この研究は、バイオマテリアルやバイオメカニクスのためのミネソタ歯科研究センター（MDRCBB）によってサポートされていました。

注意：物質一覧に記載されているように、Z100、Z250およびLSを：三歯科用レジンコンポジットガラスキャビティを用いて調べた。これらの中で、LSは、（それぞれ約2％及び〜2.5％）、Z250及びZ100よりもはるかに低い周辺1.0％の体積収縮を有する低収縮性樹脂複合材料、18〜19であることが知られている。この研究で使用される装置及び他の材料もまた、資料一覧に記載されている。 1。モデル窩洞<ol><li>低速ダイヤモンドソーを用いて10 mmのロングショートロッドに、直径10ミリメートル、長い円筒状のガラス棒をカット。 </li><li>近心-遠位咬合- （MOD）空洞に適合低速ダイヤモンドソーを用いて、各試料中に3ミリメートル（幅）×2ミリメートル（深さ）を測定する（ 図1）を切断する。 </li><li> 図1に示すように、寸法を、キャビティの長さに対して垂直な平面を作成するために、各円筒形標本をダウン研磨平坦面がfoを可能にする正確なcusingと復元上の画像のキャリブレーション。今後は、 観測面と呼ぶことにする。 </li><li>試験した3つの材料の各々のための3つの試験片を準備します。Z100、Z250およびLS;材質の表を参照してください。 </li></ol> 2キャビティを樹脂コンポジットの充填<ol><li>すべてのガラスキャビティ表面をsilanizeするブラシでセラミックプライマーの薄い層を適用します。これはガラス表​​面と樹脂の複合材料との接着を可能にします。 </li><li>約1分後に、接着剤の薄層を適用する。複合Z100とZ250のための複合LSとAdper単結合PLUSのLS接着剤系を使用してください。 </li><li>製造業者の説明書（材料テーブル）に基づいて、硬化光および持続時間（10-20秒）で接着剤を硬化させる。 </li><li> 図2に示すように、観測面以外は黒テープで復元周辺のガラス表面を覆う。目的は到達硬化光を回避することである実際の歯には発生しません、周囲の透明なガラスを通して樹脂複合。 </li><li>樹脂複合して空洞をバルク記入し、すべての表面を平坦化する余分を掻き。 </li></ol> 3。表面塗装<ol><li>今樹脂複合体の一部を含む観察面上に白色塗料の薄層をスプレー。 </li><li>高コントラストスペックルを作成するために、塗料の上にすぐにいくつかの黒い細かい木炭粉末を振りかける。スペックルの不規則な形状は、DIC用ソフトウェアを使用して識別し、それらの動きを追跡するのに役立ちます。 </li></ol> 4。サンプル実装、硬化、と写真撮影<ol><li> 図2をホルダ（C）中に試料（E）を配置し、ネジ（D）で締め参照する。その後、大規模な水平ビームの最後にユニット全体を配置します。 </li><li>彼らはobservatioに直面するように、同じビーム上にCCDカメラと黄色の照明LEDライトを固定しますn個の面。 </li><li>調節可能なクランプでスタンドを用いて、その先端が試料上に約1mmであることを硬化光は、位置決めする。 </li><li>硬化前に参照画像を提供するために、試料の写真を撮る。 </li><li> 20秒間、樹脂複合材を硬化する。 </li><li>硬化後5分で、別の写真を撮る。 </li><li>観察面と同じ位置にキャリブレーションブロックを配置し、撮影してください。キャリブレーション·ブロックは、正確に既知のサイズと間隔の円形ドットの配列が含まれています。 </li></ol> DICソフトウェアによる5。画像解析<ol><li>各サンプル前1およびDICソフトウェアに、硬化後の1にかかる二つの絵をインポートします。 </li><li>画像の大きさを較正し、較正ブロックの画像を用いて画像の歪みを補正する。 。 </li><li>分析のための観察面内の関心領域を定義します。 </li><li> 64×64ピクセルと正方形のサブセットウィンドウのサイズを定義最初の反復と2回目の反復20 32×32ピクセル。 50％のオーバーラップを定義します。 </li><li>変位およびひずみの分布を計算するために、硬化前に撮影基準画像と硬化後の撮影画像を関連付ける。 </li></ol>

