技术支持：NIDCD R01DC009801，P30DC010362，5T32DC000040-17

伦理声明：利用人类肿瘤标本在这个协议的批准爱荷华机构审查委员会的大学（IRB）。 1，安装前一天收获肿瘤<ol><li>外套细胞培养板：在无菌培养罩，补充足够的聚L-鸟氨酸（0.01％溶液），以支付聚苯乙烯/塑料培养以及/培养皿的底部，更换盖子，并让坐在在室温下至少2小时。载玻片或盖玻片可以代替聚苯乙烯为需要成像实验。 </li><li> 2小时后，取出与吸力的聚-L-鸟氨酸溶液，并允许所述板中的无菌培养罩完全干燥。添加足够的层粘连蛋白溶液（10微克/毫升中的Ca 2 + / Mg 2 +的HBSS中自由[HBSS-/ - ），以完全覆盖培养皿，更换盖子，然后要么1）在阴凉4℃冰箱放置过夜，或2）在37℃培养箱中放置至少2小时。如果板将过夜或更长时间储存​​，包装在保鲜膜板，以防止蒸发/干燥。 </li></ol> 2，安装肿瘤收获的日子<ol><li>准备文化传媒：媒体是由新鲜肿瘤收获和加工的一天，存放于4℃，紧接媒体新增/变更加热到37℃的培养箱中培养。 </li><li>神经鞘瘤的培养基是高血糖（4.5毫克/毫升）的DMEM（含酚红）与0.1毫克/毫升青霉素和0.1毫克/毫升链霉素; N2培养基补充最终稀释度1:100;牛胰岛素5微克/毫升;胎牛血清至10％的总体积。通过0.22微米的过滤器过滤所有的媒体。 </li><li>准备试样运输冷却器：发送一个装满冰冷却器用1-2（取决于肿瘤的数量有所收获）无菌50ml锥形管25毫升的HBSS用的Ca 2 + / Mg 2 +的（HBSS + / +）手术室肿瘤样品转移和运输。 </li><li>准备逐张idual肿瘤分离管 - 填充无菌的圆底管1毫升的HBSS + / +，并置于冰上。 （管将用于肿瘤样本的锐性剥离/解离）。 </li><li>对于解离，准备约一解离管组织收获的每0.5 立方厘米 ;例如，肿瘤样品测量1.0×1.0×1.0厘米（1 毫升 ）将需要两个HBSS + / +解离管。 </li><li>紫外线杀菌：将组织剪刀，小镊子，解剖刀手柄，1个正常的培养皿中，P1000吸管，并在无菌培养罩的枪头，并在紫外光下离开〜15分钟前抵达肿瘤组织和处理。 </li></ol> 3，标本分离和运输<ol><li>通过手术切除孤立的肿瘤标本。 </li><li>从患者体内取出后，立即将肿瘤标本放入冰冷的HBSS + / +尽可能快地。一旦所有的布甲Ë样品收集，样品运输（冰）从手术剧场实验室作进一步处理。 </li></ol> 4，组织解离和研磨<ol><li>下列标准无菌技术在层流罩，带锥形管与肿瘤标本进培养罩，并通过反相管和肿瘤50X洗涤样品。允许碎片掉落到管的底部，然后除去HBSS + / +。笔芯用30毫升的HBSS + / +和搅拌/再反转50倍。重复反转/媒体搬迁总共4倍。 </li><li>重悬肿瘤碎片在30毫升的HBSS + / +最后一次，然后将混合物倒入一个sterile100毫米培养皿，以及独立的肿瘤，用0.5 立方厘米分组。