サポート：NIDCD R01DC009801、P30DC010362、5T32DC000040-17

倫理声明：このプロトコルでのヒト腫瘍標本の使用は、アイオワ大学施設内倫理委員会（IRB）により承認された。 1。セットアップ腫瘍収穫前日<ol><li>コー​​ト細胞培養プレート：無菌培養フードにおいては、蓋を交換し、ポリスチレン/プラスチック培養ウェル/皿の底を覆うのに十分なポリ-L-オルニチン（0.01％溶液）を添加し、少なくとも室温で放置2時間。ガラススライドまたはカバースリップを画像化を必要とする実験のためのポリスチレンの代わりに用いることができる。 </li><li> 2時間後、吸引しながらポリ-L-オルニチン溶液を除去し、プレートを無菌培養フードで完全に乾燥させます。十分なラミニン液追加（約2で10μg/ mlのを+ / Mg 2 +を含まないHBSS [HBSS-/ - ]）は、完全に培養プレートをカバーするために、蓋を交換し、一晩冷却4℃の冷蔵庫で1）どちらかで、または2）少なくとも2時間、37℃のインキュベーター内に置く。もしプレート一晩以上保存され、蒸発/乾燥を防ぐためにプラスチックラップでプレートをラップ。 </li></ol> 2。セットアップ腫瘍収穫の日<ol><li>準備文化メディア：メディアは、腫瘍の収穫と加工の日に新しく作られ、4℃で保存し、直前のメディアの追加/変更内容をインキュベーター内で37℃に加温する。 </li><li>神経鞘腫培養培地は、0.1 mg / mlのペニシリンおよび0.1 mg / mlのストレプトマイシン（フェノールレッドを含む）（4.5 mg / ml）をDMEM高グルコースであり; N2メディアは、最終希釈1:100を補足;ウシインスリン5μg/ mlの;ウシ胎児血清10％の全量。 0.22μmのフィルターを介してすべてのメディアをフィルタリングします。 </li><li>検体搬送クーラーを準備します。手術室に2 +（HBSS + / +）のCa 2 + / Mgを25ミリリットルのHBSS、滅菌50mlコニカルチューブ（収穫されるために、腫瘍の量に応じて）1-2氷いっぱいのクーラーを送信腫瘍サンプル移送や輸送のため。 </li><li>個人ラージヒルを準備しますidual腫瘍解離チューブ - 無菌2ミリリットルを氷上のHBSS + / +および場所の1ミリリットル丸底チューブを埋める。 （チューブ腫瘍サンプルの鋭い切開/解離のために使用される）。 </li><li>解離のために、採取した組織のあらゆる0.5センチメートル3約1解離のチューブを準備し;例えば、1.0×1.0×1.0センチメートル（1センチメートル3）を測定する腫瘍標本は2 HBSS + / +解離チューブが必要になります。 </li><li>紫外線殺菌：場所組織はさみ、小さな鉗子、メスハンドル、1X通常のペトリ皿、P1000ピペット、および無菌培養フード内のピペットチップ、および前腫瘍組織の到着と処理に約15分間、紫外線下のまま。 </li></ol> 3。試料の単離と交通<ol><li>外科的切除によって腫瘍検体を分離します。 </li><li>すぐに患者から取り出した後、可能な限り迅速に氷冷HBSS + / +に腫瘍標本を配置。一度すべてTISSU電子サンプルは、さらなる処理のために実験室に作動劇場​​から、（氷上で）トランスポート·サンプルを収集する。 </li></ol> 4。組織解離と粉砕して<ol><li>次の層流フード内の標準無菌、培養フードへの腫瘍検体とコニカルチューブを持参し、チューブおよび腫瘍50Xを反転させた試料を洗う。断片はチューブの底に落としておくことができ、その後、HBSS + / +を削除してください。 30ミリリットルのHBSS + / +を補充し、50Xが再び反転/攪拌する。 4Xの合計反転/メディアの削除を繰り返します。 </li><li>再懸 ​​濁30ミリリットルのHBSS + / +における腫瘍断片最後に、その後0.5センチメートル3グループにsterile100ミリメートルペトリ皿に混合物を注ぐと、独立した腫瘍。