Name: primary culture of human vestibular schwannomas
Uploaded: 2014-07-20T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Primary Culture of Human Vestibular Schwannomas at JoVE.com

Support: NIDCD R01DC009801, P30DC010362, 5T32DC000040-17

Ethics Statement: use of the human tumor specimens in this protocol was approved by the University of Iowa Institutional Review Board (IRB).
1. Setup the Day Before Tumor Harvest
<ol>
	<li>Coat Cell Culture Plates: In a sterile culture hood, add enough poly-L-ornithine (0.01% solution) to cover the bottom of a polystyrene/plastic culture well/dish, replace the lids, and let sit at room temperature for at least 2 hr. Glass slides or coverslips can be substituted for polystyrene for experiment...

<ol>
	<li>Arthurs, B. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+review+of+treatment+modalities+for+vestibular+schwannoma.">A review of treatment modalities for vestibular schwannoma.</a> Neurosurg Rev. 34 (3), 265-277 (2011).</li><li>Evans, G. R., Lloyd, S. K., Ramsden, R. T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Neurofibromatosis+type+2.">Neurofibromatosis type 2.</a> Adv Otorhinolaryngol. 70, 91-98 (2001).</li><li>Fong, B., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+molecular+biology+and+novel+treatments+of+vestibular+schwannomas.">The molecular biology and novel treatments of vestibular schwannomas.</a> J Neurosurg. 115 (5), 906-914 (2011).</li><li>Jacob, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Preclinical+validation+of+AR42,+a+novel+histone+deacetylase+inhibitor,+as+treatment+for+vestibular+schwannomas.">Preclinical validation of AR42, a novel histone deacetylase inhibitor, as treatment for vestibular schwannomas.</a> Laryngoscope. 122 (1), 174-189 (2012).</li><li>Evans, D. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Neurofibromatosis+2+[Bilateral+acoustic+neurofibromatosis,+central+neurofibromatosis.">Neurofibromatosis 2 [Bilateral acoustic neurofibromatosis, central neurofibromatosis.</a> NF2, neurofibromatosis type II]. Genet Med. 11 (9), 599-610 (2009).</li><li>Anniko, M., Noren, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+Human+Acoustic+Neurinoma+in+Organ-Culture+.1.+Methodological+Aspects.">The Human Acoustic Neurinoma in Organ-Culture .1. Methodological Aspects.</a> Acta Oto-Laryngologica. 91 (1-2), 47-53 (1981).</li><li>Manent, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Magnetic+cell+sorting+for+enriching+Schwann+cells+from+adult+mouse+peripheral+nerves.">Magnetic cell sorting for enriching Schwann cells from adult mouse peripheral nerves.</a> J Neurosci Methods. 123 (2), 167-173 (2003).</li><li>Nair, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Primary+cultures+of+human+vestibular+schwannoma:+selective+growth+of+schwannoma+cells.">Primary cultures of human vestibular schwannoma: selective growth of schwannoma cells.</a> Otol Neurotol. 28 (2), 258-263 (2007).</li><li>Baur, A. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Laminin+promotes+differentiation,+adhesion+and+proliferation+of+cell+cultures+derived+from+human+acoustic+nerve+schwannoma.">Laminin promotes differentiation, adhesion and proliferation of cell cultures derived from human acoustic nerve schwannoma.</a> Acta Otolaryngol. 115 (4), 517-521 (1995).</li><li>Cravioto, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Experimental+neurinoma+in+tissue+culture.">Experimental neurinoma in tissue culture.</a> Acta Neuropathol. 21 (2), 154-164 (1972).</li><li>Kaasinen, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Culturing+of+acoustic+neuroma--methodological+aspects.">Culturing of acoustic neuroma--methodological aspects.</a> Acta Otolaryngol Suppl. 520 Pt 1, 25-26 (1995).</li><li>Kredel, F. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Tissue+Culture+of+Intracranial+Tumors+with+a+Note+on+the+Meningiomas.">Tissue Culture of Intracranial Tumors with a Note on the Meningiomas.</a> Am J Pathol. 4 (4), 337-340 (1928).</li><li>Murray, M. R., Stout, A. P., Bradley, C. F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Schwann+cell+versus+fibroblast+as+the+origin+of+the+specific+nerve+sheath+tumor:+Observations+upon+normal+nerve+sheaths+and+neurilemomas+in+vitro.">Schwann cell versus fibroblast as the origin of the specific nerve sheath tumor: Observations upon normal nerve sheaths and neurilemomas in vitro.</a> Am J Pathol. 16 (1), 41-60 (1940).</li><li>Cravioto, H., Lockwood, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+behavior+of+acoustic+neuroma+in+tissue+culture.">The behavior of acoustic neuroma in tissue culture.</a> Acta Neuropathol. 12 (2), 141-157 (1969).</li><li>Lee, J. D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Genetic+and+epigenetic+alterations+of+the+NF2+gene+in+sporadic+vestibular+schwannomas.">Genetic and epigenetic alterations of the NF2 gene in sporadic vestibular schwannomas.</a> PLoS One. 7 (1), 30418 (2012).</li><li>Wippold, F. J., 2nd, , et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Neuropathology+for+the+neuroradiologist:+Antoni+A+and+Antoni+B+tissue+patterns.">Neuropathology for the neuroradiologist: Antoni A and Antoni B tissue patterns.</a> AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 28 (9), 1633-1638 (2007).</li><li>Mennel, H. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Short-term+tissue+culture+observations+of+experimental+primary+and+transplanted+nervous+system+tumors.">Short-term tissue culture observations of experimental primary and transplanted nervous system tumors.</a> J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 39 (6), 639-660 (1980).</li><li>Rosenbaum, C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Isolation+and+characterization+of+Schwann+cells+from+neurofibromatosis+type+2+patients.">Isolation and characterization of Schwann cells from neurofibromatosis type 2 patients.</a> Neurobiol Dis. 5 (1), 55-64 (1998).</li></ol>