如果较大的肿瘤片段遇到，使用组织剪刀或手术刀（＃11或＃15刀片），以切成小块。 </li><li>使用镊子把0.5 立方厘米组织团体到个人的HBSS + / +填充，2个圆底圆锥曲线人管，所有的冰。使用组织剪刀切碎的肿瘤碎片成子1毫米片段，该悬浮液应该有一个“雪球”外观（ 图1）。剁碎的肿瘤只有等到大多数碎片都低于1毫米;不要“过度肉&#39;的肿瘤样本。将完全碎纸巾筒背冰上，并重复所有额外标本管。 </li><li>转移所有零散的肿瘤样本到一个单一的15 mL锥形管。 P1000的移液管与剪切/修改无菌尖端可以很好地用于此步骤。使用额外的HBSS + / +冲洗/冲洗2毫升分离管，以确保所有的肿瘤样本被收集在15毫升管。在离心机降速混合物在23°C，在73×g离心5分钟。 </li><li>吸过的HBSS + / +，留下细胞团块。重悬片段中0.25％的胰蛋白酶1:1的混合物：0.2％胶原酶（溶于HBSS-/ - ） - 添加仅够维持肿瘤碎片在狭小的苏spension。代替螺旋盖，并置于37℃培养箱中培养30分钟。孵化保持碎片悬浮在搅拌细胞混合物至少一次。将神经鞘瘤培养基放入培养箱温暖就在这时候也是如此。 </li><li>孵育后，加入100微升的FBS，每管以灭活胰蛋白酶，然后离心样品，在23℃，73×g离心5分钟。使用移液管小心吸过尽可能多的上清液尽可能不干扰细胞沉淀。温热的培养基（N2/insulin/5％FBS）添加到肿瘤片段为1:2肿瘤片段的最终比例：培养介质（例如，如果有1毫升肿瘤片段，在2ml的升温加介质）。 </li><li>通过切割头销P1000的移液管尖端的直径为约1-2毫米的制备对肿瘤研磨。使用渐进式小口径的枪头慢慢磨碎的细胞悬液，直到你可以很容易地通过一个unalt吸取的解决方案ERED P1000的枪头。立即移动到一个较小的针尖，一旦你可以很容易地通过吸管尖端的肿瘤解决方案 - 不超过磨碎试样。如果一个单一的一块较大的组织块抽吸研磨过程中，攻丝枪头在锥形管的底部往往允许续研磨。 </li></ol> 5，细胞电镀<ol><li>一个0.5毫米3片段组织足够的种子1×100毫米的菜，或4×8-well/4-well幻灯片。加上媒体/细胞混合物前夕，请从培养板的层粘连蛋白的解决方案，但不要让板干燥。 </li><li>每100毫米的菜，溶解肿瘤片段在10毫升加温培养基。 </li><li>对于4以及滑动的各孔中，用750微升温热的培养基（3毫升整个滑动）。 </li><li>对于一个8孔滑动的每一个孔，用400微升回暖文化传媒（3.2毫升整个幻灯片）。 </li><li>孵育培养37＆＃160;℃，100％湿度，6％的CO 2。离开文化的独自至少36小时，然后改变介质如果解决方案是泛黄（酸性）。否则在72小时改变媒体，然后每2-3天或当媒体变成酸性。如果媒体每日变为酸性，为连续数天，但通常潜在的细菌或酵母菌污染的指示。 </li></ol>