大きな腫瘍断片が発生した場合は、より小さな断片に切断するために、組織のはさみや小刀（＃11または＃15ブレード）を使用します。 </li><li>個々のHBSSが+ / +いっぱいに0.5センチメートル3組織グループを配置するために鉗子を使用し、2ミリリットルの丸底円錐すべての氷の上のAl管。 「スノーグローブ」の外観（ 図1）を有するべきでサブ1ミリメートル断片-懸濁液中に腫瘍断片をミンチするために組織のはさみを使用してください。フラグメントの大半はサブ1ミリメートルであるだけになるまで腫瘍をミンチ。腫瘍サンプルではありません &#39;オーバーミンチ」を行う。氷の上に戻って完全に組織細片チューブを配置し、すべての追加の試料管を繰り返します。 </li><li>シングル15ミリリットルコニカルチューブにすべての断片化された腫瘍サンプルを転送します。カット/変更された無菌の先端とP1000ピペットは、このステップに適しています。 /必ず全ての腫瘍サンプルは15mlチューブに集めてきたように2ミリリットル解離管をすすぐフラッシュするために余分なHBSS + / +を使用してください。 5分間73×gで、23℃で遠心分離器で混合をスピンダウン。 </li><li>細胞ペレットを残し、HBSS + / +をオフに吸引する。 0.25％トリプシンとの1:1混合物中で再懸濁断片（HBSS-/に溶かし - ） - 0.2％コラゲナーゼタイトのsuに腫瘍断片を維持するためにちょうど十分な投稿spension。スクリュートップを交換し、そして30分間37℃のインキュベーター内の場所。懸濁液中の断片を保つために、インキュベーション中に少なくとも1回細胞混合物を攪拌する。このときにも、それを暖めるためにインキュベーターに神経鞘腫の培養培地を配置します。 </li><li>インキュベーション後、23°C、5分間73×gでトリプシンを不活性化するために各チューブに100μlのFBSを追加し、遠心分離試料。ピペットを用いて、慎重に細胞ペレットを乱すことなく、できるだけ多くの上清を吸引する。腫瘍断片を1mlがある場合に温めた2mlに加える、例えば培養培地（1:2腫瘍断片の最終比に腫瘍断片に温めた培養培地（N2/insulin/5％FBS）を追加メディア）。 </li><li>約1〜2の直径にP1000のピペットチップの外先端部を切断することにより、腫瘍のチュレーションの準備をします。あなたが簡単にunaltを通じてソリューションをピペットでできるようになるまで、ゆっくりと、徐々に小さくしてより小さな直径のピペットチップを使用して、細胞懸濁液を粉砕するエーP1000ピペットチップ。上のサンプルを粉砕するはありません - あなたは簡単にチップを通して腫瘍ソリューションをピペットでできるようになると、すぐに小さく、先端に移動します。コニカルチューブの底にピペットチップをタップチュレーション時の組織ブロック吸引の単一のより大きな部分は、多くの場合、継続的なチュレーションすることができます。 </li></ol> 5。細胞播種<ol><li>組織の一つ0.5ミリメートル3断片を1×100 mmディッシュ、または4×8-well/4-wellスライドをシードするのに十分です。直前のメディア/細胞混合物を追加するには、培養プレートからラミニン液を除去するが、プレートを乾燥させないでください。 </li><li>各100mmの皿のために10mlの温めた培養培地中の腫瘍断片を溶解する。 </li><li> 4ウェルスライドの各ウェルについて、750μL温めた培養培地（全体スライドの3ミリリットル）を使用します。 </li><li> 8ウェルスライドの各ウェルについて、400μlの温めた培養培地（全体スライドの3.2ミリリットル）を使用します。 </li><li> 37＆で文化をインキュベート＃160;°C、湿度100％、6％CO 2。少なくとも36時間一人での文化のままにして、解決策は（酸性）黄ばんであれば、メディアを変更してください。そうしないと、その後2〜3日ごとに、またはメディアが酸性になると、72時間後にメディアを変更。メディアは連続で数日間毎日酸性になる場合、これは一般に、潜在的な細菌または酵母汚染の指標である。 </li></ol>