History of in vitro&#160;Schwannoma Cultures
Efforts to establish in vitro schwannoma cultures began just a few decades after the initial acoustic neuroma open surgical resection occurred in 189412. The first recorded cultures were by Kredel in the 1920s, who unsuccessfully attempted to grow minced tumor by &#8220;hanging drop method&#8221;12. Later, Drs. Murray and Stout published their in vitro culture experience with neurilem...

Vestibular schwannomas (VSs) represent Schwann cell (SC) tumors of the vestibular nerve, compromising 10% of all intracranial neoplasms1-3.&#160;VSs occur in either sporadic or familial (neurofibromatosis type 2, NF2) forms, both associated with inactivating defects in the NF2 tumor suppressor gene. Treatment for VSs is generally surgical resection or radiosurgery, however the morbidity of such procedures includes deafness, facial neuropathies, spinal fluid leak, imbalance, and tumor regrowth1. Additionally not all patients are acceptable surgical or radiation candidates. Such significant morbidity as well as a lack of alternative therapies has driven investigation into the unique molecular biology of VSs in hopes of developing novel treatments3,4.
Cell culture allows for rapid, facile, and in-depth analysis of molecular and cellular behavior and screening of potential therapeutic compounds. Historically, lack of access to fresh tissue specimens and the fact that schwannoma cells are not immortalized have significantly hampered the use of primary cultures for investigation of schwannoma tumorigenesis. To overcome the limited supply of primary cultures, the immortalized HEI193 VS cell line was generated by transduction with HPV E6 and E7 oncogenes5. This oncogenic transduction introduced significant molecular and phenotypic alterations to the cells, which limit their use as a model for human schwannoma tumors. SC cultures derived from transgenic mouse lines that lack a functional NF2 gene represent another alternative to investigate NF2-dependent SC tumorigenesis in vitro. These cultures however fail to recapitulate the heterogeneous nature of human VSs or account for human specific behavior. Most previous VS culture techniques required relatively long processing times and complicated selective culture techniques6-8. Here we present a simple, reproducible protocol for primary VS cell culture with complete processing in under 3 hr, with 95% tumor cell purity as determined by immunostaining.