<ol>
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著者は、彼らが競合する経済的利益を持っていないことを宣言します。

収縮ひずみ測定用の同じ形状および寸法を有するガラスキャビティの使用は、天然のヒトの歯の大きさ、解剖学的構造および材料特性の違いによる結果のばらつきを最小限に抑えることであった。また、この研究で使用した溶融シリカガラスは、それまでの機械的挙動が21-22に関しては天然歯に適した模擬材料作り、エナメル質と類似のヤング率を有する。実際の歯の修復において、...

樹脂複合材料は、広くその優れた審美性及びハンドリング性の修復歯科学において使用される。しかし、歯の組織に接着されているにもかかわらず、樹脂複合材の重合収縮が開発収縮応力が歯修復インタフェース1 -2にデボンディング原因となり、臨床的関心事のまま。その結果、細菌が侵入して存在して失敗した地域で、二次カリエスになることがあります。復元がよく、歯に接着されている一方、収縮応力は、歯の組織においてクラックが発生することができる。これらの障害のいずれかが熱的および機械的荷重の多数のサイクルに供される、歯科修復物の寿命を危険にさらすであろう。 重合収縮ひずみと応力の測定は、このように歯科用レジンコンポジット3-4の開発と評価に必要不可欠となっている</SUP&gt;。種々の測定技術又は方法は、確実に樹脂複合材料の収縮挙動を測定するための簡単なセットアップを提供することを主な目的と5-11が開発されている。それらが提供する測定値が異なる材料の収縮挙動を比較するための十分であるかもしれないが、彼らはどのように、どこ収縮応力が実際の復元歯に発症の理解を助けていない。具体的には、大きな関心の問題は、キャビティ壁が歯科修復物12内の収縮応力の創造に複合材料およびリードの収縮を拘束する方法です。収縮応力は、樹脂複合材の収縮ひずみの一部を作成するために、なお、引張弾性歪みに変換されなければならない。修復の歪みのこの成分を測定することができれば有用であろう。近年、光全視野歪測定技術、デジタル画像相関（DIC）は、遊離shrinkaの測定に適用されている歯科修復物13〜15の樹脂複合材だけでなく、材料の流れのGE。 DICの基本的な考え方は、表面上の変位及び歪み場を決定することができるその変形中に撮影の連続画像から、試料表面上の可視パターンを追跡し、相関させることである。全視野測定は、不均一な変形や歪みパターン13を観察する際に特に有用であるDIC法の主な利点の一つである。本研究では、DICは収縮応力の発達を理解し、剥離のための潜在的部位を同定する目的で、歯科用樹脂複合修復の歪みパターンを発見するために使用した。この情報は、原因重合収縮への復帰の変位を測定した14〜15の上に引用した作品で直接使用できません。測定は、レプリカにしようとして、近心 - 咬合 - 遠位（MOD）歯の空洞に歯をシミュレートしたモデルを用いて行った実際の歯科修復物の応力やひずみをTEを本物の歯の使用は、より解剖学的に表しているが、それの欠点は、結果に大きな変動につながる解剖学、機械的性質、水和の程度だけでなく、目に見えない内部欠陥14における歯間に有意固有の違いである。このような欠点を克服するために、いくつかの研究では、口腔内のサイズ16またはサロゲート材料17のモデルと完全に歯を置き換えるという点でそれらをグループ化することによって、歯のサンプルを標準化しようとしています。たとえば、（それぞれ、69および83 GPaと）エナメル類似のヤング率を有するアルミニウムモデルは、カスプ偏向17によって示される収縮応力のレベルと、収縮応力測定に用いられている。材料はまた、·透明であるように、同様のヤング率（GPaの63）ヒトエナメル質を有しているため、本研究では、石英ガラスモデル（キャビティ）を代わりに使用したENT、検体中の任意の剥離やクラックが容易に観察することができる。

