1。セットアップアライメント<ol><li>ほぼ同じ軸上にレーザビームexpender、レンズ、カメラを位置合わせすることによって開始し、これは光軸である。 </li><li> （USATターゲットなし）レーザーの電源を入れ、光がレンズの中心を通過することを確認してください。確認するために開口絞りを使用してください。 </li><li>カメラの電源を入れ、光がカメラの中心に焦点を当てていることを確認してください。 </li><li>リニアZステージを使用して、カメラをバックにシフト。システムが合って起こっているので、光のスポットが大きくなります。スポットの中心が同じ横位置のままであることを確認してください。そうでない場合は、慎重にイメージングシステムの位置を変更したり、スポットがピクセル·レベルまで、同じ空間位置に残るまで、この手順を繰り返します。 </li></ol> 2。三つのデフォーカス飛行機でのイメージング<ol><li>ビームexpenderの前にテスト対象を挿入します。それを通過する光は目を通過するように目標を置きますレンズのラフセンター。 </li><li>イメージをキャプチャします。この画像はアンカーポイントとなり、その位置はZ 0になり、X 0（他のすべての画像がその場所への参照になります）。この画像は私が1、Bになります。 </li><li> DZ = 5.08ミリメートル（または0.2）での距離（直線Zステージを使用して）、カメラをバックにシフトしてイメージをキャプチャします。この画像は、I 2、Bになります。 </li><li>カメラのDZ = 5.08ミリメートル（Z 0からの相対10.16ミリメートル）の別の距離をバックにシフトしてイメージをキャプチャします。この画像は私が3、Bになります。 </li><li>バックZ 0に戻ります。 </li></ol> 3。開口部をスキャンする<ol><li> （直線xのステージを使用して）横方向にdxの= 2.5mmの距離を全体の撮像システムをシフトして画像を取り込む。この画像は私が1、となります。 </li><li>プロトコル2での処理を繰り返します。 （線状のzステージを使用して）、カメラのdz = 5.08ミリメートルの距離をバックシフトし、画像を取り込む（I 2、a）に 。目をバックにシフトEカメラDZ = 5.08ミリメートルの別の距離、画像を取り込む（I 3、A）。 </li><li>さて、もう一方の側のために手順を繰り返します。イメージングシステムをDX = -2.5ミリメートルの距離をシフトし、3つのZ位置に3組の画像をキャプチャ（I 1-3、C）。 </li><li> Z 0、X 0に戻ります。 </li></ol> 4。位相回復（数値計算） <ol><li>私は、私は、検索された相を用いた。B、画像の光位相を取得し、B、3面法14、および画像を1 1-3使用して、Q 1、Bを定義します。 </li><li>反復プロセスが収束しないことを確認するために、2 | qは1、B | I 1、b及び間の相関係数を監視する。そのためには、MATLABの「CORR2 &#39;関数を使用します。 </li><li>私1-3、およびI 1-3、Cの場合は位相回復プロセスを繰り返します。 </li></ol> 5。スーパー解像度画像（数値計算） <ol><li> Uインテグラル15、背面レンズ面にフィールドをQ 1、ACを伝播フレネル自由空間伝搬（FSP）を歌う。これらのフィールドは、電子レンズ、AC +になります。 </li><li>バックレンズを通過するためには、EXP（+πix0 2）/λF）によって生じたフィールドに電子レンズは、AC +を掛けます。 -これらのフィールドは、電子レンズ、ACになります。 </li><li>フィールドÊ レンズを配置するために、元の位置で、横方向のdx = 2.5mmの距離を、それをシフトする。 </li><li>フィールドÊ レンズを配置するために、元の位置における c、横方向のdx = -2.5ミリメートルの距離を、それをシフトする。 </li><li>それらを結合、および合成開口サイズを大きくするために、三つのフィールドÊ レンズ、交流を合計する。 </li><li>像面に伝播EXP（-πix0 2）/λF）、フリースペースで結果のフィールドを掛けます。 </li><li>係数Oによる分解能向上走査方向のF 3を目撃しなければならない。 </li></ol>

<ol>
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開示することは何もありません。

本論文で提示されている光学用合成開口レーダ（OSAR）の概念は、スキャンの方向に物体の空間分解能を向上させるために、GSアルゴリズムと走査技術を使用して新しいスーパー解決アプローチです。空中または衛星プラットフォームを使用しながら、撮影台の移動は、自己生成することができる。多くの時間多重SR技術とは異なり、我々の方法は、画像化プロセス中に静止しているという事?...