<ol>
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没有利益冲突的披露。

在体外培养神经鞘瘤史 努力建立体外培养神经鞘瘤的最初听神经瘤的开放手术切除发生于1894年12开始后短短的几十年，第一次有记载的文化是由Kredel在20世纪20年代，谁不成功地试图用“悬滴法”12成长切碎的肿瘤。后来，博士。穆雷和烈性黑啤酒发表了他们在体外用生长在凝结人类血浆神经鞘瘤的文化体验。有趣的是，这种?...

前庭神经鞘瘤（VSS）代表雪旺氏细胞的前庭神经（SC）的肿瘤，危及所有颅内肿瘤1-3的10％。 VSS发生在任何偶发或家族（神经纤维瘤病2型，NF2）形式，既在NF2肿瘤抑制基因失活的缺陷有关 基因。治疗VSS通常是手术切除或放射治疗，但此类程序的发病率，包括耳聋，面部神经病变，脊髓液渗漏，不平衡，和肿瘤再生长1。另外不是所有的患者都可以接受手术或放疗的候选人。这种显著的发病率替代疗法，以及缺乏带动调查VSS的独特分子生物学在开发新的治疗方法3,4的希望。 细胞培养允许潜在的治疗COM的分子和细胞行为和筛选的快速，轻便，并深入分析磅。从历史上看，缺乏新鲜组织标本，事实上，神经鞘瘤细胞不会永生都显著阻碍了利用原代培养的神经鞘瘤肿瘤发生的研究。为了克服原代培养的供应有限，是由转导与HPV E6和E7癌基因5所产生的永生HEI193 VS细胞系。这种致癌转导介绍显著分子和表型改变的细胞，从而限制了其作为一种模式为人类神经鞘瘤的使用。从缺乏功能性NF2基因的转基因小鼠系衍生的资深大律师代表的文化研究在体外NF2依赖SC肿瘤发生另一种选择。然而，这些文化不能概括人类VSS或帐户人类特定行为的异质性。以往大多数VS培养技术需要相对较长的处理时间和复杂的选择性培养技术6-8。在这里，我们提出了一个简单的，可重复的协议，用于原发性VS细胞培养与完整的处理下3小时，用95％的肿瘤细胞的纯度，通过免疫测定。

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Poly-L-Ornithine, 0.01% Solution</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">P4957</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Cell Culture Surface Treatment</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Laminin Mouse Protein&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Gibco</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">23017-015 / L2020</td>
			<td>Cell Culture Surface Treatment</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">0.2% Collagenase (dissolved in HBSS -/-)</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">C2674</td>
			<td>Dissociation Reagent</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">0.25% Trypsin</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Gibco</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">25200-056</td>
			<td>Dissociation Reagent</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">TPS 100mm Round Culture Dish</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Midwest Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">TP93100</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Permanox 4 well slide</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">1256521</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Permanox 8 well slide</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">1256522</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Suction Filter Flask</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Midwest Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">TP99500</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">15ml Conical Tube</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Midwest Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">TP91015</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">50ml Conical Tube</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Midwest Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">TP91050</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">2mL Round Bottom Tube</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">USA Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">1620-2700</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Small Scissor</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">FST</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">14058-11</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Small Forceps</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">FST</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">11251-20</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Scalpel Handle</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">FST</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">10004-13</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">#11 Scalpel Blade</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Roboz</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">RS-9801-11</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Non-Tissue Culture 100mm Round Petri Dish</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">50-820-904</td>
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			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">P1000 Pipetteman</td>
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			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Sterile, Non-Filtered P1000 Pipette Tips</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Midwest Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">TD1250R</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Insulated Ice Cooler</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Culture Hood&#160;</td>
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			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Centrifuge&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Eppendorf -5810R</td>
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			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Hanks Balanced Salt Solution (HBSS) +/+ (w/ Ca2+, Mg2+)&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Gibco</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">24020-117</td>
			<td>Schwannoma Culture and Media Components</td>
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			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Hanks Balanced Salt Solution (HBSS) -/- (w/out Ca2+, Mg2+)</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Gibco</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">14170-112</td>
			<td>Schwannoma Culture and Media Components</td>
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			<td height="63" style="height:63px;width:216px;">Dulbecco&#8217;s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM), High Glucose, w/ Phenol Red</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Gibco</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">11965-092</td>
			<td>Schwannoma Culture and Media Components</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">N2 Supplement</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Gibco</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">17502-048</td>
			<td>Schwannoma Culture and Media Components</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Fetal Bovine Serum</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Gibco</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">26140-079</td>
			<td>Schwannoma Culture and Media Components</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Penicillin - Streptomycin</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Gibco</td>
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			<td>Schwannoma Culture and Media Components</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Bovine Insulin (1mg/ml 200x)</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">I6634</td>
			<td>Schwannoma Culture and Media Components</td>
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primary culture of human vestibular schwannomas