<ol>
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利害の対立が開示されていないです。

in vitroでの神経鞘腫の文化の歴史 体外神経鞘腫培養で確立するための努力は、最初の聴神経腫のオープン外科的切除は1894 12に発生したわずか数十年後に始まった。最初に記録文化が1920年代にKredelであったが、失敗した「ハンギングドロップ法」12に刻まれた腫瘍を成長しようとした人。その後、博士。マレーとスタウト...

前庭神経鞘腫（VSS）は、全ての頭蓋内新生物は1-3の10％を犠牲にすること、前庭神経のシュワン細胞（SC）の腫瘍を表す。 VSSは、両方のNF2腫瘍抑制における不活性化の欠陥に関連する散発性または家族のどちらか（神経線維腫症2型、NF2）の形態で起こる 遺伝子。のVSの治療は、しかし、このような手順の罹患率は、難聴、顔面神経障害、脊髄液漏出、不均衡、および腫瘍の再増殖1と、一般的に外科的切除または放射線手術である。さらに、すべての患者が許容できる外科的または放射線の候補ではない。このような重大な病的状態だけでなく、代替療法がないことは、新たな治療の3,4の開発を期待してのVSのユニークな分子生物学の調査を推進してきました。 細胞培養は、潜在的な治療COMの分子や細胞の挙動やスクリーニング、迅速な容易、かつ詳細な分析が可能にポンド。歴史的に、新鮮な組織試料へのアクセスの欠如、および神経鞘腫細胞は不死化されていないという事実は、有意に神経鞘腫の腫瘍形成の調査のための一次培養物の使用を妨げている。一次培養物の限られた供給を克服するために、不死化VS HEI193細胞株は、HPV E6およびE7癌遺伝子5で形質導入によって生成した。この発癌性形質導入は、人間の神経鞘腫のモデルとしてそれらの使用を制限する細胞に重要な分子および表現型の変化を導入しました。官能NF2遺伝子を欠いているトランスジェニックマウス系統由来SC培養物は、 インビトロでNF2依存SC腫瘍形成を調査する別の代替を表す。これらの培養物は、しかし、人間の特定の動作のために、人間のVSSまたはアカウントの不均一な性質を再現することができない。ほとんどの前のVS培養技術は、比較的長い処理時間及び複雑な選択的な培養技術6-8を必要とした。ここでは、免疫染色によって決定された95％の腫瘍細胞の純度で、3時間の下に完全に処理した細胞培養VS原発のための簡単​​な、再現性のあるプロトコルを提示する。

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Poly-L-Ornithine, 0.01% Solution</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">P4957</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Cell Culture Surface Treatment</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Laminin Mouse Protein&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Gibco</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">23017-015 / L2020</td>
			<td>Cell Culture Surface Treatment</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">0.2% Collagenase (dissolved in HBSS -/-)</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">C2674</td>
			<td>Dissociation Reagent</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">0.25% Trypsin</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Gibco</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">25200-056</td>
			<td>Dissociation Reagent</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">TPS 100mm Round Culture Dish</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Midwest Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">TP93100</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Permanox 4 well slide</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">1256521</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Permanox 8 well slide</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">1256522</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Suction Filter Flask</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Midwest Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">TP99500</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">15ml Conical Tube</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Midwest Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">TP91015</td>
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		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">50ml Conical Tube</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Midwest Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">TP91050</td>
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			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">2mL Round Bottom Tube</td>
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			<td style="width:119px;">1620-2700</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Small Scissor</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">FST</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">14058-11</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Small Forceps</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">FST</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">11251-20</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Scalpel Handle</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">FST</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">10004-13</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">#11 Scalpel Blade</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Roboz</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">RS-9801-11</td>
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		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Non-Tissue Culture 100mm Round Petri Dish</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">50-820-904</td>
			<td></td>
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		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">P1000 Pipetteman</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Bioexpress</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">P3963-1000</td>
			<td></td>
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		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Serological Pipetteman</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Bioexpress</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">R3073-2P</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Sterile, Non-Filtered P1000 Pipette Tips</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Midwest Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">TD1250R</td>
			<td></td>
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		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Insulated Ice Cooler</td>
			<td style="width:71px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
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		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Culture Hood&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Baker</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
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		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Centrifuge&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Eppendorf -5810R</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
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		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Hanks Balanced Salt Solution (HBSS) +/+ (w/ Ca2+, Mg2+)&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Gibco</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">24020-117</td>
			<td>Schwannoma Culture and Media Components</td>
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		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Hanks Balanced Salt Solution (HBSS) -/- (w/out Ca2+, Mg2+)</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Gibco</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">14170-112</td>
			<td>Schwannoma Culture and Media Components</td>
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		<tr height="63">
			<td height="63" style="height:63px;width:216px;">Dulbecco&#8217;s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM), High Glucose, w/ Phenol Red</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Gibco</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">11965-092</td>
			<td>Schwannoma Culture and Media Components</td>
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		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">N2 Supplement</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Gibco</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">17502-048</td>
			<td>Schwannoma Culture and Media Components</td>
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		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Fetal Bovine Serum</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Gibco</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">26140-079</td>
			<td>Schwannoma Culture and Media Components</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Penicillin - Streptomycin</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Gibco</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">15140-163</td>
			<td>Schwannoma Culture and Media Components</td>
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		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Bovine Insulin (1mg/ml 200x)</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">I6634</td>
			<td>Schwannoma Culture and Media Components</td>
		</tr>
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primary culture of human vestibular schwannomas