レーダイメージングでは、パルス無線周波数（RF）の狭角ビームは、プラットフォーム上に装着されたアンテナを用いて送信される。レーダ信号は、表面1,2に向けた側に見える方向に送信します。反射信号は、表面から後方散乱され、同じアンテナ2で受信される。受信された信号は、レーダー画像に変換される。実開口レーダ（RAR）においてアジマス方向の分解能は波長に比例し、開口寸法3に反比例する。このように、より大きなアンテナが高い方位分解能に必要です。しかし、このような航空機や人工衛星等の移動プラットフォームに大アンテナを取り付けることは困難である。 1951年、ワイリー4は撮影台の移動によって作成されたドップラー効果を利用した合成開口レーダ（SAR）と呼ばれる新しいレーダー技術を提案した。 SARは、振幅並びに受信信号の位相が記録されている5 </SUP&gt;。 SAR光周波数が約1〜100ギガヘルツ6と位相は、プラットフォーム上にインストール基準局所共振器を用いて記録されているので、これは可能である。光学イメージングにおいて、より短い波長は、例えば約10〜14ヘルツの、すなわち 、可視および近赤外（NIR）、約1μmである周波数として、使用されている。むしろフィールド自体よりも電界強度は、標準的なシリコンベースの検出器を用いて検出するための速すぎる光学位相が変化するので検出されている。 光学系を介して被写体を撮像しつつ、光学系の開口は、ローパスフィルタとして機能する。このように、対象物の高域空間情報は、7を失っている。本論文では、位相が失われ、回折限界の影響、 すなわち 、別々に上記の問題のそれぞれを解決することを目指しています。 Gerchbergとサクストン（GS）8は、光の位相をretrieできることが示唆反復プロセスを使用してVED。 Misell 9月11日は、任意の2つの入力と出力の飛行機のためのアルゴリズムを拡張しました。これらのアプローチは、最小平均二乗誤差（MSE）12,13と位相分布に収束することが証明されている。 GURとZalevsky 14は Misellアルゴリズムを改善し3平面方式を提示した。 我々は、SARアプリケーションのアンテナを用いて行われるように、結像レンズをずらしながら位相を復元するボランティア合成的に走査軸に沿った開口部の有効サイズを増加させ、最終的に得られた撮像分解能を改善することを可能にすることを提案し、実験的に実証している。 ホログラフィ干渉法を用いる光学イメージングにおけるSARの適用は、16,17周知である。しかし、提案された方法は、（このような側面に見える空中プラットフォームとして）非コヒーレントイメージングに適して、走査型イメージングプラットフォームを模倣するために目的としています。このように、ホログラフィーの概念、WHIchが、参照ビームを使用するような用途には適していない。代わりに、修正されたGerchberg-Saxtonのアルゴリズムは、位相を取得するために使用される。