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="790">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:191px;">Dental composite Z100</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">3M ESPE</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">N362979</td>
			<td style="width:259px;">volume shrinkage ~ 2.5%, Young&#39;s modulus ~ 14 GPa</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:191px;">Dental composite Z250</td>
			<td>3M ESPE</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">N326080</td>
			<td style="width:259px;">volume shrinkage ~ 2.0%, Young&#39;s modulus ~ 11 GPa</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:191px;">Dental composite LS</td>
			<td>3M ESPE</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">N240313</td>
			<td style="width:259px;">volume shrinkage ~ 1%, Young&#39;s modulus ~ 10 GPa</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Ceramic Primer</td>
			<td>3M ESPE</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">N167818</td>
			<td style="width:259px;">Rely X</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">LS System Adhesive</td>
			<td>3M ESPE</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">N391675</td>
			<td style="width:259px;">Adhesive for compoiste LS</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Adper Single Bond Plus</td>
			<td>3M ESPE</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">501757</td>
			<td style="width:259px;">Adhesive for compoiste Z100 and Z250</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Glass rod&#160;</td>
			<td>Corning Inc.</td>
			<td>&#160;Pyrex 7740 borosilicate&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:259px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:191px;">Curing light&#160;</td>
			<td>3M ESPE</td>
			<td>Elipar S10&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:259px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:191px;">White paint&#160;</td>
			<td>Krylon Product Group</td>
			<td style="width:175px;"></td>
			<td style="width:259px;">Indoor/Outdoor, Flat white</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:191px;">Charcoal powder&#160;</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich, Co.</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">BCBH6518V</td>
			<td style="width:259px;">Fluka activated charcoal</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">CCD camera&#160;</td>
			<td>Point Grey Research, Inc.</td>
			<td>Point Grey Gras-20S4C-C</td>
			<td style="width:259px;"></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

shrinkage of dental composite in simulated cavity measured with digital image correlation

歯科用レジンコンポジットの重合収縮は、コンポジット·復元された歯に修復剥離やひび割れ歯の組織につながることができます。方法および収縮ひずみと応力は、復元された歯に開発を理解するために、デジタル画像相関（DIC）が施さ重合収縮を有したモデル修復内変位およびひずみ分布の包括的なビューを提供するために使用した。 モデル空洞を有する標本は、直径および長さの両方が10mmである円筒形ガラス棒で作られていた。各試料に調製近心 - 遠位咬合 - （MOD）キャビティの寸法は、それぞれ、幅及び深さ3mmから2mmの測定された。樹脂複合体で空洞を充填した後、観察下の表面は、白色塗料の第一の薄膜層と高コントラストのスペックルを作成するために、次いで微細な黒色木炭粉末を噴霧した。その面の写真は、その後、後硬化し、5分前に撮影された。 Fiのナリーは2つの写真は、変位及び歪み分布を計算するためにDICソフトウェアを使用して相関していた。 樹脂複合最大の下方への変位を持つ修復の上部中央部に、空洞の底部に向かって垂直方向に縮小して。同時に、それはその垂直正中線に向かって水平に収縮する。複合材料の収縮は咬頭たわみと復元の周りの高引張ひずみ、その結果、「歯の修復」界面近傍の材料を伸ばした。空洞壁や床に近い材料は主にインターフェースに垂直な方向に、直接株を持っていた。 2直接ひずみ成分の総和は回復を中心に比較的均一な分布を示し、その大きさは、材料の体積収縮ひずみを約等しかった。

3つの試験片を各材料について試験した。必要に応じて、各試験の後、試料を顕微鏡を用いて、目で検査し又はした。 「歯の修復」のインターフェイスやクラックの明らかな剥離が見つかりませんでした。 ピクチャの解像度は5.8ミリメートルのピクセルサイズを有する1,600×1,180ピクセルであった。 32ピクセルのサブセットのウィンドウサイズと、変位分布の空間分解能?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Shrinkage of Dental Composite in Simulated Cavity Measured with Digital Image Correlation at JoVE.com