前庭神経鞘腫（VSS）は、全ての頭蓋内新生物の10パーセントを損なう、前庭神経のシュワン細胞（SC）の腫瘍を表​​す。 VSSは、両方のNF2腫瘍抑制における不活性化の欠陥に関連する散発性または家族のどちらか（神経線維腫症2型、NF2）の形態で起こる 遺伝子。 、VSSの治療は、しかし、このような手順の罹患率は、低侵襲治療法の調査を推進してきました、一般的には外科的切除や放射線手術である。歴史的に、新鮮な組織試料へのアクセスの欠如、および神経鞘腫細胞は不死化されていないという事実は、有意に神経鞘腫の腫瘍形成の調査のための一次培養物の使用を妨げている。一次培養物の限られた供給を克服するために、不死化VS HEI193細胞株は、HPV E6およびE7癌遺伝子による形質導入により作製した。この発癌性形質導入は、人間のためのモデルとしてのそれらの使用を制限する細胞に重要な分子および表現型変化を導入chwannoma腫瘍。そこで我々は、細胞のVS初代ヒトの培養のための単純化され、再現性のあるプロトコルを示しています。この簡単に習得技術は、より正確に、VS疾患の複雑さを再現分子や細胞の研究が可能になります。

正しい腫瘍の断片化は、組織培養皿で播種し、最適な成長（ 図1）に必須である。めっき後の最初の日の間に神経鞘腫細胞の同定は、細胞残屑および赤血球の量を不明瞭に、しばしば困難である。 4 回目か5 日目では、付着性の腫瘍断片近いセルの拡張機能は、残骸の中からパターンを「レーシング」に認識が作成されます。その後のメディアの変更は、一般的に...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Primary Culture of Human Vestibular Schwannomas at JoVE.com

Primary Culture of Human Vestibular Schwannomas

前庭神経鞘腫（VSS）がNF2腫瘍抑制遺伝子における変異に関連するシュワン細胞（SC）由来の非悪性腫瘍である。私たちは、分子や細胞の実験操作および分析を可能にし、ヒトの疾患の不均一な性質を再現細胞培養VS初代ヒトのための再現可能な、効率的なプロトコルを報告します。

人間の前庭神経鞘腫の初代培養

Vestibular schwannomas (VSs) represent Schwann cell (SC) tumors of the vestibular nerve, compromising 10% of all intracranial neoplasms. VSs occur in ...

primary-culture-of-human-vestibular-schwannomas

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

12.7K ビュー.  University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics. 前庭神経鞘腫（VSS）がNF2腫瘍抑制遺伝子における変異に関連するシュワン細胞（SC）由来の非悪性腫瘍である。私たちは、分子や細胞の実験操作および分析を可能にし、ヒトの疾患の不均一な性質を再現細胞培養VS初代ヒトのための再現可能な、効率的なプロトコルを報告します。 