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="1141">
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		<col />
	</colgroup>
	<tbody>
		<tr height="22">
			<td align="left" height="22" style="height:22px;width:311px;">Red Laser Module</td>
			<td style="width:311px;">Thorlabs</td>
			<td style="width:259px;"><a href="http://thorlabs.com/thorProduct.cfm?partNumber=LDM635">LDM635</a></td>
			<td style="width:261px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td align="left" height="22" style="height:22px;width:311px;">10X Galilean Beam Expander</td>
			<td style="width:311px;">Thorlabs</td>
			<td style="width:259px;"><a href="http://thorlabs.com/thorProduct.cfm?partNumber=BE10M-A">BE10M-A</a></td>
			<td style="width:261px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td align="left" height="22" style="height:22px;width:311px;">Negative 1951 USAF Test Target</td>
			<td style="width:311px;">Thorlabs</td>
			<td style="width:259px;"><a href="http://thorlabs.com/thorProduct.cfm?partNumber=R3L3S1N">R3L3S1N</a></td>
			<td style="width:261px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td align="left" height="22" style="height:22px;width:311px;">Filter holder for 2&#34; Square Filters</td>
			<td style="width:311px;">Thorlabs</td>
			<td style="width:259px;"><a href="http://thorlabs.com/thorProduct.cfm?partNumber=FH2">FH2</a></td>
			<td style="width:261px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td align="left" height="22" style="height:22px;width:311px;">1&#34; Linear Translation Stage</td>
			<td style="width:311px;">Thorlabs</td>
			<td style="width:259px;"><a href="http://thorlabs.com/thorProduct.cfm?partNumber=PT1">PT1</a></td>
			<td style="width:261px;">X2</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td align="left" height="22" style="height:22px;width:311px;">Lens Mount for &#216;1&#34; Optics</td>
			<td style="width:311px;">Thorlabs</td>
			<td style="width:259px;"><a href="http://thorlabs.com/thorProduct.cfm?partNumber=LMR1">LMR1</a></td>
			<td style="width:261px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td align="left" height="22" style="height:22px;width:311px;">Lens f = 100.0mm</td>
			<td style="width:311px;">Thorlabs</td>
			<td style="width:259px;"><a href="http://thorlabs.com/thorProduct.cfm?partNumber=AC254-100-A">AC254-100-A</a></td>
			<td style="width:261px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td align="left" height="22" style="height:22px;width:311px;">Graduated Ring-Activated Iris Diaphragm</td>
			<td style="width:311px;">Thorlabs</td>
			<td style="width:259px;"><a href="http://www.thorlabs.com/thorproduct.cfm?partnumber=SM1D12C">SM1D12C</a></td>
			<td style="width:261px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td align="left" height="22" style="height:22px;width:311px;">2.5x2.5mm Aperture &#216;1&#34;</td>
			<td style="width:311px;"></td>
			<td style="width:259px;"></td>
			<td style="width:261px;">Indoor production</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td align="left" height="22" style="height:22px;width:311px;">High Resolution CMOS Camera</td>
			<td style="width:311px;">Thorlabs</td>
			<td style="width:259px;"><a href="http://thorlabs.com/thorProduct.cfm?partNumber=DCC1545M">DCC1545M</a></td>
			<td style="width:261px;"></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

time multiplexing super resolving technique for imaging from a moving platform

我々は、オブジェクトの解像度を増加させ、そのような空中プラットフォームまたは衛星等の移動撮像システムの上に設置された光学系の回折限界を克服するための方法を提案する。解像度向上は、2段階のプロセスで得られる。まず、3つの低解像度の異なる方法でデフォーカス画像がキャプチャされ、光位相は、改善された反復Gerchberg-サクストンベースのアルゴリズムを使用して取得されます。位相回復は数値的に戻って開口面にフィールドを伝播することができます。第二に、撮像システムがシフトされ、最初のステップは繰り返される。開口面で得られた光のフィールドが組み合わされ、合成的に増加したレンズ口径より高い撮像分解能が得られる、移動方向に沿って生成される。この方法は、マイクロ波領域からよく知られているアプローチは、アンテナのサイズは、合成プラットフォームに沿って増加させた合成開口レーダ（SAR）と呼ばれる類似している伝搬方向。提案手法は、実験室での実験により実証されている。

<html> 9撮影画像（三横方向位置三デフォーカス画像）の例を図3に示されている。 GS収束のための例が図4に示されている。中央の画像の相関係数I 1、bは 0.95以上である、及び側面画像I 1の相関係数、およびI 1、cは （それらはすべて150を通過した完全な数値シミュレーションにおいて）、0.85以上である。 <p class...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Time Multiplexing Super Resolving Technique for Imaging from a Moving Platform at JoVE.com

Time Multiplexing Super Resolving Technique for Imaging from a Moving Platform

光の回折限界を克服するための方法が提示される。光学的反復Gerchberg-Saxtonのアルゴリズムを用いて位相回復、及び第1ステップの繰り返しが続くイメージングシステムシフト：この方法は、二段階プロセスを含む。合成的に増加したレンズ口径より高い撮像分解能が得られる、移動方向に沿って生成される。

可動プラットホームからの撮像のための時間多重超解像技術

We propose a method for increasing the resolution of an object and overcoming the diffraction limit of an optical system installed on top of a moving ...

time-multiplexing-super-resolving-technique-for-imaging-from-moving

Research

JoVE Journal

Engineering

8.3K ビュー.  Bar-Ilan University. 光の回折限界を克服するための方法が提示される。光学的反復Gerchberg-Saxtonのアルゴリズムを用いて位相回復、及び第1ステップの繰り返しが続くイメージングシステムシフト：この方法は、二段階プロセスを含む。合成的に増加したレンズ口径より高い撮像分解能が得られる、移動方向に沿って生成される。 