Shrinkage of Dental Composite in Simulated Cavity Measured with Digital Image Correlation

歯科用樹脂複合修復における重合収縮応力の空間的な開発を理解するために、デジタル画像相関は、重合前及び後に撮影した修復物の画像を相関させることによって、復元されたモデルガラスキャビティの全視野変位/歪測定を提供するために使用した。

模擬空洞内に歯科用コンポジットの収縮は、デジタル画像相関で測定

Polymerization shrinkage of dental resin composites can lead to restoration debonding or cracked tooth tissues in composite-restored teeth. In order to ...

shrinkage-dental-composite-simulated-cavity-measured-with-digital

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

13.3K ビュー.  University of Minnesota. 歯科用樹脂複合修復における重合収縮応力の空間的な開発を理解するために、デジタル画像相関は、重合前及び後に撮影した修復物の画像を相関させることによって、復元されたモデルガラスキャビティの全視野変位/歪測定を提供するために使用した。 

ビデオ: Shrinkage of Dental Composite in Simulated Cavity Measured with Digital Image Correlation

Orthotopic Hind Limb Transplantation in the Mouse

In vivo animal model systems, and in particular mouse models, have evolved into powerful and versatile scientific tools indispensable to basic and translational research in the field of transplantation medicine. A vast array of reagents is available exclusively in this setting, including mono- and polyclonal antibodies for both diagnostic and interventional applications. In addition, a vast number of genotyped, inbred, transgenic, and knock out strains allow detailed investigation of the individual contributions of humoral and cellular components to the complex interplay of an immune response and make the mouse the gold standard for immunological research. 
Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation (VCA) delineates a novel field of transplantation using allografts to replace "like with like" in patients suffering traumatic or congenital tissue loss. This surgical methodological protocol shows the use of a non-suture cuff technique for super-microvascular anastomosis in an orthotopic mouse hind limb transplantation model. The model specifically allows for comparison between established paradigms in solid organ transplantation with a novel form of transplants consisting of various different tissue components. Uniquely, this model allows for the transplantation of a viable vascularized bone marrow compartment and niche that have the potential to exert a beneficial effect on the balance of immune acceptance and rejection. This technique provides a tool to investigate alloantigen recognition and allograft rejection and acceptance, as well as enables the pursuit of functional nerve regeneration studies to further advance this novel field of transplantation.

This novel model for orthotopic hind limb transplantation in the mouse, applying a non-suture cuff technique for super-microvascular anastomosis, provides a powerful tool for in&#160;vivo mechanistic immunological research related to vascularized composite allotransplantation (VCA).

マウスで同所後肢移植

In vivo animal model systems, and in particular mouse models, have evolved into powerful and versatile scientific tools indispensable to basic and ...

医学

Electrophysiological Assessment of Murine Atria with High-Resolution Optical Mapping

Recent genome-wide association studies targeting atrial fibrillation (AF) have indicated a strong association between the genotype and electrophysiological phenotype in the atria. That encourages us to utilize a genetically-engineered mouse model to elucidate the mechanism of AF. However, it is difficult to evaluate the electrophysiological properties in murine atria due to their small size. This protocol describes the electrophysiological evaluation of atria using an optical mapping system with a high temporal and spatial resolution in Langendorff perfused murine hearts. The optical mapping system is assembled with dual high-speed complementary metal oxide semiconductor cameras and high magnification objective lenses, to detect the fluorescence of a voltage-sensitive dye and Ca2+ indicator. To focus on the assessment of murine atria, optical mapping is performed with an area of 2 mm &#215; 2 mm or 10 mm x 10 mm, with a 100 &#215; 100 resolution (20 &#181;m/pixel or 100 &#181;m/pixel) and sampling rate of up to 10 kHz (0.1 ms) at maximum. A 1-French size quadripolar electrode pacing catheter is placed into the right atrium through the superior vena cava avoiding any mechanical damage to the atrium, and pacing stimulation is delivered through the catheter. An electrophysiological study is performed with programmed stimulation including constant pacing, burst pacing, and up to triple extrastimuli pacing. Under a spontaneous or pacing rhythm, the optical mapping recorded the action potential duration, activation map, conduction velocity, and Ca2+ transient individually in the right and left atria. In addition, the programmed stimulation also determines the inducibility of atrial tachyarrhythmias. Precise activation mapping is performed to identify the propagation of the excitation in the atrium during an induced atrial tachyarrhythmia. Optical mapping with a specialized setting enables a thorough electrophysiological evaluation of the atrium in murine pathological models.