ビデオ: Primary Culture of Human Vestibular Schwannomas

Skin Punch Biopsy Explant Culture for Derivation of Primary Human Fibroblasts

Tissues and cell lines derived from an individual with disease are ideal sources to study disease-related cellular phenotypes. Patient-derived fibroblasts in this protocol have been successfully used in the derivation of induced pluripotent stem cells to model disease1. Early passages of these fibroblasts can also be used for cell-based functional assays to study specific disease pathways, mechanisms2 and subsequent drug screening approaches. The advantage of the presented protocol over enzymatic procedures are 1) the reproducibility of the technique from small amounts of tissue derived from older patients, e.g. patients affected with Parkinson's disease, 2) the technically simple approach over more challenging methodologies using enzymatic treatments, and 3) the time consideration: this protocol takes 15-20 min and can be performed immediately after biopsy arrival. Enzymatic treatments can take up to 4 hr and have the problems of overdigestion, reduction of cell viability and subsequent attachment of cells when not handled properly. This protocol describes the dissection and preparation of a 4-mm human skin biopsy for derivation of a fibroblast culture and has a very high success rate which is important when dealing with patient-derived tissue samples. In this culture, keratinocytes migrate out of the biopsy tissue within the first week after preparation. Fibroblasts appear 7-10 days after the first outgrowth of keratinocytes. DMEM high glucose media supplemented with 20% FBS favors the growth of fibroblasts over keratinocytes and fibroblasts will overgrow the keratinocytes. After 2 passages keratinocytes have been diluted out resulting in relatively homogenous fibroblast cultures which expresses the fibroblast marker SERPINH1 (HSP-47). Using this approach, 15-20 million fibroblasts can be derived in 4-8 weeks for cell banking. The skin dissection takes about 15-20 min, cells are then monitored once a day under the microscope, and media is changed every 2-3 days after attachment and outgrowth of cells.

The fibroblast explant culture protocol from human skin punch biopsies is a technically robust and simple way to derive skin cells within 4-8 weeks for banking of about 15-20 million cells at a low passage number.

プライマリーヒト線維芽細胞の導出のために皮膚パンチ生検植文化

Tissues and cell lines derived from an individual with disease are ideal sources to study disease-related cellular phenotypes. Patient-derived fibroblasts ...

医学

In vitro Organoid Culture of Primary Mouse Colon Tumors

Several human and murine colon cancer cell lines have been established, physiologic integrity of colon tumors such as multiple cell layers, basal-apical polarity, ability to differentiate, and anoikis are not maintained in colon cancer derived cell lines. The present study demonstrates a method for culturing primary mouse colon tumor organoids adapted from Sato T et al. 1, which retains important physiologic features of colon tumors. This method consists of mouse colon tumor tissue collection, adjacent normal colon epithelium dissociation, colon tumor cells digestion into single cells, embedding colon tumor cells into matrigel, and selective culture based on the principle that tumor cells maintain growth on limiting nutrient conditions compared to normal epithelial cells.
The primary tumor organoids if isolated from genetically modified mice provide a very useful system to assess tumor autonomous function of specific genes. Moreover, the tumor organoids are amenable to genetic manipulation by virus meditated gene delivery; therefore signaling pathways involved in the colon tumorigenesis could also be extensively investigated by overexpression or knockdown. Primary tumor organoids culture provides a physiologic relevant and feasible means to study the mechanisms and therapeutic modalities for colon tumorigenesis.

In vitro Organoid Culture of Primary Mouse Colon Tumors

A simple method to establish primary murine colon tumor organoid is described. This method utilizes the feature that colon tumor cells survive and grow into organoids in media containing limited growth factors, whereas normal colon epithelial do not.

プライマリマウス大腸腫瘍のin vitroオルガノイド培養で

Several  human and murine colon cancer cell lines have been established, physiologic  integrity of colon tumors such as multiple cell layers, basal-apical ...

Isolation, Culture, and Imaging of Human Fetal Pancreatic Cell Clusters

For almost 30 years, scientists have demonstrated that human fetal ICCs transplanted under the kidney capsule of nude mice matured into functioning endocrine cells, as evidenced by a significant increase in circulating human C-peptide following glucose stimulation1-9. However in vitro, genesis of insulin producing cells from human fetal ICCs is low10; results reminiscent of recent experiments performed with human embryonic stem cells (hESC), a renewable source of cells that hold great promise as a potential therapeutic treatment for type 1 diabetes. Like ICCs, transplantation of partially differentiated hESC generate glucose responsive, insulin producing cells, but in vitro genesis of insulin producing cells from hESC is much less robust11-17. A complete understanding of the factors that influence the growth and differentiation of endocrine precursor cells will likely require data generated from both ICCs and hESC. While a number of protocols exist to generate insulin producing cells from hESC in vitro11-22, far fewer exist for ICCs10,23,24. Part of that discrepancy likely comes from the difficulty of working with human fetal pancreas. Towards that end, we have continued to build upon existing methods to isolate fetal islets from human pancreases with gestational ages ranging from 12 to 23 weeks, grow the cells as a monolayer or in suspension, and image for cell proliferation, pancreatic markers and human hormones including glucagon and C-peptide. ICCs generated by the protocol described below result in C-peptide release after transplantation under the kidney capsule of nude mice that are similar to C-peptide levels obtained by transplantation of fresh tissue6. Although the examples presented here focus upon the pancreatic endoderm proliferation and &#946;&#160;cell genesis, the protocol can be employed to study other aspects of pancreatic development, including exocrine, ductal, and other hormone producing cells.