ビデオ: Time Multiplexing Super Resolving Technique for Imaging from a Moving Platform

Visualization of High Speed Liquid Jet Impaction on a Moving Surface

Two apparatuses for examining liquid jet impingement on a high-speed moving surface are described: an air cannon device (for examining surface speeds between 0 and 25 m/sec) and a spinning disk device (for examining surface speeds between 15 and 100 m/sec). The air cannon linear traverse is a pneumatic energy-powered system that is designed to accelerate a metal rail surface mounted on top of a wooden projectile. A pressurized cylinder fitted with a solenoid valve rapidly releases pressurized air into the barrel, forcing the projectile down the cannon barrel. The projectile travels beneath a spray nozzle, which impinges a liquid jet onto its metal upper surface, and the projectile then hits a stopping mechanism. A camera records the jet impingement, and a pressure transducer records the spray nozzle backpressure. The spinning disk set-up consists of a steel disk that reaches speeds of 500 to 3,000 rpm via a variable frequency drive (VFD) motor. A spray system similar to that of the air cannon generates a liquid jet that impinges onto the spinning disc, and cameras placed at several optical access points record the jet impingement. Video recordings of jet impingement processes are recorded and examined to determine whether the outcome of impingement is splash, splatter, or deposition. The apparatuses are the first that involve the high speed impingement of low-Reynolds-number liquid jets on high speed moving surfaces. In addition to its rail industry applications, the described technique may be used for technical and industrial purposes such as steelmaking and may be relevant to high-speed 3D printing.

Two experimental devices for examining liquid jet impingement on a high-speed moving surface are described: an air cannon device and a spinning disk device. The apparatuses are used to determine optimal approaches to the application of liquid friction modifier (LFM) onto rail tracks for top-of-rail friction control.

表面移動に高速液体ジェット宿便の可視化

Two apparatuses for examining liquid jet impingement on a high-speed moving surface are described: an air cannon device (for examining surface speeds ...

工学

Measurement of Scattering Nonlinearities from a Single Plasmonic Nanoparticle

Plasmonics, which are based on the collective oscillation of electrons due to light excitation, involve strongly enhanced local electric fields and thus have potential applications in nonlinear optics, which requires extraordinary optical intensity. One of the most studied nonlinearities in plasmonics is nonlinear absorption, including saturation and reverse saturation behaviors. Although scattering and absorption in nanoparticles are closely correlated by the Mie theory, there has been no report of nonlinearities in plasmonic scattering until very recently. 
Last year, not only saturation, but also reverse saturation of scattering in an isolated plasmonic particle was demonstrated for the first time. The results showed that saturable scattering exhibits clear wavelength dependence, which seems to be directly linked to the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR). Combined with the intensity-dependent measurements, the results suggest the possibility of a common mechanism underlying the nonlinear behaviors of scattering and absorption. These nonlinearities of scattering from a single gold nanosphere (GNS) are widely applicable, including in super-resolution microscopy and optical switches. 
In this paper, it is described in detail how to measure nonlinearity of scattering in a single GNP and how to employ the super-resolution technique to enhance the optical imaging resolution based on saturable scattering. This discovery features the first super-resolution microscopy based on nonlinear scattering, which is a novel non-bleaching contrast method that can achieve a resolution as low as l/8 and will potentially be useful in biomedicine and material studies.

Saturable and reverse saturable scattering were discovered in isolated plasmonic particles and adopted as a novel non-bleaching contrast method in super-resolution microscopy. Here the experimental procedures of detecting and extracting nonlinear scattering are explained in detail, as well as how to enhance resolution with the aid of saturated excitation microscopy.

シングルプラズモニックナノ粒子からの散乱非線形性の測定

Plasmonics, which are based on the collective oscillation of electrons due to light excitation, involve strongly enhanced local electric fields and thus ...