This protocol describes the electrophysiological evaluation of murine atria utilizing an optical mapping system with a high temporal and spatial resolution, including dual recordings of the membrane voltage and Ca2+ transient under programmed stimulation through a specialized electrode catheter.

高解像度光学マッピングとマウスの心房の電気生理学的評価

Recent genome-wide association studies targeting atrial fibrillation (AF) have indicated a strong association between the genotype and ...

Contractions of Human-iPSC-derived Cardiomyocyte Syncytia Measured with a Ca-sensitive Fluorescent Dye in Temperature-controlled 384-well Plates

Spontaneously contracting syncytia of cardiomyocytes derived from human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC-CM) are a useful model of human cardiac physiology and pharmacology. Various methods have been proposed to record this spontaneous activity and to evaluate drug effects, but many of these methods suffer from limited throughput and/or physiological relevance. We developed a high-throughput screening system to quantify the effects of exogenous compounds on hiPSC-CM's beating frequency, using a Ca-sensitive fluorescent dye and a temperature-controlled imaging multi-well plate reader. We describe how to prepare the cell plates and the compound plates and how to run the automated assay to achieve high sensitivity and reproducibility. We also describe how to transform and analyze the fluorescence data to provide reliable measures of drug effects on spontaneous rhythm. This assay can be used in drug discovery programs to guide chemical optimization away from, or toward, compounds affecting human cardiac function.

Spontaneously contracting syncytia of cardiomyocytes derived from human-induced pluripotent stem cells are useful models of human cardiac physiology and pharmacology. Here we present a high-throughput screening system to quantify the effects of exogenous compounds on beating frequency, using a Ca-sensitive fluorescent dye and a temperature-controlled imaging multi-well plate reader.

人間-iPSC 由来心筋細胞分離の収縮測定 384 ウェル プレートの温度制御の Ca 感受性蛍光色素

Spontaneously contracting syncytia of cardiomyocytes derived from human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC-CM) are a useful model of human cardiac ...

Digital Handwriting Analysis of Characters in Chinese Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment

An increasing amount of evidence shows that cognitive deficits and movement dysfunctions are not separated. Patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) can manifest fine motor disorders of the upper extremities. Handwriting is a complex and unique human activity involving both motor and cognitive coordination. Researchers from western countries have discovered that patients with MCI have abnormal handwriting features. However, no relevant studies have been conducted in the Chinese population. Owing to the cross-culture phenomenon of handwriting, the aim of this study is to find new handwriting tasks to demonstrate the differences in handwriting features between elderly patients with MCI and age-matched healthy individuals.

This study proposed a digital handwriting analysis of characters in individuals with mild cognitive impairment to find more information than is revealed by traditional pencil&#8211;paper handwriting analysis.

軽度認知障害を有する中国患者における文字のデジタル手書き分析

An increasing amount of evidence shows that cognitive deficits and movement dysfunctions are not separated. Patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) ...

Evaluation of Capillary and Other Vessel Contribution to Macular Perfusion Density Measured with Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography

Parafoveal circulation of the superficial retinal capillary plexus is usually measured with vessel density, which determines the length of capillaries with circulation, and perfusion density, which calculates the percentage of the evaluated area that has circulation. Perfusion density also considers the circulation of vessels larger than capillaries, although the contribution of these vessels to the first is not usually evaluated. As both measurements are automatically generated by optical coherence tomography angiography devices, this paper proposes a method for estimating the contribution of vessels larger than capillaries by using a coefficient of determination between vessel and perfusion densities. This method can reveal a change in the proportion of perfusion density from vessels larger than capillaries, even when mean values do not differ. This change could reflect compensatory arterial vasodilatation as a response to capillary dropout in the initial stages of retinal vascular diseases before clinical retinopathy appears. The proposed method would allow the estimation of the changes in the composition of perfusion density without the need for other devices.

