. This publication aims to describe the technique as developed for the study of physiological and pathological mechanisms involved in airway reactivity, lung preservation, and preclinical research in lung transplantation and pulmonary edema.

ウサギモデルにおける孤立した肺灌流システム

The isolated lung perfusion system has been widely used in pulmonary research, contributing to elucidate the lungs&#39; inner workings, both micro and ...

A Rabbit Aortic Valve Stenosis Model Induced by Direct Balloon Injury

Animal models are emerging as an important tool to understand the pathologic mechanisms underlying aortic valve stenosis (AVS) because of the lack of access to reliable sources of diseased human aortic valves. Among the various animal models, AVS rabbit models are one of the most commonly used in large animal studies. However, traditional AVS rabbit models require a long-term period of dietary supplementation and genetic manipulation to induce significant stenosis in the aortic valve, limiting their use in experimental studies. To address these limitations, a new AVS rabbit model is proposed, in which stenosis is induced by a direct balloon injury to the aortic valve. The present protocol describes a successful technique for inducing AVS in New Zealand white (NZW) rabbits, with step-by-step procedures for the preparation, the surgical procedure, and the post-operative care. This simple and reproducible model offers a promising approach for studying the initiation and progression of AVS and provides a valuable tool for investigating the underlying pathological mechanisms of the disease.

An appropriate animal model is needed to understand the pathologic mechanisms underlying aortic valve stenosis (AVS) and to evaluate the efficacy of therapeutic interventions. The present protocol describes a new procedure for developing the AVS rabbit model via a direct balloon injury in vivo.

直接バルーン損傷によるウサギ大動脈弁狭窄モデル

Animal models are emerging as an important tool to understand the pathologic mechanisms underlying aortic valve stenosis (AVS) because of the lack of ...