前庭神经鞘瘤（VSS）代表雪旺氏细胞的前庭神经（SC）的肿瘤，危及所有颅内肿瘤的10％。 VSS发生在任何偶发或家族（神经纤维瘤病2型，NF2）形式，既在NF2肿瘤抑制基因失活的缺陷有关 基因。治疗VSS通常是手术切除或放射治疗，但此类程序的发病率，带动调查微创治疗。从历史上看，缺乏新鲜组织标本，事实上，神经鞘瘤细胞不会永生都显著阻碍了利用原代培养的神经鞘瘤肿瘤发生的研究。为了克服原代培养的供应有限，是由转导与HPV E6和E7癌基因产生的永生HEI193 VS细胞系。这种致癌转导介绍显著分子和表型改变的细胞，从而限制了其作为一种模式为人类的使用chwannoma肿瘤。因此，我们说明了一个简单的，可重复的协议，用于原代人类文化VS细胞。这很容易掌握技术允许分子和细胞研究能够更准确地概括了VS疾病的复杂性。

正确的肿瘤碎片是最佳的播种和生长在组织培养皿中（ 图1）是必不可少的。神经鞘瘤细胞的过程中电镀后的第一天鉴定是非常困难的，由于遮蔽细胞碎片和红血细胞的数量。由第 4或第 5天，贴壁附近的肿瘤细胞碎片扩展将创建可识别的“花边”模式的瓦砾中。随后的媒体的变化通常由第二周除去大部分的非贴壁细胞。使用这种方法，90％汇合可以7-14天之间所预期的?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Primary Culture of Human Vestibular Schwannomas at JoVE.com

Primary Culture of Human Vestibular Schwannomas

前庭神经鞘瘤（VSS）是雪旺细胞（SC）的原点非恶性肿瘤，与在NF2的肿瘤抑制基因的突变相关联。我们提出一个可重复的，高效的协议，用于原代人类VS细胞培养，允许分子和细胞实验操作和分析，概括人类疾病的异质性。

人体前庭神经鞘瘤的原代培养

Vestibular schwannomas (VSs) represent Schwann cell (SC) tumors of the vestibular nerve, compromising 10% of all intracranial neoplasms. VSs occur in ...

primary-culture-of-human-vestibular-schwannomas

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

12.7K 次观看.  University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics. 前庭神经鞘瘤（VSS）是雪旺细胞（SC）的原点非恶性肿瘤，与在NF2的肿瘤抑制基因的突变相关联。我们提出一个可重复的，高效的协议，用于原代人类VS细胞培养，允许分子和细胞实验操作和分析，概括人类疾病的异质性。 

视频: Primary Culture of Human Vestibular Schwannomas

Skin Punch Biopsy Explant Culture for Derivation of Primary Human Fibroblasts

Tissues and cell lines derived from an individual with disease are ideal sources to study disease-related cellular phenotypes. Patient-derived fibroblasts in this protocol have been successfully used in the derivation of induced pluripotent stem cells to model disease1. Early passages of these fibroblasts can also be used for cell-based functional assays to study specific disease pathways, mechanisms2 and subsequent drug screening approaches. The advantage of the presented protocol over enzymatic procedures are 1) the reproducibility of the technique from small amounts of tissue derived from older patients, e.g. patients affected with Parkinson's disease, 2) the technically simple approach over more challenging methodologies using enzymatic treatments, and 3) the time consideration: this protocol takes 15-20 min and can be performed immediately after biopsy arrival. Enzymatic treatments can take up to 4 hr and have the problems of overdigestion, reduction of cell viability and subsequent attachment of cells when not handled properly. This protocol describes the dissection and preparation of a 4-mm human skin biopsy for derivation of a fibroblast culture and has a very high success rate which is important when dealing with patient-derived tissue samples. In this culture, keratinocytes migrate out of the biopsy tissue within the first week after preparation. Fibroblasts appear 7-10 days after the first outgrowth of keratinocytes. DMEM high glucose media supplemented with 20% FBS favors the growth of fibroblasts over keratinocytes and fibroblasts will overgrow the keratinocytes. After 2 passages keratinocytes have been diluted out resulting in relatively homogenous fibroblast cultures which expresses the fibroblast marker SERPINH1 (HSP-47). Using this approach, 15-20 million fibroblasts can be derived in 4-8 weeks for cell banking. The skin dissection takes about 15-20 min, cells are then monitored once a day under the microscope, and media is changed every 2-3 days after attachment and outgrowth of cells.