We describe the evaluation of a coefficient of determination between vessel and perfusion density of the parafoveal superficial capillary plexus to identify the contribution of vessels larger than capillaries to perfusion density.

光干渉断層撮影血管造影法で測定した黄斑灌流密度に対する毛細血管および他の血管寄与の評価

Parafoveal circulation of the superficial retinal capillary plexus is usually measured with vessel density, which determines the length of capillaries ...

A Standardized Approach to Extra-Oral and Intra-Oral Digital Photography

Contemporary dentistry mandates a more comprehensive and personalized analysis of each patient. Technological advances in digital photography have played vital roles in diagnostic accuracy, treatment planning, execution of therapies, and outcome evaluations, including esthetic enhancement. Digital photography also provides an excellent platform for patient education, communication, and co-management of cases with other healthcare providers. However, intra-oral photography often faces challenges such as inaccessibility of areas to be captured, different moveable vs. fixed tissues involved, contamination with saliva or blood, and differing illumination needs on various locations. Thus, a more standardized and systematic approach is proposed for intra- and extra-oral documentation via digital photography to overcome the existing technical challenges. The current work will outline the appropriate equipment specifications (camera bodies, macro lens, and flashes), positions and postures of the operator and patients, proper techniques of tissue retraction, the use of appropriate intra-oral mirrors, and the essential elements such as aperture settings (F-stop), ISO, shutter speed, and white balance. This article aims to provide all dental professionals with an approachable linear array of guidelines to produce simplified and standardized visual tools for more efficient and effective documentation.

The present protocol describes a method to capture intra- and extra-oral photographs for digital documentation in the clinical practice of dentistry. The protocol highlights all the critical components involved and the commonly utilized settings to capture dental photographs for clinical documentation.

口腔外および口腔内デジタル写真への標準化されたアプローチ

Contemporary dentistry mandates a more comprehensive and personalized analysis of each patient. Technological advances in digital photography have played ...

Detection and Removal of Tooth-Colored Composite Resin Using the Fluorescence-Aided Identification Technique

The detection and removal of tooth-colored filling materials is a major challenge for every dentist. The Fluorescence-aided Identification Technique (FIT) is a noninvasive tool to facilitate the distinction of composite resin material from sound tooth substance. Compared to conventional illumination, FIT is a very accurate, reliable, and fast diagnostic method. When composite resin is illuminated with a wavelength of approximately 398 &plusmn; 5 nm, certain fluorescent components make the composite resin appear brighter than the tooth structure. Any fluorescence-inducing light source with the appropriate wavelength can be used for this method. Optimally, this technique is used without additional natural or artificial lighting. The application of FIT can be used for diagnostic purposes, for example, dental charts, and additionally for the complete and minimally invasive removal of composite resin restorations, bracket debonding, and trauma splint removal. The assessment of volumetric changes after composite removal can be provided by overlapping pre- and postoperative scans and subsequent calculation using suitable software.

The Fluorescence-aided Identification Technique is a practicable, fast, and reliable approach for the differentiation of composite resin restorations from tooth substance, and facilitates the minimally invasive and complete removal of composite resin restorations and composite bonded trauma splints.

蛍光識別技術を用いた歯色コンポジットレジンの検出と除去(英語)

The detection and removal of tooth-colored filling materials is a major challenge for every dentist. The Fluorescence-aided Identification Technique (FIT) ...