A protocol to isolate, culture, and image islet cell clusters (ICCs) derived from human fetal pancreatic cells is described.&#160; The method details the steps necessary to generate ICCs from tissue, culture as monolayers or in suspension as aggregates, and image for markers of proliferation and pancreatic cell fate decisions.

ヒト胎児膵臓細胞クラスターの単離、培養、およびイメージング

For almost 30 years, scientists have demonstrated that human fetal ICCs transplanted under the kidney capsule of nude mice matured into functioning ...

A Three-dimensional Tissue Culture Model to Study Primary Human Bone Marrow and its Malignancies

Tissue culture has been an invaluable tool to study many aspects of cell function, from normal development to disease. Conventional cell culture methods rely on the ability of cells either to attach to a solid substratum of a tissue culture dish or to grow in suspension in liquid medium. Multiple immortal cell lines have been created and grown using such approaches, however, these methods frequently fail when primary cells need to be grown ex vivo. Such failure has been attributed to the absence of the appropriate extracellular matrix components of the tissue microenvironment from the standard systems where tissue culture plastic is used as a surface for cell growth. Extracellular matrix is an integral component of the tissue microenvironment and its presence is crucial for the maintenance of physiological functions such as cell polarization, survival, and proliferation. Here we present a 3-dimensional tissue culture method where primary bone marrow cells are grown in extracellular matrix formulated to recapitulate the microenvironment of the human bone (rBM system). Embedded in the extracellular matrix, cells are supplied with nutrients through the medium supplemented with human plasma, thus providing a comprehensive system where cell survival and proliferation can be sustained for up to 30 days while maintaining the cellular composition of the primary tissue. Using the rBM system we have successfully grown primary bone marrow cells from normal donors and patients with amyloidosis, and various hematological malignancies. The rBM system allows for direct, in-matrix real time visualization of the cell behavior and evaluation of preclinical efficacy of novel therapeutics. Moreover, cells can be isolated from the rBM and subsequently used for in vivo transplantation, cell sorting, flow cytometry, and nucleic acid and protein analysis. Taken together, the rBM method provides a reliable system for the growth of primary bone marrow cells under physiological conditions.

In standard culture methods cells are taken out of their physiological environment and grown on the plastic surface of a dish. To study the behavior of primary human bone marrow cells we created a 3-D culture system where cells are grown under conditions recapitulating the native microenvironment of the tissue.

初代ヒト骨髄およびその悪性腫瘍を研究する三次元組織培養モデル

Tissue culture has been an invaluable tool to study many aspects of cell function, from normal development to disease. Conventional cell culture methods ...

Three-dimensional Alginate-bead Culture of Human Pituitary Adenoma Cells

A three-dimensional culture method is described in which primary pituitary adenoma cells are grown in alginate beads. Alginate is a polymer derived from brown sea algae. Briefly, the tumor tissue is cut into small pieces and submitted to an enzymatic digestion with collagenase and trypsin. Next, a cell suspension is obtained. The tumor cell suspension is mixed with 1.2% sodium alginate and dropped into a CaCl2 solution, and the alginate/cell suspension is gelled on contact with the CaCl2 to form spherical beads. The cells embedded in the alginate beads are supplied with nutrients provided by the culture media enriched with 20% FBS. Three-dimensional culture in alginate beads maintains the viability of adenoma cells for long periods of time, up to four months. Moreover, the cells can be liberated from the alginate by washing the beads with sodium citrate and seeded on glass coverslips for further immunocytochemical analyses. The use of a cell culture model allows for the fixation and visualization of the actin cytoskeleton with minimal disorganization. In summary, alginate beads provide a reliable culture system for the maintenance of pituitary adenoma cells.

Three-dimensional culture in alginate beads, due to its simplicity and reproducibility, was chosen to maintain the pituitary adenoma cells. The procedures included an initial enzymatic digestion and mechanical dissociation of the tumor tissue, and the subsequent cell suspension was encapsulated in alginate beads.

ヒト下垂体腺腫細胞の三次元アルギン酸ビーズ文化

A three-dimensional culture method is described in which primary pituitary adenoma cells are grown in alginate beads. Alginate is a polymer derived from ...