The fibroblast explant culture protocol from human skin punch biopsies is a technically robust and simple way to derive skin cells within 4-8 weeks for banking of about 15-20 million cells at a low passage number.

推导人类纤维原细胞的皮肤穿刺活检植文化

Tissues and cell lines derived from an individual with disease are ideal sources to study disease-related cellular phenotypes. Patient-derived fibroblasts ...

科研

医学

In vitro Organoid Culture of Primary Mouse Colon Tumors

Several human and murine colon cancer cell lines have been established, physiologic integrity of colon tumors such as multiple cell layers, basal-apical polarity, ability to differentiate, and anoikis are not maintained in colon cancer derived cell lines. The present study demonstrates a method for culturing primary mouse colon tumor organoids adapted from Sato T et al. 1, which retains important physiologic features of colon tumors. This method consists of mouse colon tumor tissue collection, adjacent normal colon epithelium dissociation, colon tumor cells digestion into single cells, embedding colon tumor cells into matrigel, and selective culture based on the principle that tumor cells maintain growth on limiting nutrient conditions compared to normal epithelial cells.
The primary tumor organoids if isolated from genetically modified mice provide a very useful system to assess tumor autonomous function of specific genes. Moreover, the tumor organoids are amenable to genetic manipulation by virus meditated gene delivery; therefore signaling pathways involved in the colon tumorigenesis could also be extensively investigated by overexpression or knockdown. Primary tumor organoids culture provides a physiologic relevant and feasible means to study the mechanisms and therapeutic modalities for colon tumorigenesis.

In vitro Organoid Culture of Primary Mouse Colon Tumors

A simple method to establish primary murine colon tumor organoid is described. This method utilizes the feature that colon tumor cells survive and grow into organoids in media containing limited growth factors, whereas normal colon epithelial do not.

在体外化培养基层小鼠结肠肿瘤

Several  human and murine colon cancer cell lines have been established, physiologic  integrity of colon tumors such as multiple cell layers, basal-apical ...

Isolation, Culture, and Imaging of Human Fetal Pancreatic Cell Clusters

For almost 30 years, scientists have demonstrated that human fetal ICCs transplanted under the kidney capsule of nude mice matured into functioning endocrine cells, as evidenced by a significant increase in circulating human C-peptide following glucose stimulation1-9. However in vitro, genesis of insulin producing cells from human fetal ICCs is low10; results reminiscent of recent experiments performed with human embryonic stem cells (hESC), a renewable source of cells that hold great promise as a potential therapeutic treatment for type 1 diabetes. Like ICCs, transplantation of partially differentiated hESC generate glucose responsive, insulin producing cells, but in vitro genesis of insulin producing cells from hESC is much less robust11-17. A complete understanding of the factors that influence the growth and differentiation of endocrine precursor cells will likely require data generated from both ICCs and hESC. While a number of protocols exist to generate insulin producing cells from hESC in vitro11-22, far fewer exist for ICCs10,23,24. Part of that discrepancy likely comes from the difficulty of working with human fetal pancreas. Towards that end, we have continued to build upon existing methods to isolate fetal islets from human pancreases with gestational ages ranging from 12 to 23 weeks, grow the cells as a monolayer or in suspension, and image for cell proliferation, pancreatic markers and human hormones including glucagon and C-peptide. ICCs generated by the protocol described below result in C-peptide release after transplantation under the kidney capsule of nude mice that are similar to C-peptide levels obtained by transplantation of fresh tissue6. Although the examples presented here focus upon the pancreatic endoderm proliferation and &#946;&#160;cell genesis, the protocol can be employed to study other aspects of pancreatic development, including exocrine, ductal, and other hormone producing cells.

A protocol to isolate, culture, and image islet cell clusters (ICCs) derived from human fetal pancreatic cells is described.&#160; The method details the steps necessary to generate ICCs from tissue, culture as monolayers or in suspension as aggregates, and image for markers of proliferation and pancreatic cell fate decisions.

分离，培养和成像胎儿胰腺细胞集群

For almost 30 years, scientists have demonstrated that human fetal ICCs transplanted under the kidney capsule of nude mice matured into functioning ...