Dynamic Navigation in Endodontics: Guided Access Cavity Preparation by Means of a Miniaturized Navigation System

In the case of teeth with pulp canal calcification (PCC) and apical pathology or pulpitis, root canal treatment can be very challenging. PCC are common sequelae of dental trauma but can also occur with stimuli such as caries, bruxism, or after placing a restoration. In order to access the root canal as minimally invasive as possible in case of a necessary root canal treatment, dynamic navigation has recently been introduced in endodontics in addition to static navigation. The use of a dynamic navigation system (DNS) requires pre-operative cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging and a digital surface scan. If necessary, reference markers must be placed on the teeth before the CBCT scan; with some systems, these can also be planned and created digitally afterward. By means of a stereo camera connected to the planning software, the drill can now be coordinated with the help of reference markers and virtual planning. As a result, the position of the drill can be displayed on the monitor in real-time during preparation in different planes. In addition, the spatial displacement, the angular deviation, and the depth position are also displayed separately. The few commercially available DNS mostly consist of relatively large camera-marker-systems. Here, the DNS contains miniaturized components: a low-weight camera (97 g) mounted on the micromotor of the electric handpiece utilizing a manufacturer-specific connecting mechanism and a small marker (10 mm x 15 mm), which can be easily attached to an individually manufactured intraoral tray. For research purposes, a post-operative CBCT scan can be matched with the pre-operative one, and the volume of tooth structure removed can be calculated by the software. This work aims to present the technique of guided access cavity preparation by means of a miniaturized navigation system from imaging to clinical implementation.

Dynamic navigation systems (DNS) provide real-time visualization and guidance to the operator during endodontic access cavities preparation. The planning of the procedure requires three-dimensional imaging utilizing cone beam computed tomography and surface scans. After the export of the planning data to the DNS, access cavities can be prepared with minimal invasion.

歯内療法におけるダイナミックナビゲーション:小型ナビゲーションシステムによるガイド付きアクセスキャビティ準備

In the case of teeth with pulp canal calcification (PCC) and apical pathology or pulpitis, root canal treatment can be very challenging. PCC are common ...

デジタル重ね合わせによる上顎後歯運動の評価

Measuring Maxillary Posterior Tooth Movement: A Model Assessment using Palatal and Dental Superimposition

Since the introduction of Invisalign by Align Technology, Inc. in 1999, questions and debates have persisted regarding the precision of Invisalign (clear aligner) therapy, particularly when compared to the use of traditional fixed appliances. This becomes particularly significant in cases involving anteroposterior, vertical, and transverse corrections, where precise comparisons are of paramount importance. To address these inquiries, this study introduces a meticulously devised protocol, placing a primary emphasis on digitally superimposing the movement of maxillary posterior teeth to facilitate accurate analysis. The sample included 25 patients who had completed their first series of Invisalign (clear) aligners. Four maxillary digital models (pre-treatment, post-treatment, ClinCheck-initial, and final models) were digitally superimposed using the palate rugae and dentitions as stable references. A software combination was used for model superimposition and tooth segmentation. Transformation matrices then expressed the differences between the achieved and predicted tooth positions. Thresholds for clinically relevant differences were at &plusmn;0.25 mm for linear displacement and &plusmn;2&#176; for rotation. Differences were assessed using Hotelling's T-squared tests with Bonferroni correction. The mean differences in rotation (2.036&#176; &plusmn; 4.217&#176;) and torque (-2.913&#176; &plusmn; 3.263&#176;) were significant statistically and clinically, with p-values of 0.023 and 0.0003 respectively. De-rotation of premolars and torque control for all posterior teeth were less predictable. All mean differences for the linear measurements were statistically and clinically insignificant, except that the first molars seemed slightly (0.256 mm) more intruded than their predicted position. The clear aligner system appears to meet its prediction for most translational tooth movements and mesial-distal tipping in maxillary posterior teeth for non-extraction cases with mild to moderate malocclusions.

著者スポットライト:クリアアライナー治療における上顎後歯の3D運動評価

This manuscript presents a comprehensive protocol to evaluate the three-dimensional (3D) movement of maxillary posterior teeth with clear aligners using digital model superimposition, an invaluable tool in orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics.

上顎後歯の動きの測定:口蓋と歯の重ね合わせを使用したモデル評価

Since the introduction of Invisalign by Align Technology, Inc. in 1999, questions and debates have persisted regarding the precision of Invisalign (clear ...