Use of a Multi-compartment Dynamic Single Enzyme Phantom for Studies of Hyperpolarized Magnetic Resonance Agents

Imaging of hyperpolarized substrates by magnetic resonance shows great clinical promise for assessment of critical biochemical processes in real time. Due to fundamental constraints imposed by the hyperpolarized state, exotic imaging and reconstruction techniques are commonly used. A practical system for characterization of dynamic, multi-spectral imaging methods is critically needed. Such a system must reproducibly recapitulate the relevant chemical dynamics of normal and pathological tissues. The most widely utilized substrate to date is hyperpolarized [1-13C]-pyruvate for assessment of cancer metabolism. We describe an enzyme-based phantom system that mediates the conversion of pyruvate to lactate. The reaction is initiated by injection of the hyperpolarized agent into multiple chambers within the phantom, each of which contains varying concentrations of reagents that control the reaction rate. Multiple compartments are necessary to ensure that imaging sequences faithfully capture the spatial and metabolic heterogeneity of tissue. This system will aid the development and validation of advanced imaging strategies by providing chemical dynamics that are not available from conventional phantoms, as well as control and reproducibility that is not possible in vivo.

A multi-compartment dynamic phantom is used to simulate some biology of interest for metabolic studies using hyperpolarized magnet resonance agents.

過分極磁気共鳴剤の研究のための多区画動的単一酵素ファントムの使用

Imaging of hyperpolarized substrates by magnetic resonance shows great clinical promise for assessment of critical biochemical processes in real time. Due ...

A High Performance Impedance-based Platform for Evaporation Rate Detection

This paper describes the method of a novel impedance-based platform for the detection of the evaporation rate. The model compound hyaluronic acid was employed here for demonstration purposes. Multiple evaporation tests on the model compound as a humectant with various concentrations in solutions were conducted for comparison purposes. A conventional weight loss approach is known as the most straightforward, but time-consuming, measurement technique for evaporation rate detection. Yet, a clear disadvantage is that a large volume of sample is required and multiple sample tests cannot be conducted at the same time. For the first time in literature, an electrical impedance sensing chip is successfully applied to a real-time evaporation investigation in a time sharing, continuous and automatic manner. Moreover, as little as 0.5 ml of test samples is required in this impedance-based apparatus, and a large impedance variation is demonstrated among various dilute solutions. The proposed high-sensitivity and fast-response impedance sensing system is found to outperform a conventional weight loss approach in terms of evaporation rate detection.

This paper presents an impedance-based apparatus for evaporation rate detection of solutions. It offers clear advantages over a conventional weight loss approach: a fast response, high-sensitivity detection, a small sample requirement, multiple sample measurements, and easy disassembly for cleaning and reuse purposes.

蒸発速度検出のための高性能インピーダンスベースのプラットフォーム

This paper describes the method of a novel impedance-based platform for the detection of the evaporation rate. The model compound hyaluronic acid was ...

A Robotic Platform to Study the Foreflipper of the California Sea Lion

The California sea lion (Zalophus californianus), is an agile and powerful swimmer. Unlike many successful swimmers (dolphins, tuna), they generate most of their thrust with their large foreflippers. This protocol describes a robotic platform designed to study the hydrodynamic performance of the swimming California sea lion (Zalophus californianus). The robot is a model of the animal&#39;s foreflipper that is actuated by motors to replicate the motion of its propulsive stroke (the &#39;clap&#39;). The kinematics of the sea lion&#39;s propulsive stroke are extracted from video data of unmarked, non-research sea lions at the Smithsonian Zoological Park (SNZ). Those data form the basis of the actuation motion of the robotic flipper presented here. The geometry of the robotic flipper is based a on high-resolution laser scan of a foreflipper of an adult female sea lion, scaled to about 60% of the full-scale flipper. The articulated model has three joints, mimicking the elbow, wrist and knuckle joint of the sea lion foreflipper. The robotic platform matches dynamics properties&#8212;Reynolds number and tip speed&#8212;of the animal when accelerating from rest. The robotic flipper can be used to determine the performance (forces and torques) and resulting flowfields.

A robotic platform is described that will be used to study the hydrodynamic performance&#8212;forces and flowfields&#8212;of the swimming California sea lion. The robot is a model of the animal&#39;s foreflipper that is actuated by motors to replicate the motion of its propulsive stroke (the &#39;clap&#39;).

カリフォルニアアシカのForeflipperを研究するためのロボットプラットフォーム

The California sea lion (Zalophus californianus), is an agile and powerful swimmer. Unlike many successful swimmers (dolphins, tuna), they generate most ...