A Three-dimensional Tissue Culture Model to Study Primary Human Bone Marrow and its Malignancies

Tissue culture has been an invaluable tool to study many aspects of cell function, from normal development to disease. Conventional cell culture methods rely on the ability of cells either to attach to a solid substratum of a tissue culture dish or to grow in suspension in liquid medium. Multiple immortal cell lines have been created and grown using such approaches, however, these methods frequently fail when primary cells need to be grown ex vivo. Such failure has been attributed to the absence of the appropriate extracellular matrix components of the tissue microenvironment from the standard systems where tissue culture plastic is used as a surface for cell growth. Extracellular matrix is an integral component of the tissue microenvironment and its presence is crucial for the maintenance of physiological functions such as cell polarization, survival, and proliferation. Here we present a 3-dimensional tissue culture method where primary bone marrow cells are grown in extracellular matrix formulated to recapitulate the microenvironment of the human bone (rBM system). Embedded in the extracellular matrix, cells are supplied with nutrients through the medium supplemented with human plasma, thus providing a comprehensive system where cell survival and proliferation can be sustained for up to 30 days while maintaining the cellular composition of the primary tissue. Using the rBM system we have successfully grown primary bone marrow cells from normal donors and patients with amyloidosis, and various hematological malignancies. The rBM system allows for direct, in-matrix real time visualization of the cell behavior and evaluation of preclinical efficacy of novel therapeutics. Moreover, cells can be isolated from the rBM and subsequently used for in vivo transplantation, cell sorting, flow cytometry, and nucleic acid and protein analysis. Taken together, the rBM method provides a reliable system for the growth of primary bone marrow cells under physiological conditions.

In standard culture methods cells are taken out of their physiological environment and grown on the plastic surface of a dish. To study the behavior of primary human bone marrow cells we created a 3-D culture system where cells are grown under conditions recapitulating the native microenvironment of the tissue.

三维组织培养模型研究人类原发性骨髓和恶性肿瘤

Tissue culture has been an invaluable tool to study many aspects of cell function, from normal development to disease. Conventional cell culture methods ...

Three-dimensional Alginate-bead Culture of Human Pituitary Adenoma Cells

A three-dimensional culture method is described in which primary pituitary adenoma cells are grown in alginate beads. Alginate is a polymer derived from brown sea algae. Briefly, the tumor tissue is cut into small pieces and submitted to an enzymatic digestion with collagenase and trypsin. Next, a cell suspension is obtained. The tumor cell suspension is mixed with 1.2% sodium alginate and dropped into a CaCl2 solution, and the alginate/cell suspension is gelled on contact with the CaCl2 to form spherical beads. The cells embedded in the alginate beads are supplied with nutrients provided by the culture media enriched with 20% FBS. Three-dimensional culture in alginate beads maintains the viability of adenoma cells for long periods of time, up to four months. Moreover, the cells can be liberated from the alginate by washing the beads with sodium citrate and seeded on glass coverslips for further immunocytochemical analyses. The use of a cell culture model allows for the fixation and visualization of the actin cytoskeleton with minimal disorganization. In summary, alginate beads provide a reliable culture system for the maintenance of pituitary adenoma cells.

Three-dimensional culture in alginate beads, due to its simplicity and reproducibility, was chosen to maintain the pituitary adenoma cells. The procedures included an initial enzymatic digestion and mechanical dissociation of the tumor tissue, and the subsequent cell suspension was encapsulated in alginate beads.

人垂体腺瘤细胞的三维海藻酸钠珠文化

A three-dimensional culture method is described in which primary pituitary adenoma cells are grown in alginate beads. Alginate is a polymer derived from ...