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		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Poly-L-Ornithine, 0.01% Solution</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">P4957</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Cell Culture Surface Treatment</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Laminin Mouse Protein&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Gibco</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">23017-015 / L2020</td>
			<td>Cell Culture Surface Treatment</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">0.2% Collagenase (dissolved in HBSS -/-)</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">C2674</td>
			<td>Dissociation Reagent</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">0.25% Trypsin</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Gibco</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">25200-056</td>
			<td>Dissociation Reagent</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">TPS 100mm Round Culture Dish</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Midwest Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">TP93100</td>
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			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Permanox 8 well slide</td>
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			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">15ml Conical Tube</td>
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			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">50ml Conical Tube</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Midwest Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">TP91050</td>
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			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">2mL Round Bottom Tube</td>
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			<td style="width:119px;">1620-2700</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Small Scissor</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">FST</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">14058-11</td>
			<td></td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Small Forceps</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">FST</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">11251-20</td>
			<td></td>
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		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Scalpel Handle</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">FST</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">10004-13</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">#11 Scalpel Blade</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Roboz</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">RS-9801-11</td>
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			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Non-Tissue Culture 100mm Round Petri Dish</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">50-820-904</td>
			<td></td>
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			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">P1000 Pipetteman</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Bioexpress</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">P3963-1000</td>
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			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Serological Pipetteman</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Bioexpress</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">R3073-2P</td>
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			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Sterile, Non-Filtered P1000 Pipette Tips</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Midwest Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">TD1250R</td>
			<td></td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Insulated Ice Cooler</td>
			<td style="width:71px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Culture Hood&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Baker</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
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			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Centrifuge&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Eppendorf -5810R</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
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			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Hanks Balanced Salt Solution (HBSS) +/+ (w/ Ca2+, Mg2+)&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Gibco</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">24020-117</td>
			<td>Schwannoma Culture and Media Components</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Hanks Balanced Salt Solution (HBSS) -/- (w/out Ca2+, Mg2+)</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Gibco</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">14170-112</td>
			<td>Schwannoma Culture and Media Components</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="63">
			<td height="63" style="height:63px;width:216px;">Dulbecco&#8217;s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM), High Glucose, w/ Phenol Red</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Gibco</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">11965-092</td>
			<td>Schwannoma Culture and Media Components</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">N2 Supplement</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Gibco</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">17502-048</td>
			<td>Schwannoma Culture and Media Components</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Fetal Bovine Serum</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Gibco</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">26140-079</td>
			<td>Schwannoma Culture and Media Components</td>
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		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Penicillin - Streptomycin</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Gibco</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">15140-163</td>
			<td>Schwannoma Culture and Media Components</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Bovine Insulin (1mg/ml 200x)</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">I6634</td>
			<td>Schwannoma Culture and Media Components</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

primary culture of human vestibular schwannomas

Vestibular schwannomas (VSs) represent Schwann cell (SC) tumors of the vestibular nerve, compromising 10% of all intracranial neoplasms. VSs occur in either sporadic or familial (neurofibromatosis type 2, NF2) forms, both associated with inactivating defects in the NF2 tumor suppressor gene. Treatment for VSs is generally surgical resection or radiosurgery, however the morbidity of such procedures has driven investigations into less invasive treatments. Historically, lack of access to fresh tissue specimens and the fact that schwannoma cells are not immortalized have significantly hampered the use of primary cultures for investigation of schwannoma tumorigenesis. To overcome the limited supply of primary cultures, the immortalized HEI193 VS cell line was generated by transduction with HPV E6 and E7 oncogenes. This oncogenic transduction introduced significant molecular and phenotypic alterations to the cells, which limit their use as a model for human schwannoma tumors. We therefore illustrate a simplified, reproducible protocol for culture of primary human VS cells. This easily mastered technique allows for molecular and cellular investigations that more accurately recapitulate the complexity of VS disease.

Correct tumor fragmentation is essential for optimal seeding and outgrowth in the tissue culture dishes (Figure&#160;1). Identification of schwannoma cells during the first days after plating is often difficult, due to obscuring amounts of cellular debris and red blood cells. By the 4th or 5th day, cell extensions near adherent tumor fragments will create recognizable &#8216;lacing&#8217; patterns among the debris. Subsequent media changes generally remove the majority of non-adhere...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Primary Culture of Human Vestibular Schwannomas at JoVE.com

Primary Culture of Human Vestibular Schwannomas

Vestibular Schwannomas (VSs) are non-malignant tumors of Schwann cell (SC) origin, associated with mutations in the NF2 tumor suppressor gene. We report a reproducible, efficient protocol for primary human VS cell culture that allows for molecular and cellular experimental manipulation and analysis and recapitulates the heterogeneous nature of human disease.

Vestibular schwannomas (VSs) represent Schwann cell (SC) tumors of the vestibular nerve, compromising 10% of all intracranial neoplasms. VSs occur in ...

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