Microfluidic Imaging Flow Cytometry by Asymmetric-detection Time-stretch Optical Microscopy (ATOM)

Scaling the number of measurable parameters, which allows for multidimensional data analysis and thus higher-confidence statistical results, has been the main trend in the advanced development of flow cytometry. Notably, adding high-resolution imaging capabilities allows for the complex morphological analysis of cellular/sub-cellular structures. This is not possible with standard flow cytometers. However, it is valuable for advancing our knowledge of cellular functions and can benefit life science research, clinical diagnostics, and environmental monitoring. Incorporating imaging capabilities into flow cytometry compromises the assay throughput, primarily due to the limitations on speed and sensitivity in the camera technologies. To overcome this speed or throughput challenge facing imaging flow cytometry while preserving the image quality, asymmetric-detection time-stretch optical microscopy (ATOM) has been demonstrated to enable high-contrast, single-cell imaging with sub-cellular resolution, at an imaging throughput as high as 100,000 cells/s. Based on the imaging concept of conventional time-stretch imaging, which relies on all-optical image encoding and retrieval through the use of ultrafast broadband laser pulses, ATOM further advances imaging performance by enhancing the image contrast of unlabeled/unstained cells. This is achieved by accessing the phase-gradient information of the cells, which is spectrally encoded into single-shot broadband pulses. Hence, ATOM is particularly advantageous in high-throughput measurements of single-cell morphology and texture &#8211; information indicative of cell types, states, and even functions. Ultimately, this could become a powerful imaging flow cytometry platform for the biophysical phenotyping of cells, complementing the current state-of-the-art biochemical-marker-based cellular assay. This work describes a protocol to establish the key modules of an ATOM system (from optical frontend to data processing and visualization backend), as well as the workflow of imaging flow cytometry based on ATOM, using human cells and micro-algae as the examples.

Microfluidic Imaging Flow Cytometry by Asymmetric-detection Time-stretch Optical Microscopy ATOM

This protocol describes the implementation of an asymmetric-detection time-stretch optical microscopy system for single-cell imaging in ultrafast microfluidic flow and its applications in imaging flow cytometry.

非対称検出時間ストレッチ光学顕微鏡（ATOM）によるマイクロ流体イメージングフローサイトメトリー

Scaling the number of measurable parameters, which allows for multidimensional data analysis and thus higher-confidence statistical results, has been the ...

Demonstration of a Hyperlens-integrated Microscope and Super-resolution Imaging

The use of super-resolution imaging to overcome the diffraction limit of conventional microscopy has attracted the interest of researchers in biology and nanotechnology. Although near-field scanning microscopy and superlenses have improved the resolution in the near-field region, far-field imaging in real-time remains a significant challenge. Recently, the hyperlens, which magnifies and converts evanescent waves into propagating waves, has emerged as a novel approach to far-field imaging. Here, we report the fabrication of a spherical hyperlens composed of alternating silver (Ag) and titanium oxide (TiO2) thin layers. Unlike a conventional cylindrical hyperlens, the spherical hyperlens allows for two-dimensional magnification. Thus, incorporation into conventional microscopy is straightforward. A new optical system integrated with the hyperlens is proposed, allowing for a sub-wavelength image to be obtained in the far-field region in real time. In this study, the fabrication and imaging setup methods are explained in detail. This work also describes the accessibility and possibility of the hyperlens, as well as practical applications of real-time imaging in living cells, which can lead to a revolution in biology and nanotechnology.

The use of a hyperlens has been regarded as a novel super-resolution imaging technique due to its advantages in real-time imaging and its simple implementation with conventional optics. Here, we present a protocol describing the fabrication and imaging applications of a spherical hyperlens.

ハイパー レンズ一体型顕微鏡と超解像イメージングのデモ

The use of super-resolution imaging to overcome the diffraction limit of conventional microscopy has attracted the interest of researchers in biology and ...