Isolation and Culture of Primary Endothelial Cells from Canine Arteries and Veins

Cardiovascular disease is studied in both human and veterinary medicine. Endothelial cells have been used extensively as an in vitro model to study vasculogenesis, (tumor) angiogenesis, and atherosclerosis. The current standard for in vitro research on human endothelial cells (ECs) is the use of Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVECs) and Human Umbilical Artery Endothelial Cells (HUAECs). For canine endothelial research, only one cell line (CnAOEC) is available, which is derived from canine aortic endothelium. Although currently not completely understood, there is a difference between ECs originating from either arteries or veins. For a more direct approach to in vitro functionality studies on ECs, we describe a new method for isolating Canine Primary Endothelial Cells (CaPECs) from a variety of vessels. This technique reduces the chance of contamination with fast-growing cells such as fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells, a problem that is common in standard isolation methods such as flushing the vessel with enzymatic solutions or mincing the vessel prior to digestion of the tissue containing all cells. The technique we describe was optimized for the canine model, but can easily be utilized in other species such as human.

Novel isolation methods of primary endothelial cells from blood vessels are needed. This protocol describes a new technique that completely inverts blood vessels of interest, exposing only the endothelial side to enzymatic digestion. The resulting pure endothelial cell culture can be used to study cardiovascular diseases, disease modelling, and angiogenesis.

分离培养犬从动脉和静脉主血管内皮细胞

Cardiovascular disease is studied in both human and veterinary medicine. Endothelial cells have been used extensively as an in vitro model to study ...

Isolation of Primary Human Decidual Cells from the Fetal Membranes of Term Placentae

The decidua, also known as the pregnant endometrium, is a critically important reproductive tissue. Decidual cells, comprised mainly of decidualized stromal cells and immune cells, are responsible for the secretion of hormonal and inflammatory factors which are critical for successful blastocyst implantation, placental development and play a role in the initiation of labor at term and preterm. Many pregnancy complications can arise from perturbations of a fine balance of different cell populations comprising decidua. Alterations in the proportion of specific decidual cell types may disrupt these crucial processes and increase the risk of developing serious complications of pregnancy, such as embryo implantation failure, intrauterine growth restriction, preeclampsia and preterm labor. The protocol outlined here demonstrates a cost and time effective method for the isolation of primary human decidual cells collected from the fetal membranes of term placentae. By combining enzymatic digestion and gentle mechanical disruption of the decidual tissue, a high yield of decidual cells was obtained with virtually no chorion contamination. Importantly, isolated decidual cells were characterized (stromal cells (55-60%), leukocytes (35%), epithelial (1%) or trophoblast (0.01%) cells) and maintained high viability (80%) which was confirmed by multicolor imaging flow cytometry assay. This protocol is specific to the decidua parietalis and can be adapted to first and second trimester placentae. Once isolated, decidual cells can be used for a multitude of experimental applications aiming to understand the role of different decidual cell sub-populations in pregnancy complications.

This protocol demonstrates a method for the isolation of primary human decidual cells collected from the fetal membranes of term placentae which can be used for a variety of applications (i.e. immunocytochemistry, flow cytometry, etc.) aiming to study the role of different cell populations in pregnancy complications.

足月胎盘胎膜中原发性人蜕细胞的分离

The decidua, also known as the pregnant endometrium, is a critically important reproductive tissue. Decidual cells, comprised mainly of decidualized ...

Muscle Imbalances: Testing and Training Functional Eccentric Hamstring Strength in Athletic Populations

Many hamstring injuries that occur during physical activity occur while the muscles are lengthening, during eccentric hamstring muscle actions. Opposite of these eccentric hamstring actions are concentric quadriceps actions, where the larger and likely stronger quadriceps straighten the knee. Therefore, to stabilize the lower limbs during movement, the hamstrings must eccentrically combat against the strong knee-straightening torque of the quadriceps. As such, eccentric hamstring strength expressed relative to concentric quadricep strength is commonly referred to as the &#34;functional ratio&#34; as most movements in sports require simultaneous concentric knee extension and eccentric knee flexion. To increase the strength, resiliency, and functional performance of the hamstrings, it is necessary to test and train the hamstrings at different eccentric speeds. The main purpose of this work is to provide instructions for measuring and interpreting eccentric hamstring strength. Techniques for measuring the functional ratio using isokinetic dynamometry are provided and sample data will be compared. Additionally, we briefly describe how to address hamstring strength deficiencies or unilateral strength differences using exercises that specifically focus on increasing eccentric hamstring strength.