Isolation and Culture of Primary Endothelial Cells from Canine Arteries and Veins

Cardiovascular disease is studied in both human and veterinary medicine. Endothelial cells have been used extensively as an in vitro model to study vasculogenesis, (tumor) angiogenesis, and atherosclerosis. The current standard for in vitro research on human endothelial cells (ECs) is the use of Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVECs) and Human Umbilical Artery Endothelial Cells (HUAECs). For canine endothelial research, only one cell line (CnAOEC) is available, which is derived from canine aortic endothelium. Although currently not completely understood, there is a difference between ECs originating from either arteries or veins. For a more direct approach to in vitro functionality studies on ECs, we describe a new method for isolating Canine Primary Endothelial Cells (CaPECs) from a variety of vessels. This technique reduces the chance of contamination with fast-growing cells such as fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells, a problem that is common in standard isolation methods such as flushing the vessel with enzymatic solutions or mincing the vessel prior to digestion of the tissue containing all cells. The technique we describe was optimized for the canine model, but can easily be utilized in other species such as human.

Novel isolation methods of primary endothelial cells from blood vessels are needed. This protocol describes a new technique that completely inverts blood vessels of interest, exposing only the endothelial side to enzymatic digestion. The resulting pure endothelial cell culture can be used to study cardiovascular diseases, disease modelling, and angiogenesis.

犬の動脈と静脈からの初代内皮細胞の単離および培養

Cardiovascular disease is studied in both human and veterinary medicine. Endothelial cells have been used extensively as an in vitro model to study ...

Isolation of Primary Human Decidual Cells from the Fetal Membranes of Term Placentae

The decidua, also known as the pregnant endometrium, is a critically important reproductive tissue. Decidual cells, comprised mainly of decidualized stromal cells and immune cells, are responsible for the secretion of hormonal and inflammatory factors which are critical for successful blastocyst implantation, placental development and play a role in the initiation of labor at term and preterm. Many pregnancy complications can arise from perturbations of a fine balance of different cell populations comprising decidua. Alterations in the proportion of specific decidual cell types may disrupt these crucial processes and increase the risk of developing serious complications of pregnancy, such as embryo implantation failure, intrauterine growth restriction, preeclampsia and preterm labor. The protocol outlined here demonstrates a cost and time effective method for the isolation of primary human decidual cells collected from the fetal membranes of term placentae. By combining enzymatic digestion and gentle mechanical disruption of the decidual tissue, a high yield of decidual cells was obtained with virtually no chorion contamination. Importantly, isolated decidual cells were characterized (stromal cells (55-60%), leukocytes (35%), epithelial (1%) or trophoblast (0.01%) cells) and maintained high viability (80%) which was confirmed by multicolor imaging flow cytometry assay. This protocol is specific to the decidua parietalis and can be adapted to first and second trimester placentae. Once isolated, decidual cells can be used for a multitude of experimental applications aiming to understand the role of different decidual cell sub-populations in pregnancy complications.

This protocol demonstrates a method for the isolation of primary human decidual cells collected from the fetal membranes of term placentae which can be used for a variety of applications (i.e. immunocytochemistry, flow cytometry, etc.) aiming to study the role of different cell populations in pregnancy complications.

用語胎盤の胎児膜から主のひと脱落膜細胞の分離

The decidua, also known as the pregnant endometrium, is a critically important reproductive tissue. Decidual cells, comprised mainly of decidualized ...

Muscle Imbalances: Testing and Training Functional Eccentric Hamstring Strength in Athletic Populations

Many hamstring injuries that occur during physical activity occur while the muscles are lengthening, during eccentric hamstring muscle actions. Opposite of these eccentric hamstring actions are concentric quadriceps actions, where the larger and likely stronger quadriceps straighten the knee. Therefore, to stabilize the lower limbs during movement, the hamstrings must eccentrically combat against the strong knee-straightening torque of the quadriceps. As such, eccentric hamstring strength expressed relative to concentric quadricep strength is commonly referred to as the &#34;functional ratio&#34; as most movements in sports require simultaneous concentric knee extension and eccentric knee flexion. To increase the strength, resiliency, and functional performance of the hamstrings, it is necessary to test and train the hamstrings at different eccentric speeds. The main purpose of this work is to provide instructions for measuring and interpreting eccentric hamstring strength. Techniques for measuring the functional ratio using isokinetic dynamometry are provided and sample data will be compared. Additionally, we briefly describe how to address hamstring strength deficiencies or unilateral strength differences using exercises that specifically focus on increasing eccentric hamstring strength.