Multiplexing Focused Ultrasound Stimulation with Fluorescence Microscopy

By focusing low-intensity ultrasound pulses that penetrate soft tissues, LIPUS represents a promising biomedical technology to remotely and safely manipulate neural firing, hormonal secretion and genetically-reprogrammed cells. However, the translation of this technology for medical applications is currently hampered by a lack of biophysical mechanisms by which targeted tissues sense and respond to LIPUS. A suitable approach to identify these mechanisms would be to use optical biosensors in combination with LIPUS to determine underlying signaling pathways. However, implementing LIPUS to a fluorescence microscope may introduce undesired mechanical artefacts due to the presence of physical interfaces that reflect, absorb and refract acoustic waves. This article presents a step-by-step procedure to incorporate LIPUS to commercially-available upright epi-fluorescence microscopes while minimizing the influence of physical interfaces along the acoustic path. A simple procedure is described to operate a single-element ultrasound transducer and to bring the focal zone of the transducer into the objective focal point. The use of LIPUS is illustrated with an example of LIPUS-induced calcium transients in cultured human glioblastoma cells measured using calcium imaging.

Low-Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound Stimulation (LIPUS) is a modality for non-invasive mechanical stimulation of endogenous or engineered cells with high spatial and temporal resolution. This article describes how to implement LIPUS to an epi-fluorescence microscope and how to minimize acoustic impedance mismatch along the ultrasound path to prevent unwanted mechanical artefacts.

多重蛍光顕微鏡と超音波刺激を集中

By focusing low-intensity ultrasound pulses that penetrate soft tissues, LIPUS represents a promising biomedical technology to remotely and safely ...

Measuring the Interaction Force Between a Droplet and a Super-hydrophobic Substrate by the Optical Lever Method

The goal of this paper is to investigate the interaction force between droplets and super-hydrophobic substrates in the air. A measurement system based on an optical lever method is designed. A millimetric cantilever is used as a force sensitive component in the measurement system. Firstly, the force sensitivity of the optical lever is calibrated using electrostatic force, which is the critical step in measuring interaction force. Secondly, three super-hydrophobic substrates with different grid fractions are prepared with nanoparticles and copper grids. Finally, the interaction forces between droplets and super-hydrophobic substrates with different grid fractions are measured by the system. This method can be used to measure the force on the scale of sub-micronewton with a resolution on the scale of nanonewton. The in-depth study of the contact process of droplets and super-hydrophobic structures can help to improve the production efficiency in coating, film and printing. The force measurement system designed in this paper can also be used in other fields of microforce measurement.

The protocol aims to investigate the interaction between droplets and super-hydrophobic substrates in the air. This includes calibrating the measurement system and measuring the interaction force at super-hydrophobic substrates with different grid fractions.

光レバー法による液滴と超疎水性基板間の相互作用力の測定

The goal of this paper is to investigate the interaction force between droplets and super-hydrophobic substrates in the air. A measurement system based on ...

Design, Instrumentation and Usage Protocols for Distributed In Situ Thermal Hot Spots Monitoring in Electric Coils using FBG Sensor Multiplexing

Random wound coils are a key operational element of most electric apparatus in modern industrial systems, including low voltage electric machines. One of the major current bottlenecks in improved exploitation of electrical devices is the high sensitivity of their wound components to in-service thermal stress. The application of conventional thermal sensing methods (e.g., thermocouples, resistance temperature detectors) for thermal condition monitoring of current carrying random wound coils can impose considerable operational limitations due to sensor size, EMI sensitivity and the existence of electrically conductive material in their construction. Another substantial limitation exists in distributed sensing applications and is caused by what is often a considerable length and volume of conventional sensor wiring leads.
This paper reports the design of a fiber optic FBG&#160;sensing system&#160;intended for enabling real-time distributed internal thermal&#160;condition monitoring within random wound coils. The procedure of random wound coil instrumentation with the FBG sensing system is reported in a case study on an IEEE standard wound coil representative of those utilized in electrical machines. The reported work also presents and discusses important practical and technical aspects of FBG sensing system implementation and application, including the FBG array geometry design, sensing head and fiber packaging, the sensor array installation and calibration procedure and the use of a commercial interrogation system for obtaining thermal measurements. Finally, the in situ multiplexed FBG sensing system thermal monitoring performance is demonstrated in representative static and dynamic thermal conditions.&#160;

This paper presents a protocol that enables instrumentation of random wound electric coils with fiber Bragg grating (FBG) thermal sensors for the purpose of distributed condition monitoring of internal thermal hot spots.

FBGセンサ多重法を用いた電気コイルにおけるその場での分散熱ホットスポットモニタリング用設計、計測、使用プロトコル

Random wound coils are a key operational element of most electric apparatus in modern industrial systems, including low voltage electric machines. One of ...