The hamstrings are a group of muscles that are sometimes problematic for athletes, resulting in soft tissue injury in the lower limbs. To prevent such injuries, functional training of the hamstrings requires intensive eccentric contractions. Additionally, hamstring function should be tested in relation to quadricep function at different contraction speeds.

肌肉失衡: 运动人群功能性偏心肌筋强度的检测与训练

Many hamstring injuries that occur during physical activity occur while the muscles are lengthening, during eccentric hamstring muscle actions. Opposite ...

Surgical Labyrinthectomy of the Rat to Study the Vestibular System

To study the vestibular system or the vestibular compensation process, a number of methods have been developed to cause vestibular damage, including surgical or chemical labyrinthectomy and vestibular neurectomy. Surgical labyrinthectomy is a relatively simple, reliable, and rapid method. Here, we describe the surgical technique for rat labyrinthectomy. A postauricular incision is made under general anesthesia to expose the external auditory canal and the tympanic membrane, after which the tympanic membrane and the ossicles are removed without the stapes. The stapes artery, which is located between the stapes and the oval window, is a vulnerable structure and must be preserved to obtain a clear surgical field. A hole to fenestrate the vestibule is made with a 2.1-mm drill bur superior to the stapes. Then, 100% ethanol is injected through this hole and aspirated several times. Meticulous dissection under a microscope and careful bleeding control are essential to obtain reliable results. Symptoms of vestibular loss, such as nystagmus, head tilting, and a rolling motion, are seen immediately after surgery. The rotarod or rotation chair test can be used to objectively and quantitatively evaluate the vestibular function.

This protocol describes the surgical labyrinthectomy of a rat, which is a useful method for studying the vestibular system.

大鼠前庭系统的外科迷路切除术研究

To study the vestibular system or the vestibular compensation process, a number of methods have been developed to cause vestibular damage, including ...

Characterization of a Novel Human Organotypic Retinal Culture Technique

Previous human organotypic retinal culture (HORC) models have utilized detached retinas; however, without the structural support conferred by retinal pigment epithelium-choroid (RPE-choroid) and sclera, the integrity of the fragile retina can easily be compromised. The aim of this study was to develop a novel HORC model that contains the retina, RPE-choroid and sclera to maintain retinal integrity when culturing retinal explants.
After cutting circumferentially along the limbus to remove iris and lens, four deep incisions were made to flatten the eyecup. In contrast to previous HORC protocols, a trephine was used to cut through not only the retina but also the RPE-choroid and sclera. The resultant triple-layered explants were cultured for 72 h. Hematoxylin and Eosin staining (H&#38;E) was used to assess anatomical structures and retinal explants were further characterized by immunohistochemistry (IHC) for apoptosis, M&#252;ller cell integrity and retinal inflammation. To confirm the possibility of disease induction, explants were exposed to high glucose (HG) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (Cyt), to mimic diabetic retinopathy (DR). The Luminex magnetic bead assay was used to measure DR-related cytokines released into the culture medium.
H&#38;E staining revealed distinct retinal lamellae and compact nuclei in retinal explants with the underlying RPE-choroid and sclera, while retinas without the underlying structures exhibited reduced thickness and severe nuclei loss. IHC results indicated absence of apoptosis and retinal inflammation as well as preserved M&#252;ller cell integrity. The Luminex&#160;assays showed significantly increased secretion of DR-associated pro-inflammatory cytokines in retinal explants exposed to HG + Cyt relative to baseline levels at 24 h.
We successfully developed and characterized a novel HORC protocol in which retinal integrity was preserved without apoptosis or retinal inflammation. Moreover, the induced secretion of DR-associated pro-inflammatory biomarkers when exposing retinal explants to HG + Cyt suggests that this model could be used for clinically translatable retinal disease studies.

This study aims to develop a novel human organotypic retinal culture (HORC) model that prevents compromising retinal integrity during explant handling. This is achieved by culturing the retina with the overlying vitreous and the underlying retinal pigment&#160;epithelium-choroid (RPE-choroid) and sclera.

新型人类组织特征视网膜培养技术的特征

Previous human organotypic retinal culture (HORC) models have utilized detached retinas; however, without the structural support conferred by retinal ...