The hamstrings are a group of muscles that are sometimes problematic for athletes, resulting in soft tissue injury in the lower limbs. To prevent such injuries, functional training of the hamstrings requires intensive eccentric contractions. Additionally, hamstring function should be tested in relation to quadricep function at different contraction speeds.

筋肉の不均衡: テストと競技人口の機能的な偏心ハムスト リングの筋力トレーニング

Many hamstring injuries that occur during physical activity occur while the muscles are lengthening, during eccentric hamstring muscle actions. Opposite ...

Surgical Labyrinthectomy of the Rat to Study the Vestibular System

To study the vestibular system or the vestibular compensation process, a number of methods have been developed to cause vestibular damage, including surgical or chemical labyrinthectomy and vestibular neurectomy. Surgical labyrinthectomy is a relatively simple, reliable, and rapid method. Here, we describe the surgical technique for rat labyrinthectomy. A postauricular incision is made under general anesthesia to expose the external auditory canal and the tympanic membrane, after which the tympanic membrane and the ossicles are removed without the stapes. The stapes artery, which is located between the stapes and the oval window, is a vulnerable structure and must be preserved to obtain a clear surgical field. A hole to fenestrate the vestibule is made with a 2.1-mm drill bur superior to the stapes. Then, 100% ethanol is injected through this hole and aspirated several times. Meticulous dissection under a microscope and careful bleeding control are essential to obtain reliable results. Symptoms of vestibular loss, such as nystagmus, head tilting, and a rolling motion, are seen immediately after surgery. The rotarod or rotation chair test can be used to objectively and quantitatively evaluate the vestibular function.

This protocol describes the surgical labyrinthectomy of a rat, which is a useful method for studying the vestibular system.

前庭系を研究するラットの手術なるほど

To study the vestibular system or the vestibular compensation process, a number of methods have been developed to cause vestibular damage, including ...

Characterization of a Novel Human Organotypic Retinal Culture Technique

Previous human organotypic retinal culture (HORC) models have utilized detached retinas; however, without the structural support conferred by retinal pigment epithelium-choroid (RPE-choroid) and sclera, the integrity of the fragile retina can easily be compromised. The aim of this study was to develop a novel HORC model that contains the retina, RPE-choroid and sclera to maintain retinal integrity when culturing retinal explants.
After cutting circumferentially along the limbus to remove iris and lens, four deep incisions were made to flatten the eyecup. In contrast to previous HORC protocols, a trephine was used to cut through not only the retina but also the RPE-choroid and sclera. The resultant triple-layered explants were cultured for 72 h. Hematoxylin and Eosin staining (H&#38;E) was used to assess anatomical structures and retinal explants were further characterized by immunohistochemistry (IHC) for apoptosis, M&#252;ller cell integrity and retinal inflammation. To confirm the possibility of disease induction, explants were exposed to high glucose (HG) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (Cyt), to mimic diabetic retinopathy (DR). The Luminex magnetic bead assay was used to measure DR-related cytokines released into the culture medium.
H&#38;E staining revealed distinct retinal lamellae and compact nuclei in retinal explants with the underlying RPE-choroid and sclera, while retinas without the underlying structures exhibited reduced thickness and severe nuclei loss. IHC results indicated absence of apoptosis and retinal inflammation as well as preserved M&#252;ller cell integrity. The Luminex&#160;assays showed significantly increased secretion of DR-associated pro-inflammatory cytokines in retinal explants exposed to HG + Cyt relative to baseline levels at 24 h.
We successfully developed and characterized a novel HORC protocol in which retinal integrity was preserved without apoptosis or retinal inflammation. Moreover, the induced secretion of DR-associated pro-inflammatory biomarkers when exposing retinal explants to HG + Cyt suggests that this model could be used for clinically translatable retinal disease studies.

This study aims to develop a novel human organotypic retinal culture (HORC) model that prevents compromising retinal integrity during explant handling. This is achieved by culturing the retina with the overlying vitreous and the underlying retinal pigment&#160;epithelium-choroid (RPE-choroid) and sclera.

新しいヒトの言語性の高いレティナル文化技術の特徴付け

Previous human organotypic retinal culture (HORC) models have utilized detached retinas; however, without the structural support conferred by retinal ...